Scirpus
Scirpus | |
---|---|
Scirpus atrovirens | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Monocots |
Clade: | Commelinids |
Order: | Poales |
Family: | Cyperaceae |
Genus: | Scirpus L. |
Species | |
About 120; see text | |
Synonyms[1] | |
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Scirpus is a genus of grass-like species in the sedge family Cyperaceae many with the common names club-rush, wood club-rush or bulrush (see also bulrush for other plant genera so-named). They mostly inhabit wetlands and damp locations.
Taxonomy
The taxonomy of the genus is complex, and under review by
Description
Scirpus are rhizomatous perennial herbs, with 3-angled stems and flat grass-like leaves. The flowers are in clusters of small spikelets, often brown or greenish brown.[2]: 992 Some species (e.g. S. lacustris) can reach a height of 3 m, while S. sylvaticus is about 1.2 m and others, such as S. supinus, are much smaller, only reaching 20–30 cm tall.
Distribution
The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution, found on every continent except Africa and Antarctica.[1]
Ecology
Many species are common in
Scirpus species are used as
Selected species
- (This list is incomplete, and may include some species now assigned to other genera.)
- Scirpus ancistrochaetus northeastern bulrush
- Scirpus atrocinctus black-girdle bulrush
- Scirpus atrovirens woolgrass bulrush
- Scirpus bicolor
- Scirpus campestris salt marsh bulrush
- Scirpus cespitosus deergrass, synonymous with Trichophorum cespitosum
- Scirpus congdonii Congdon's bulrush
- Scirpus cyperinus - woolgrass/cottongrass bulrush
- Scirpus diffusus
- Scirpus divaricatus spreading bulrush
- Scirpus expansus Woodland beakrush
- Scirpus flaccidifolius reclining bulrush
- Scirpus fluitansfloating club-rush
- Scirpus fluviatilis- river bulrush
- Scirpus georgianus Georgia bulrush
- Scirpus grossusGreater club-rush, Giant bulrush
- Scirpus hattorianus - mosquito bulrush
- Scirpus lineatus drooping bulrush
- Scirpus longii Long's bulrush
- Scirpus mariqueter
- Scirpus microcarpus small-fruit bulrush
- Scirpus mucronatus
- Scirpus nevadensisNevada bulrush
- Scirpus olneyi Olney bulrush, synonymous with Schoenoplectus americanus
- Scirpus pacificus Pacific Coast bulrush
- Scirpus pallidus pale bulrush
- Scirpus paludosus salt marsh bulrush
- Scirpus pedicellatus stalked bulrush
- Scirpus pendulus pendulous bulrush
- Scirpus polyphyllus leafy bulrush
- Scirpus pumilus dwarf deergrass
- Scirpus pungenssharp club-rush
- Scirpus radicans
- Scirpus robustussalt marsh bulrush
- Scirpus supinus dwarf club-rush
- Scirpus sylvaticus wood club-rush
- Scirpus triqueter triangular club-rush
- Selected species in a broader view of the genus
- Bolboschoenus maritimus sea club-rush
- Isolepis cernua slender club-rush
- Isolepis setacea bristle club-rush
- Schoenoplectus acutus tule
- Schoenoplectus hudsonianus alpine deergrass
- Schoenoplectus lacustris common club-rush
- Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani
- Scirpoides holoschoenus round-headed club-rush
Fossil record
Several hundred
Uses
Scirpus species are often planted to inhibit
References
- ^ a b "Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families". Royal Botanic Garden Kew. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
- ISBN 978-1-5272-2630-2.
- JSTOR 1941059.
- JSTOR 1941260.
- JSTOR 3545638.
- ^ van der Valk, A. G. (1989). Northern Prairie Wetlands. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press.
- ^ Keddy, P.A. (2010). Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2 ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- doi:10.1139/b76-197.
- ^ Busck, August (1914). "New Microlepidoptera from Hawaii". Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus. 2 (7): 106.
- ^ Zimmerman, Elwood C. (1978). Insects of Hawaii (PDF). Vol. 9 Microlepidoptera. Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii. pp. 1003–1015.
- . Retrieved 9 December 2019.
- ^ Angiosperm Fruits and Seeds from the Middle Miocene of Jutland (Denmark) by Else Marie Friis, The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters 24:3, 1985
- ^ Łańcucka-Środoniowa M.: Macroscopic plant remains from the freshwater Miocene of the Nowy Sącz Basin (West Carpathians, Poland) [Szczątki makroskopowe roślin z miocenu słodkowodnego Kotliny Sądeckiej (Karpaty Zachodnie, Polska)]. Acta Palaeobotanica 1979 20 (1): 3-117.
External links
- Genus Scirpus
- Genus Scirpus
- Scirpus (Cyperaceae)
- "What Is 'Schoenoplectus americanus'?" and "Should We Reject The Name 'Scirpus americanus'?"
- Edibility of Scirpus: Edible parts and identification of Scirpus
Sources
- Muntz, Philip A. A California Flora. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1973, copyright 1959
- Muntz, Philip A. A California Flora: Supplement. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1976 (Scirpus lacutris, validus, glaucus, p. 183))
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