Scotoplanes
Scotoplanes | |
---|---|
Scotoplanes globosa | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Echinodermata |
Class: | Holothuroidea |
Order: | Elasipodida |
Family: | Elpidiidae |
Genus: | Scotoplanes Théel, 1882[1] |
Species | |
Scotoplanes is a genus of deep-sea sea cucumbers of the family Elpidiidae. Its species are commonly known as sea pigs.
Locomotion
Members of the
Ecology
Scotoplanes live on deep ocean bottoms, specifically on the
Scotoplanes, like other sea cucumbers, host
Scotoplanes are known to exhibit behavioral patterns of aggregation, where large numbers will aggregate either to feed or mate.[11]
Size
Scotoplanes can grow to 4 to 6 inches (10 to 15 centimeters) in length.[12] They are bilaterally symmetrical with six pairs of tube feet, which are largest at mid-body and smallest near the anus. Scotoplanes also have ten buccal tentacles lining the oral cavity.
Physiology
Scotoplanes are tiny and have their own defence mechanism to protect themselves from predators. Their skin contains a toxic chemical called holothurin which is poisonous to other creatures. They have external appendages which include tube feet, dorsal papillae, and buccal tentacles.
Like all
Scotoplanes have unique reproductive systems that consist of one gonad in both female and male organisms. This means one ovary in females and one testis in males. This is different from most echinoderms. Also unique from most elasipodids is that active gametogenesis was observed in both females and males, pointing to a different reproduction strategy in Scotoplanes.
Similar to other echinoderms, Scotoplanes have a water vascular system. The dorsal papillae are similar histologically to Scotoplanes' tube feet, as both contain a large muscular water vascular canal in the center. Hydraulic pressure in these canals are responsible for the efficacy of the vascular system.[14]
Taxonomy
The genus includes the following species:[15]
A study done provides histologic findings that these deep-sea dwelling sea pigs are similar to other holothuroidea, though there are few notable differences: most holothurians are sexually dioecious with sexes in separate individuals. Unlike other echinoderms, holothuroids possess only a single gonad. The water vascular system of holothuians is similar to other echinoderms, except the madreporite opens in the perivisceral coelom instead of in the external body wall.[16] In male Scotoplanes their aboral intestines have protozoa inside these cyst cavities.[16]
References
- ^ Théel, H (1886). "Report on the Holothurioidea dredged by HMS Challenger during the years 1873-76".
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- ^ Llano, George Biology of the Antarctic Seas III, Volume 11 of Antarctic research series, Volume 3 of Biology of the Antarctic seas, Issue 1579 of Publication (National Research Council (U.S.))) American Geophysical Union, 1967, p. 57
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- JSTOR 44634754.
- ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 2020-05-21.
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- ISSN 2077-1312.
- ^ MarineSpecies.org – Scotoplanes
- ^ doi:10.3390/jmse9080848. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
External links
- Scotoplanes article and photos on Echinoblog
- Sea pigs? Gross or cool? on Animal Planet website
- [1] Neptune Canada "Sea Pig Slow Dance"
- Scotoplanes as a refuge for crabs
Further reading
Ruhl, Henry A., and Kenneth L. Smith, Jr. "Go to Science." Science Magazine: Sign In. Science., 23 July 2004. Web. 1 May 2015. [1]
- S2CID 29864283.