Scrotifera

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Scrotifera
Temporal range: Paleocene–Recent
From top to right:
Chiroptera
, comprising Scrotifera.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Superorder: Laurasiatheria
Clade: Scrotifera
Waddell et al., 1999[1]
Subgroups
Synonyms
  • Variamana (Springer, 2005)[2]

Scrotifera ("scrotum bearers") is a

last common ancestor of Scrotifera is supposed to have diversified ca. 73.1[3] to 85.5[4]
million years ago.

Etymology

Peter Waddell, then of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, explains the etymology of the clade's name as follows:

The name comes from the word scrotum, a pouch in which the testes permanently reside in the adult male. All members of the group have a postpenile scrotum, often prominently displayed, except for some aquatic forms and pangolin (which has the testes just below the skin). It appears to be an ancestral character for this group, yet other orders generally lack this as an ancestral feature, with the probable exception of Primates.[1]

Classification and phylogeny

History of phylogeny

In

Artiodactyla, based on genomic research in molecular systematics.[5] The monophyly of the group is not well supported, and recent studies have indicated that this clade is not a natural grouping.[4][6]

According to a 2022 study, two extinct species (Eosoricodon terrigena and "Wyonycteris" microtis) were identified as outside of the family Nyctitheriidae and more closely related mammals to bats.[7] In another 2022 study, the extinct genus Acmeodon was recognized as not a member of the extinct order Cimolesta but a basal laurasiatherian mammal in the clade Scrotifera.[8][9]

Taxonomy

Former classification: Current classification:
  • Clade: Scrotifera (Waddell, 1999)
    • Order:
      Artiodactyla
      (Owen, 1848) (even-toed ungulate)
    • Clade: Pegasoferae (Nishihara, 2006)
      • Order: Chiroptera (Blumenbach, 1779) (bats)
      • Clade: Zooamata (Waddell, 1999)
        • Miroder: Ferae (Linnaeus, 1758)
        • Order:
          Perissodactyla
          (Owen, 1848) (odd-toed ungulate)

See also

References

  1. ^
    PMID 12078643
    .
  2. ^ Springer M. S., Murphy W. J., Eizirik E., O'Brien S. J. In: "Placental Mammals: Origins and Relationships of the Major Clades." Rose K. D., Archibald J., editor. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins; (2005.) "Molecular evidence for major placental clades"; pp. 37–49
  3. PMID 22628470
    .
  4. ^ .
  5. .
  6. .
  7. ^ Matthew F. Jones, Nancy Simmons, K. Christopher Beard (2022.) "Relationship of nyctitheres (Mammalia, Nyctitheriidae) to bats and other laurasiatherians", in "The Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 82nd annual meeting"
  8. .
  9. .