Seaside resort
A seaside resort is a city,
History
Seaside resorts have existed since antiquity. In Roman times, the town of Baiae, by the Tyrrhenian Sea in Italy, was a resort for those who were sufficiently prosperous.[1] Barcola in northern Italy, with its Roman luxury villas, is considered a special example of ancient leisure culture by the sea.[2] Mersea Island, in Essex, England was a seaside holiday destination for wealthy Romans living in Colchester.[3]
The development of the beach as a popular leisure resort from the mid-19th century was the first manifestation of what is now the global tourist industry. The first seaside resorts were opened in the 18th century for the aristocracy, who began to frequent the seaside as well as the then fashionable spa towns, for recreation and health.[4] One of the earliest such seaside resorts was Scarborough in Yorkshire during the 1720s; it had been a popular spa town since a stream of acidic water was discovered running from one of the cliffs to the south of the town in the 17th century.[4] The first rolling bathing machines were introduced by 1735.
In 1793, Heiligendamm in Mecklenburg, Germany was founded as the first seaside resort of the European continent, which successfully attracted Europe's aristocracy to the Baltic Sea.[5]
The opening of the resort in
ensured that a seaside residence was considered as a highly fashionable possession for those wealthy enough to afford more than one home.Seaside resorts for the middle and working classes
The extension of this form of leisure to the middle and working classes began with the development of the railways in the 1840s; they offered cheap travel to fast-growing resort towns. In particular, the
The growth was intensified by the practice among the Lancashire
Many popular beach resorts were equipped with bathing machines, because even the all-covering beachwear of the period was considered immodest.
By the end of the century the English coastline had over 100 large resort towns, some with populations exceeding 50,000.[8]
Expansion around the world
The development of the seaside resort abroad was stimulated by the well-developed
In the
Continental European attitudes towards gambling and nudity tended to be more lax than in Britain, and British and French entrepreneurs were quick to exploit the possibilities. In 1863, the Prince of Monaco, Charles III and François Blanc, a French businessman, arranged for steamships and carriages to take visitors from Nice to Monaco, where large luxury hotels, gardens and casinos were built. The place was renamed Monte Carlo.[citation needed] Commercial seabathing also spread to other areas of the United States and parts of the British Empire such as Australia, where surfing became popular in the early 20th century. By the 1970s cheap and affordable air travel was the catalyst for the growth of a global tourism market.
Since the late 20th century, recreational fishing and leisure boat pursuits have become very lucrative, and traditional fishing villages are often well positioned to take advantage of this. Destin, Florida, for instance, has evolved from an artisanal fishing village into a seaside resort dedicated to tourism with a large fishing fleet of recreational charter boats.[10]
Around the world
Australia
- Surfers Paradise)
- Sunshine Coast
- Hyams Beach)
- Tangalooma
- Queenscliff, Victoria
- Agnes Water
- St Kilda Beach
- Glenelg
- Byron Bay
- )
- Batemans Bay
- Port Douglas
- Port Macquarie
- Ballina, New South Wales
- Fitzroy Island
- Sydney (Bondi Beach, Manly Beach, Brighton-Le-Sands, Palm Beach)
- Wollongong
- Noosa Heads
- Coffs Harbour
- Margaret River
- Palm Cove
- Nelson
- Nelson Bay
- South West Rocks
- Yamba
- Lizard Island National Park
- Cairns
- Airlie Beach
- Kiama
- Forster
- Culburra Beach
- Tweed Heads
Belgium
Seaside resorts on the Flemish coast of
Bulgaria
- Sunny Beach
- Sozopol
- Golden Sands
- Constantine and Helena
- Sveti Vlas
- Albena
- Obzor
- Kranevo
- Ravda
- Pomorie
- Dyuni
- Balchik
- Kavarna
- Ahtopol
- Kavarna
- Tsarevo
- Rusalka
- Holiday Club Riviera
- Nesebar
- Kamchia (resort)
- Byala
- Primorsko
- Kiten
- Lozenets
- Tsarevo
- Sinemorets
- Varna
Croatia
There are many seaside resorts on the jagged coastline of Croatia and its several islands, including:
Cyprus
Denmark
- Blåvand
- Hornbæk
- Marielyst
- Skagen
- Tisvildeleje
Estonia
Finland
France
With three long coastlines, France has many seaside resorts on its various coasts; for specific towns in each region, see the following articles:
- Côte Bleue on the Mediterranean Sea
- Côte d'Argent on the Bay of Biscay
- Côte de Lumière on the Bay of Biscay
- Côte des Landes, a section of the Côte d'Argent
- Côte d'Opale on the English Channel
- Côte Fleurie on the English Channel
- French Riviera (Côte d'Azur) on the Mediterranean
Georgia
Germany
Germany is known for its traditional seaside resorts on the Baltic Sea and the North Sea coasts, mainly established in the 19th century. In German they are called Seebad ("Sea Spa") or Seeheilbad, sometimes with Ostsee- or Nordsee- as prefixes for the respective coastline.
The most prestigious resorts can be found along the Baltic coastline, including the islands of Rugia and Usedom. They often feature a unique architectural style called resort architecture. The coast of Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania alone has an overall length of 2000 km[11] and is nicknamed German Riviera.[12] Heiligendamm in Mecklenburg, established in 1793, is the oldest seaside resort in Germany and continental Europe.[13]
Most important coastal areas with seaside resorts in Germany:
- Darss and Zingst
- North Sea: East Frisian Islands and North Frisian Islands
Selection of German seaside resorts along the Baltic Sea coastline:
- Ahrenshoop
- Laboe
- Mecklenburg:
- Rugia Island:
- Timmendorfer Strand
- Travemünde
- Usedom Island:
- Amber Spas
- Kaiserbad Ahlbeck and Bansin
- Zinnowitz
- Zingst
At the North Sea coastline:
Greece
Greece, renowned as a summer destination, features a large amount of seaside resorts. Some of them include:
- Agia Pelagia
- Agia Triada
- Agioi Theodoroi
- Asprovalta
- Chalkidiki, a peninsula with a variety of coastal villages that are considered resorts such as: Afytos, Chaniotis, Nea Poteidaia, Neos Marmaras, Nikiti, Sarti and others.
- Ermioni
- Eretria
- Glyfada, Phocis
- Kamena Vourla
- Karystos
- Nea Kallikrateia
- Katakolo
- Kavos
- Kineta
- Kyllini, Elis
- Kymi
- Laganas
- Leptokarya
- Loutraki
- Malia
- Matala
- Naousa (Paros)
- Nafpaktos
- Neoi Poroi
- Olympiaki Akti
- Parga
- Platamon
- Porto Cheli
- Porto Rafti
- Preveza
- Pythagoreio
- Stavros
- Syvota
India
Major sea beaches can be found in large coastal cities of India like Mumbai and Chennai. The Marina Beach in Chennai is the longest unnatural beach in India. Apart from that, Juhu Beach in Mumbai and Kovalam Beach in Trivandrum are also famous. Beach resorts of Puri, Vishakhapatnam, Kochi, Kannur, Tuticorin, Mahabalipuram and Kanyakumari are equally famous.[according to whom?]
In recent years,[when?] Goa has become a hotspot for beach resorts and hotels. Goa has numerous beaches and is near to Mumbai and Pune and not very far from Bengaluru and Chennai making is a favourite destination for many.
The archipelago of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep are also famous for beach resorts. Other beach resorts in India includes:
- Digha
- Bakkhali
- Sagar Island
- Kovalam
- Kollam
- Calangute
- Canacona
- Juhu
- Puri
- Visakhapatnam
- Karaikal
- Chirala
Iceland
Ireland
The 'Irish Riviera' on the South Coast of Ireland features the seaside resorts of
Seaside resorts in the East of Ireland developed after the introduction of rail travel. The
Ulster has a number of seaside resorts, such as Portrush, situated on the north coast, with its two beaches and a world-famous golf course, Royal Portrush Golf Club.[14] Other Ulster seaside resorts are Newcastle, located on the east coast at the foot of the Mourne Mountains; Ballycastle; Portstewart; Rathmullan; Bundoran and Bangor. Bangor Marina is one of the largest in Ireland and the marina has on occasion been awarded the Blue Flag for attention to environmental issues.
The main seaside towns in the west of Ireland are in County Clare; the largest are Lahinch and Kilkee. Lahinch is a popular surfing location.
Like British resorts, many seaside towns in Ireland have turned to other entertainment industries. Larger resorts such as Bray or Portrush host air shows, while most resorts host summer festivals.
Israel
Israel is a major tourist area. Tourism in Israel is one of the major sources of income, with beautiful beaches, such as those found on the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Most tourists come from the United States and European countries. Other resorts include:
Italy
Italy is known for its seaside resorts, visited both by Italian and North European tourists. Many of these resorts have a history of tourism which dates back to the 19th century.
Resorts include (among many others):
- Alassio
- Alba Adriatica
- Alghero
- Agropoli
- Amalfi
- Anzio
- Bibione
- Capri
- Castellabate
- Castellamare di Stabia
- Cattolica
- Caorle
- Cefalù
- Cervia
- Cesenatico
- Follonica
- Forte dei Marmi
- Finale Ligure
- Fregene
- Gaeta
- Gallipoli, Apulia
- Giulianova
- Grottammare
- Jesolo
- Lignano Sabbiadoro
- Livorno
- Maratea
- Manfredonia
- Minturno
- Nettuno
- Numana
- Orbetello
- Ostia
- Ostuni
- Policoro
- Portofino
- Positano
- Riccione
- Rimini
- Sabaudia
- San Benedetto del Tronto
- San Remo
- San Vito Lo Capo
- Santa Maria di Leuca
- Senigallia
- Sestri Levante
- Silvi
- Sorrento
- Soverato
- Sperlonga
- Stintino
- Taormina
- Termoli
- Terracina
- Tropea
- Viareggio
- Vieste
- Villasimius
Japan
There are seaside resorts in
Jordan
All seaside resorts in Jordan are located in Aqaba, the only seaport in Jordan. Seaside resorts of Aqaba include Ayla Oasis and Marsa Zayed in the Tala Bay region.[citation needed]
South Korea
Many seaside resorts are located in
.Latvia
Lithuania
Malaysia
- Langkawi
- Batu Ferringhi
- Pangkor
- Port Dickson
- Desaru
- Cherating
- Kuala Terengganu
- Kapas
- Perhentian Islands
- Redang
- Tioman
- Tanjung Aru
- Gaya
- Mabul
- Manukan
- Sipadan
Malta
The following are the main resort towns in Malta:[15]
- Northern towns of Mellieħa, St. Paul's Bay, Buġibba and Qawra
- Central towns of St. Julian's and Paceville
- Southern towns of Marsascala
- Village of Marsalforn in Gozo
- Parts of the island of Comino
Mexico
Mexican resorts are popular with many North American residents, with Mexico being the second most visited country in the Americas. Notable resorts on the mainland and the Baja Gold Coast and
- Acapulco
- Baja Mar
- Cabo San Lucas
- Cancún
- Ensenada
- Guaymas
- Ixtapa
- Manzanillo
- Mazatlán
- Playa del Carmen
- Puerto Peñasco
- Puerto Vallarta
- Rosarito Beach
- Tijuana (Playas de Tijuana)
- Veracruz
Netherlands
There are many seaside resorts on the Dutch coast, chiefly in the provinces of North Holland, South Holland and Zeeland, as well as on the West Frisian Islands.
A selection includes:
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Poland's coast on the Baltic Sea includes many traditional seaside resorts established throughout the 18th-20th centuries. In the past the resorts have received mostly domestic tourism, however, since the 1990s, following the opening of Polish borders, the international tourism has grown considerably.[16] Notable resorts include:
- Świnoujście
- Międzyzdroje
- Dziwnów
- Kołobrzeg
- Mielno
- Darłowo
- Ustka
- Władysławowo
- Chłapowo
- Jastarnia
- Hel
- Sopot
Portugal
Many European and world tourists visit Portuguese resorts, particularly those on the Algarve and Madeira. Notable resorts include:
Romania
The Romanian Black Sea resorts stretch from the Danube Delta in the north down to the Romanian-Bulgarian border in the south, along 275 kilometers of coastline.
- 2 Mai
- Constanța
- Costinești
- Mamaia
- Mangalia
- Năvodari
- Neptun, Romania
- Vama Veche
- Venus, Romania
- Sulina
Russia
- Anapa
- Gelendzhik
- Lazurnaya Bay
- Sestroretsk
- Sochi, including previously separate settlements Adler, Lazarevskoye, and Dagomys
- Svetlogorsk
- Yantarny
- Zelenogradsk
South Africa
- Alexander Bay
- Alkanstrand, Richards Bay
- Amanzimtoti
- Arniston
- Ballito
- Betty's Bay
- Bloubergstrand
- Boknesstrand
- Brenton-on-Sea
- Buffelsbaai
- Bushman's River Mouth
- Cape St Francis
- Cape Town
- Cape Vidal
- Cannon Rocks
- Chintsa
- Coffee Bay
- De Kelders
- Durban
- East London
- Elands Bay
- eMdloti
- Fish Hoek
- Franskraalstrand
- Gansbaai
- Gordon's Bay
- Gonubie
- Great Brak River
- Haga Haga
- Hamburg
- Hawston
- Hermanus
- Herolds Bay
- Hibberdene
- Hondeklip Bay
- Jacobsbaai
- Jeffreys Bay
- Kenton-on-Sea
- Keurboomstrand
- Kidd's Beach
- Kleinmond
- Kleinzee
- Knysna
- Kommetjie
- Kosi Bay
- L'Agulhas
- Lambert's Bay
- Langebaan
- Llandudno
- Margate
- Mazeppa Bay
- Mtunzini
- Muizenberg
- Morgans Bay
- Mossel Bay
- Nahoon
- Nature's Valley
- Noordhoek
- Onrus
- Paternoster
- Pearly Beach
- Pennington
- Plettenberg Bay
- Port Alfred
- Port Elizabeth
- Port Nolloth
- Port St Johns
- Pringle Bay
- Qolora Mouth
- Ramsgate
- Salt Rock
- Sardinia Bay
- Schoenmakerskop
- Scottburgh
- Sedgefield
- Shaka's Rock
- Simon's Town
- Sodwana Bay
- Southbroom
- St Francis Bay
- St Helena Bay
- St Lucia
- Stilbaai
- Stormsrivier
- Strand
- Strandfontein
- Struisbaai
- Tergniet
- Thukela Mouth
- uMhlanga
- Umzumbe
- Uvongo
- Victoria Bay
- Warner Beach, Kingsburgh
- Wilderness
- Witsand
- Yzerfontein
- Zinkwazi Beach
South America
Notable seaside resorts in South America include
in Ecuador.Spain
Spanish resorts are popular with many European and world residents. Notable resorts on the mainland and islands include:
- Algeciras area
- Altea
- Barcelona area, with the best urban beaches in the world[17][18]
- Benidorm
- Blanes
- Cadaqués
- Calpe
- Castell-Platja d'Aro
- Costa de la Luz
- Costa Tropical
- Dénia
- Empuriabrava
- Gandía
- Lanzarote
- Lloret de Mar
- Las Palmas area and other towns in the Canary Islands
- Málaga area and other suburbs on the Costa del Sol
- Nerja
- Palamós
- Palma, Majorca area and Ibiza and other towns in the Balearic Islands
- Peñíscola
- Roses
- Salou area and other towns on the Costa Dorada
- Sant Feliu de Guíxols
- San Javier
- San Sebastián
- Sitges
- Tenerife
- Tossa de Mar
- Villajoyosa
- Vinaròs
Sweden
Turkey
Ukraine
Some examples of Ukrainian seaside resort towns are:
- Kherson Oblast: Skadovsk
- Ochakov
- Odesa Oblast: Odesa
United Kingdom
This section needs additional citations for verification. (January 2022) |
The United Kingdom saw the popularisation of
Another area notable for its seaside resorts was (and is) the
Some resorts, especially those more southerly such as Hastings, Worthing, Eastbourne, Bournemouth, and Brighton were built as new towns or extended by local landowners to appeal to wealthier holidaymakers. Others came about due to their proximity to large urban areas of population, such as Southend-on-Sea, which became increasingly popular with residents of London once rail links were established to it allowing day trips from London. The sunshine and sea air were seen by Victorians as beneficial for health,[20] and resorts such as Ventnor owed their growth to a visit being considered as treatment for chest complaints. Owing to its generally better climate, the south coast has many seaside towns, the most being in Sussex.
In the later 20th century, the popularity of the British seaside resort declined for the same reason that it first flourished: advances in transport. The greater accessibility of foreign holiday destinations, through
Many people can now afford "second holidays" and short breaks, resulting in increased tourism in British seaside towns. Many seaside towns have large shopping centres which also attract people from a wide area. Day trippers still come to the coastal towns, but on a more local scale than during the 19th century.[citation needed]
Many coastal towns are also popular retirement hotspots where older people reside permanently or take short breaks in the autumn months. Other English coastal towns have successfully sought to project a sense of their unique character. In particular, Southwold on the Suffolk coast is an active yet peaceful retirement haven with an emphasis on calmness, quiet countryside and jazz. Weymouth, Dorset offers itself as "the gateway to the Jurassic Coast", Britain's only natural World Heritage Site. Newquay in Cornwall offers itself as the 'surfing capital of Britain', hosting international surfing events on its shores.
, the bay has 20 beaches and coves along its 22-mile (35 km) coastline, ranging from small secluded coves to the larger promenade-style seafronts of Torquay's Torre Abbey Sands and Paignton Sands.However, British seaside resorts have faced increasingly stiff competition from sunnier resorts overseas since the 1970s. Largely due to the falling price of air travel under the Conservative government of Margaret Thatcher (elected in 1979), the number of British families who took holidays abroad rose significantly in the 1980s.[24] The decline of British seaside resorts was discussed in the Morrissey song "Everyday Is Like Sunday" where daily life in the resort is likened to the emptiness of streets once associated with the shop closures on Sunday.
United States
With 3,800 miles (6100 km) of coastline, the US mainland has hundreds of seaside resorts on three coasts, Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, and Pacific Ocean. Unlike in many smaller countries, the seaside resorts in the US are located in various climate zones, with great differences in topography and environment. Many American seaside resorts are popular destination across the world, known for their climates, culture, and entertainment opportunities.
Seaside resorts in the United States first developed near the nation's largest industrial cities on the upper East Coast, including New York City, Philadelphia, and Boston. Cape May, New Jersey, part of the Philadelphia metropolitan area, and Provincetown, Massachusetts, part of the Boston metropolitan area were two of the nation's first seaside resorts, developed in the 19th century and catering to city workers. Cape May is often called Americas "first seaside resort". The early emergence of Cape May as a summer resort was due to easy transport by water from Philadelphia to the Atlantic Ocean. Early Cape May vacationers were carried to the town on sloops from Philadelphia, and water transport was also easy from New York, Baltimore, Washington, D.C., and points south. The resort business in Cape May began to thrive when regular steamboat traffic on the Delaware River began after the War of 1812. Early visitors to Cape May included Henry Clay in 1847, and Abraham Lincoln in 1849. Today, the Cape May Historic District is one of the largest and well preserved examples of Victorian architecture in the United States.
On the southern Atlantic coast,
In
On the Pacific coast in California, in April 1886, Babcock and Story created the Coronado Beach Company, which sought to develop Coronado as a seaside resort. In the mid-1880s, the San Diego region was in the midst of one of its first real estate booms. The Hotel del Coronado was built in March 1887, with Babcock's visions for the hotel built around a courtyard of tropical trees, shrubs and flowers, with a dining wing to give full value to the view of the ocean, bay and city. By 1915, more hotels were built along the Los Angeles coastline to serve the wealthy tourists and Hollywood film makers. In May 1926, brothers E.A. "Jack" Harter and T.D. "Til" Harter built the Hotel Casa del Mar in Santa Monica, at a cost of $2 million, creating one of the most successful beach clubs in Southern California, popular with socialites and Hollywood celebrities.
In the 1920s, Carl Fisher was the main promoter of
In the modern era, hundreds of seaside resorts now string the Gulf, Atlantic, and Pacific coasts of the United States. Many Americans move with the seasons when they visit seaside resorts, vacationing in northern seaside areas in the warm season (April through October), and then moving to southern areas in the cold season (November through March). Many seaside resorts in Florida and California however, see travelers all year.
Some examples of well-known and sought-after American coastal resort towns are:
- Gulf Shores, Alabama
- Orange Beach, Alabama
- Dauphin Island, Alabama
- Carlsbad, California
- Corona Del Mar, California
- Coronado, California
- Dana Point, California
- Laguna Beach, California
- Los Angeles, California (Venice district)
- Malibu, California
- Montecito, California
- Newport Beach, California
- Pebble Beach, California
- Ocean Beachneighborhoods)
- Santa Monica, California
- Mystic, Connecticut
- Bethany Beach, Delaware
- Rehoboth Beach, Delaware
- Clearwater, Florida
- Daytona Beach, Florida
- Fort Lauderdale, Florida
- Key West, Florida
- Marco Island, Florida
- Miami Beach, Florida
- Palm Beach, Florida
- Panama City, Florida
- Panama City Beach, Florida
- Pensacola Beach, Florida
- St. Augustine, Florida
- Saint Petersburg, Florida
- Siesta Key, Florida
- Tampa, Florida
- Sea Island, Georgia
- Tybee Island, Georgia
- Lahaina, Maui, Hawaii
- Kennebunkport, Maine
- Ocean City, Maryland
- Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts
- Nantucket, Massachusetts
- Provincetown, Massachusetts
- Allenhurst, New Jersey
- Asbury Park, New Jersey
- Atlantic City, New Jersey
- Cape May, New Jersey
- Deal, New Jersey
- Elberon, New Jersey
- Loch Arbour, New Jersey
- Long Beach Island, New Jersey
- Long Branch, New Jersey
- Ocean City, New Jersey
- Point Pleasant, New Jersey
- Sea Isle City, New Jersey
- Seaside Heights, New Jersey
- Wildwood, New Jersey
- Fire Island, New York
- The Hamptons, New York
- Bald Head Island, North Carolina
- Figure Eight Island, North Carolina
- Nags Head, North Carolina
- Oak Island, North Carolina
- Ocean Isle Beach, North Carolina
- Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina
- Seaside, Oregon
- Newport, Rhode Island
- Folly Beach, South Carolina
- Hilton Head, South Carolina
- Isle of Palms, South Carolina
- Myrtle Beach, South Carolina
- Galveston, Texas
- South Padre Island, Texas
- Virginia Beach, Virginia
See also
Notes
- ^ Seebad is a name for places with bathing culture and bathing tourism on the seashore. In Germany it is also a rating for health resorts that is given by the federal states. The prestigious title can be given to localities in which medical facilities are available for the implementation of spa measures.[1]
References
- ^ Smith, William (1854). "Baiae". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
- ^ Zeno Saracino: “Pompei in miniatura”: la storia di “Vallicula” o Barcola. In: Trieste All News, 29 September 2018.
- ^ Tyler, Sue (September 2009). West Mersea: Seaside Heritage Project (Report). Essex County Council. p. 5. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
- ^ ISBN 0-273-70161-4.
- ^ Bradley, Kimberly. "A Spa Town Reclaims Its Glory," New York Times. 3 June 2007.
- ^ "Blackpool History" (PDF). Blackpool Tourist Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2007. Retrieved 18 March 2007.
- ISBN 978-1-85828-881-9.
- ^ Walton, John K. "The seaside resort: a British cultural export". Department of Humanities, University of Central Lancashire.
- ^ Michael Nelson, Queen Victoria and the Discovery of the Riviera, Tauris Parke Paperbacks, 2007.
- ^ History of the World’s Luckiest Fishing Village Archived 16 November 2007 at the Wayback Machine The Destin Area Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 21 April 2009.
- ^ "Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania: Land of Lakes and Leisure - Germanfoods.org". 30 March 2008.
- ^ "German Riviera - Mecklenburg". www.german-riviera.com.
- ^ "Seaside resorts - Seaside resorts - Touristic sites - Destinations in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern". Tourismusverband Mecklenburg-Vorpommern e.V. 4 September 2021.
- ^ Ranked as the third best course outside the United States by Golf Digest in 2007 "GolfDigest.com - Planet Golf". Archived from the original on 27 April 2007. Retrieved 11 May 2007.
- ^ Resorts & Regions - visitmalta.com
- ^ "Seaside Resorts, Regions in Poland". excitingpoland.com. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
- ^ "Top 10 Beach Cities". 8 July 2010. Archived from the original on 12 July 2010. Retrieved 30 July 2010.
- ^ Movie "Worlds Best Beaches", Discovery Channel 2005
- ^ Ivor Wynne Jones. Llandudno Queen of Welsh Resorts (chapter 3 page 19) referring to the Liverpool Mercury
- ^ "Oh, why do we like to be beside the seaside?". BBC News. 28 September 2013. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
- ^ "Drop in day visitors to Brighton and Hove". BBC News. 11 October 2016.
- ^ "Day visitors to Brighton and Hove fall by a million". The Argus. 11 October 2016.
- ^ "Homeless camps and human excrement left in city centre". The Argus. 17 August 2019.
- ^ "Thatcher years in graphics". BBC News. 18 November 2005.
- ^ "Atlantic City Boardwalk". State of New Jersey. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
Further reading
- Tom Geoghegan (21 August 2006). "Wish you were (back) here?". BBC News. — Geoghegan looks at the economy of British seaside resorts and considers a possible resurgence in their popularity.
- Professor John Walton (1 March 2001). "The Victorian Seaside". British History. BBC. — Walton looks at the Victorian traditions that underpin British seaside holidays.
External links