Seattle metropolitan area
Seattle metropolitan area | |
---|---|
Seattle–Tacoma–Bellevue, WA MSA | |
Coordinates: 47°29′N 121°50′W / 47.49°N 121.83°W | |
Country | United States |
State | Washington |
Counties (MSA) | King, Pierce, Snohomish |
Largest city | Seattle (762,500) |
Other cities | |
Government | |
• PDT) | |
ZIP Code prefixes[5] | 980, 981, 982, 983, 984 |
Area codes | 206, 253, 360, 425, 564 |
FIPS code[6] | 53-42660 |
The Seattle metropolitan area is an
The area is considered part of the greater
Definition
As defined by the U.S. Census Bureau and the Office of Management and Budget, the Seattle metropolitan area is officially the Seattle–Tacoma–Bellevue, WA metropolitan statistical area (MSA) and consists of:[7][8]
- Everett metropolitan division
- Snohomish County: north of Seattle
- Seattle–Bellevue–Kent metropolitan division
- King County: Seattle and its immediate vicinity
- Tacoma–Lakewood metropolitan division
- Pierce County: south of Seattle
Based on commuting patterns, the adjacent metropolitan areas of
- Bremerton–Silverdale–Port Orchard metropolitan area
- Kitsap County: west of Seattle, separated from the city by Puget Sound
- Centralia micropolitan area
- Lewis County: south of Olympia
- Mount Vernon–Anacortes metropolitan area
- Skagit County: north of Everett
- Oak Harbor micropolitan area
- Island County: northwest of Everett, encompassing Whidbey Island and Camano Island in Puget Sound
- Olympia–Lacey–Tumwater metropolitan area
- Thurston County: southwest of Seattle, at the south end of Puget Sound
- Shelton micropolitan area
- Mason County: west of Tacoma and northwest of Olympia
Establishment and expansion
The Census Bureau adopted metropolitan districts in the 1910 census to create a standard definition for urban areas with industrial activity around a central city.[11] At the time, Seattle had the 22nd largest metropolitan district population at 239,269 people, a 195.8 percent increase from the population of the equivalent area in the 1900 census.[12] The Seattle metropolitan district was expanded to encompass the entirety of Lake Washington in the 1930 census and also included Edmonds in Snohomish County, Des Moines in southern King County, and portions of eastern Bainbridge Island in Kitsap County.[13] The district covered 209.9 square miles (544 km2), of which two-thirds was outside of Seattle proper, and counted a population of 420,663.[14]
The Seattle metropolitan area, successor to the metropolitan district, was expanded in 1949 to encompass all of King County but lose its portions in Kitsap and Snohomish counties. The local chamber of commerce and other leaders had lobbied for a definition that also included all of Kitsap, Pierce, and Snohomish counties in a manner similar to the Portland metropolitan area, which had been expanded to cover four counties in Oregon and southwestern Washington.[15][16] The Bureau of the Budget (now Office of Management and Budget) added Snohomish County to its definition of the Seattle metropolitan area in 1959. The definition had previously only encompassed King County; local leaders had sought to also include Pierce and Kitsap counties in a "Puget Sound metropolitan area".[17] Snohomish County had protested its inclusion and had sought a separate metropolitan area designation centered on Everett, which did not meet the population threshold of 50,000 residents.[18][19]
In the 1950 census, a separate metropolitan area for Tacoma was defined that encompassed all of Pierce County.[20][21] Kitsap County remained part of no metropolitan area despite its connections to both Seattle and Tacoma.[22] The Office of Management and Budget included the area in the Seattle–Tacoma standard consolidated statistical area in 1981;[23] it was replaced in 1983 by the Seattle–Tacoma consolidated metropolitan statistical area (CMSA).[24] The CMSA was expanded to include Bremerton and Olympia after the 1990 census and was the 12th largest in the country at the time.[25][26] The Office of Management and Budget restructured its classification system in 2003 and created the Seattle–Tacoma–Bellevue metropolitan statistical area to cover the tri-county region. A new Seattle–Tacoma–Olympia combined statistical area (CSA) replaced the CMSA and expanded to cover Island and Mason counties.[27][28] The Mount Vernon–Anacortes metropolitan area was created in 2003 to encompass Skagit County and added to the Seattle CSA in 2006;[29][30] the CSA was extended further south to Lewis County through the addition of the Centralia micropolitan area in 2013.[31]
Geography
The Seattle metropolitan area covers 6,309 square miles (16,340 km2) of land and water in
Cities
- Principal cities[8]
- Other cities[37]
- Arlington
- Bainbridge Island
- Beaux Arts Village
- Bonney Lake
- Bothell
- Bremerton
- Brier
- Buckley
- Burien
- Covington
- Des Moines
- Duvall
- Enumclaw
- Edmonds
- Federal Way
- Gig Harbor
- Gold Bar
- Granite Falls
- Issaquah
- Kenmore
- Kirkland
- Lake Forest Park
- Lake Stevens
- Lynnwood
- Maple Valley
- Marysville
- Mercer Island
- Mill Creek
- Monroe
- Mountlake Terrace
- Mount Vernon
- Mukilteo
- Newcastle
- Normandy Park
- North Bend
- Olympia
- Orting
- Puyallup
- Poulsbo
- Sammamish
- SeaTac
- Shoreline
- Silverdale
- Snohomish
- Snoqualmie
- Stanwood
- Sultan
- Sumner
- Tukwila
- Woodinville
- Woodway
Indian reservations
The Seattle metropolitan area is home to nine federally recognized tribes that belong to the indigenous Coast Salish peoples:[38]
- Muckleshoot Indian Tribe
- Nisqually Indian Tribe
- Port Gamble Band of S'Klallam Indians
- Puyallup Indian Tribe
- Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe
- Snoqualmie Indian Tribe
- Stillaguamish Tribe of Indians
- Suquamish Indian Tribe
- Tulalip Tribes
The tribes have sovereign governments that have authority over their enrolled members and the Indian reservations that were established in the region.[38] The reservations were created through treaties with the federal government that were not consistently honored and often combined several tribes together;[39] they were also open to settlement by non-Indians.[40]
Military installations
The Puget Sound region has approximately 83,705 U.S. Department of Defense personnel, including active duty members of the military and civilian workers at United States Armed Forces bases.[41][42] Major facilities in the area include Joint Base Lewis–McChord in Pierce County, the largest military base on the West Coast with over 25,000 active duty soldiers;[43] Naval Station Everett in Snohomish County; and Naval Air Station Whidbey Island in Island County.[41][44] The Kitsap Peninsula—part of the Seattle CSA—is home to Naval Base Kitsap, which includes the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard in Bremerton and Naval Submarine Base Bangor,[44] site of the third-largest arsenal of nuclear weapons in the world with more than 1,100 warheads for submarines.[45]
The region also has several major companies that serve as defense contractors for the U.S. military, comprising most of Washington's $6.9 billion awarded in fiscal year 2022. The largest contractors in the Seattle area include Boeing, PacMed, and Microsoft.[41][46] The Veterans Health Administration has 110,000 enrolled patients in the Puget Sound region, which includes a large population of retirees.[47]
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1870 | 4,128 | — | |
1880 | 11,616 | 181.4% | |
1890 | 123,443 | 962.7% | |
1900 | 189,518 | 53.5% | |
1910 | 464,659 | 145.2% | |
1920 | 601,090 | 29.4% | |
1930 | 706,220 | 17.5% | |
1940 | 775,815 | 9.9% | |
1950 | 1,120,448 | 44.4% | |
1960 | 1,428,803 | 27.5% | |
1970 | 1,832,896 | 28.3% | |
1980 | 2,093,112 | 14.2% | |
1990 | 2,559,164 | 22.3% | |
2000 | 3,043,878 | 18.9% | |
2010 | 3,439,809 | 13.0% | |
2020 | 4,018,762 | 16.8% | |
2023 (est.) | 4,044,837 | 0.6% | |
Calculated from county totals;[48] U.S. Census estimates[3] |
As of the 2020 census, there were 4,018,762 people in the three counties that form the Seattle metropolitan area, which comprises 52 percent of Washington's population.[2][49] It is the 15th largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States and among the fastest-growing in the country.[50] The overall population density was 685 inhabitants per square mile (264.5/km2). The population was 49.9% male and 50.1% female with a median age of 37.2 years old.[2]
The
There were 1,564,432 total households in the metropolitan area at the time of the 2020 census, of which 47.8% included a married couple, 8.1% included an unmarried cohabiting couple, 19.7% had a single male with no spouse or partner, and 24.4% single female with no spouse or partner. Out of all households, 29.8% had people under the age of 18 and 25.3% had people 65 years or older.[2] Approximately 18.3% of household residents were opposite-sex spouses, while 0.3% were same-sex spouses.[2]
According to a 2022 survey by the U.S. Census Bureau, approximately 17 percent of adult residents in the Seattle metropolitan area identified as
Counties
King County is the largest of the three counties in the metropolitan area with 2,269,675 people in 2020, or 56 percent of the population of the Seattle area.[55]
County | 2020 census[55] | 2010 census[55] | Change | Area | Density |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
King County | 2,269,675 | 1,931,249 | +17.52% | 2,115.56 sq mi (5,479.3 km2) | 1,035/sq mi (399/km2) |
Pierce County | 921,130 | 795,225 | +15.83% | 1,669.51 sq mi (4,324.0 km2) | 552/sq mi (213/km2) |
Snohomish County | 827,957 | 713,335 | +16.07% | 2,087.27 sq mi (5,406.0 km2) | 397/sq mi (153/km2) |
Total | 4,018,762 | 3,439,809 | +16.83% | 5,869.72 sq mi (15,202.5 km2) | 685/sq mi (264/km2) |
Religion
The Seattle metropolitan area has one of the largest populations of people in the United States who identify as nonreligious.[56] A 2024 Household Pulse Survey from the United States Census Bureau estimated that 64 percent of adults in the area do not attend religious services more than once a year, the highest percentage among large U.S. metropolitan areas.[57] According to the Pew Research Center's 2014 U.S. Religious Landscape Study, the Seattle metropolitan area's religious affiliation is as follows:[58]
Religious composition | 2014 |
---|---|
Christian | 52% |
— Evangelical Protestant
|
23% |
—Mainline Protestant | 10% |
— Black Protestant
|
1% |
Catholic | 15% |
Non-Christian Faiths | 10% |
—Jewish | 1% |
—Muslim | < 1% |
—Buddhist | 2% |
—Hindu | 2% |
Unaffiliated | 37% |
Don't know | 1% |
Income and wealth
The
The area is home to several of the
Housing and homelessness
The Seattle area has a
King County has the third largest population of
The county has 5,115 emergency
The January 2023 point-in-time survey conducted in Pierce County identified 2,148 people who were experiencing homelessness, of whom 59 percent were in shelters and 21 percent were unsheltered—either outdoors or in vehicles.
Economy
The region had a
Seattle is noted for its
The region also has a large
The region is a major hub for international trade and handles most of Washington's exports, which totaled $78 billion in 2018, through three major
The city has a major
Tourism
The Seattle area is a
The region has several convention centers that are able to host large events, such as trade shows, fan conventions, corporate meetings, and conferences. The first portion of the Seattle Convention Center (formerly the Washington State Convention Center) was built over Interstate 5 and opened in 1988;[137] it expanded to a second building in 2023 to meet growing demand for event space in Downtown Seattle.[138] The convention center can hold simultaneous events and has over 1.5 million square feet (140,000 m2) of exhibition and meeting space.[139] Its largest annual events include PAX West (formerly the Penny Arcade Expo), Emerald City Comic Con, Sakura-Con, and the Northwest Flower and Garden Show, which each attract over 10,000 attendees.[140] Smaller convention centers in the area include the Meydenbauer Center in Bellevue, the Lynnwood Event Center, and the Greater Tacoma Convention and Trade Center.[141][142]
The areas outside of Seattle proper attract fewer tourists and draw largely from local and regional visitors. In Snohomish County, a majority of visitors in 2019 were from Western Washington and included a large number from within the metropolitan area.
Government and politics
The Seattle MSA comprises three counties, nine
All three counties have a home rule charter and are led by an elected county executive and a county council with members representing geographic districts.[154][155] The elections for the county executive and council, along with other major offices, are held in even-numbered years for Pierce County and odd-numbered years in King and Snohomish counties.[156][157] The county governments are responsible for various duties for all residents that are generally delegated to other elected and appointed officials, including the assessor, clerk, coroner and medical examiner, prosecuting attorney, and treasurer.[158] These duties include organization of elections and voter registration, enforcement of land use regulations, management of vital records, property assessment, tax collection, public health, and building inspections.[150][159] The counties also manage the criminal justice system, including the superior and district courts, public defenders, and jails.[160]
The
The Seattle MSA is part of seven
Education
Public
The largest school district in the metropolitan area is
The Seattle area has hundreds of registered private schools that serve over 50,000 students and offer alternative curriculums or religious education.[184][185][186] The largest private schools in the area are Cedar Park Christian School and King's Schools, both Christian programs.[187] Since a state referendum in 2012, charter schools have been approved to operate in the area using using public funding while remaining privately-run.[188] These non-district schools are also overseen by the educational service district of their respective region;[189] they are also allowed to participate in the same athletics competitions as public schools under the management of the Washington Interscholastic Activities Association.[184]
Higher education
The Seattle area has several universities and colleges that provide post-secondary education and are run by public or private institutions.[190] According to the National Center for Education Statistics, approximately 45 percent of people in the Seattle–Tacoma–Olympia combined statistical area in 2019 had a bachelor's degree or higher—the tenth-highest rate in the United States.[191] This includes a high number of out-of-state adults who reside in the metropolitan area; according to a 2015 Brookings Institution study, 48% of out-of-state adults had a bachelor's degree or higher compared to 35% of in-state adults.[192]
The oldest and largest public university in the state is University of Washington (UW), which was founded in 1861 and has over 60,000 total students in nearly 500 programs at its three campuses.[193] The 342-acre (138 ha) main campus in Seattle was established in 1895 after moving from Downtown Seattle;[194] it was joined in 1990 by branch institutions in Bothell and Tacoma that later built permanent campuses in the late 1990s and early 2000s.[195][196] UW is also a major research university with an annual budget of $10.4 billion and one of the largest employers in the metropolitan area.[193][197] The state's second-largest institution, Washington State University, has an Everett branch campus that was established in 2011 after plans for a UW branch campus were shelved amid the Great Recession.[198]
The area has 17
Media
The Seattle–Tacoma
All major national television networks have affiliates in the region who also produce local news broadcasts and other programming;[212] these include KOMO 4 (ABC), KING 5 (NBC), KIRO 7 (CBS), and KCPQ 13 (Fox).[213][214] The Seattle area has two non-profit stations that are members of PBS, the U.S. national public broadcaster: KCTS in Seattle and KBTC in Tacoma.[215] The region's largest Spanish-language television station, KUNS, lost its Univision affiliation in 2023 and was replaced by Bellingham-based KVOS, which did not produce local news content.[216] National news television network MSNBC was launched jointly by Microsoft and NBC in 1996; its online news operations were based in Redmond until 2012.[217]
The largest radio stations in the Seattle area by listenership are primarily
The region has three major newspapers based in the largest cities of each county:
Other newspapers include free weeklies The Stranger and Seattle Weekly, which both ceased regular print publication by 2020;[230][233] trade and industry publications Puget Sound Business Journal and Seattle Daily Journal of Commerce;[229][234] and student newspaper The Daily of the University of Washington.[229] The region also has publications in English and other languages for ethnic communities. These include Asian-American publications International Examiner, Northwest Asian Weekly, and the Seattle Chinese Post;[235] and the Seattle Medium and The Facts, both catered towards the Black community.[236] Real Change, a weekly street newspaper, has been published since 1994 and is sold by homeless and low-income vendors with an estimated annual circulation of 550,000 copies.[237] Several digital-only publications emerged in the 2000s and 2010s to provide local news, including Crosscut.com, tech industry publication GeekWire, and hyperlocal outlets Capitol Hill Seattle Blog and West Seattle Blog.[238]
Libraries
The Seattle metropolitan area has several local public library systems that are funded primarily by property taxes that are set by voter-approved levies within a designated library district.[239] These include library districts that cover most of a county—either through direct annexation or contracted by local governments—or a department of the city government.[240][241] Some cities have opted out of having library systems after voters rejected the proposed property tax to fund services.[241] The earliest public libraries in the region were established in the late 19th century by private organizations that were later absorbed into city governments; the first was in Steilacoom in 1858 and was followed by a Seattle organization in 1868.[242] Several city libraries and local branches were constructed across the metropolitan area with grants from industrialist Andrew Carnegie beginning in 1901.[243] In addition to public libraries, the region also has informal public bookcases (part of the Little Free Library movement) and neighborhood tool libraries that lend tools and materials.[244][245]
The King County Library System is the largest library in the region, with 50 branches and a total circulation of nearly 18.9 million physical and digital items as of 2022[update].[246][247] It was established as a rural library district in 1943 and absorbed most of the city-operated systems in King County, with the exception of the Seattle Public Library, by 2012.[248] The independent Seattle system has 27 locations, including its Central Library in Downtown Seattle, and had a 2022 circulation of 11 million items.[247][249] The Sno-Isle Libraries system serves most of Snohomish and Island counties and has 23 locations that circulated 7.4 million items in 2022;[247] Sno-Isle does not serve the city of Everett, which operates the two locations of the Everett Public Library.[250] Pierce County has a county library system with 20 locations that circulated 4.8 million items in 2022 and separate, city-run libraries in Tacoma with eight locations and Puyallup with one location.[247] In 2016, the King County, Sno-Isle, and Seattle systems were among the three largest libraries in the United States by circulation.[251] The King County and Seattle systems were also among the heaviest users of digital lending platform OverDrive by circulation worldwide in 2023, each with more than 5 million checkouts.[252]
Healthcare
The metropolitan area has 23 hospitals that provide emergency or specialized medical care and are operated by public authorities or private organizations.
The Seattle area also has specialized medical facilities that serve the Pacific Northwest or wider regions of the United States.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that about 5.7 percent of annual spending for residents in the Seattle metropolitan area was on healthcare.[268] According to a 2022 estimate by the United States Census Bureau, approximately 5.3 percent of people in the Seattle metropolitan area lack health insurance.[269] As of 2021[update], the largest insurer in the region is Mountlake Terrace-based Premera Blue Cross, followed by Cambia Health Solutions and Kaiser Permanente.[270] Nearly 900,000 people in the tri-county region are enrolled in Washington Apple Health, a no-cost health insurance program managed by the state government under the federal Medicaid system.[271] An additional 533,000 people in the area were enrolled in Medicare in 2018.[272]
The region has several local
Transportation
Airports
The largest airport in the region is Seattle–Tacoma International Airport in SeaTac, a major international airport that serves as a commercial hub for Alaska Airlines and Delta Air Lines.[279] It is operated by the Port of Seattle and lies between Seattle and Tacoma; both cities contributed financially to its construction, which was completed in 1944 for military use and later expanded for commercial aviation.[280] Sea-Tac served 46 million passengers in 2022 and was the 11th busiest airport in the United States and 21st busiest in the world by passenger volume.[281] As of 2023[update], the airport has 91 domestic destinations and 28 international destinations in North America, Asia, Europe, and Oceania.[282][283]
The area's other conventional passenger airport is Paine Field in Everett, 30 miles (48 km) north of Downtown Seattle. The airport is owned by the Snohomish County government and primarily used for general aviation and various industries, including the nearby Boeing Everett Factory. The passenger terminal, operated by a private company, opened in 2019 and serves domestic destinations, primarily in the Western United States.[284] As of 2023[update], Alaska Airlines is the sole airline at Paine Field and serves up to eleven destinations during peak seasons.[282]
Proposals to build a reliever airport for Sea-Tac were investigated in the 1990s prior to the decision to build a third runway at the airport to handle increased traffic.[285] The state legislature convened a new commission in 2019 to search for a suitable site for a reliever airport, which could include expansion of Paine Field or construction of an outlying airport by 2040.[286] The commission identified four sites in the southern Puget Sound region but was dissolved before a final recommendation due to public opposition to a new airport.[287]
Limited passenger service is also available from Boeing Field in Seattle, which primarily serves cargo and charter traffic.[283][288] Kenmore Air, a passenger floatplane operator, serves two airports in the area: the Kenmore Air Harbor Seaplane Base on Lake Union in Seattle and Kenmore Air Harbor on Lake Washington in Kenmore.[289] The metropolitan area's other general-use airports include Arlington Municipal Airport in northern Snohomish County;[290] Bremerton National Airport in Kitsap County;[291] the privately-owned Harvey Airfield in Snohomish;[292] and Renton Municipal Airport, adjacent to Lake Washington and the Boeing Renton Factory.[293]
Roads and highways
The Seattle area has a
In addition to streets and roads under the jurisdiction of the local and county governments, the state legislature designates a network of state highways that are maintained by the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT).[300][301] These highways are primarily funded by the state government through a fuel tax and annual fees on vehicle registration that are collected by other departments.[302][303] Several highways connect beyond the Puget Sound region, including crossings of the Cascade Mountains through mountain passes—of which three have winter access during normal weather.[304] Some city streets in the state highway system, such as Aurora Avenue North on State Route 99 (SR 99), have shared jurisdiction or ownership between WSDOT and local governments.[305][306]
The state highway system comprises undivided highways as well as
Other major freeways in the area include
The region's freeway system includes a network of
Railroads
The region is served by two
Mass transit
The Seattle metropolitan area has seven major transit agencies that provide
The largest local transit agency is King County Metro, which operates buses, paratransit, vanpools, and rideshare in King County. It also operates an electric trolleybus network in Seattle as well as the city's streetcar system.[341] Metro is one of the largest bus agencies in the United States by ridership, carrying 63.6 million annual passengers in 2022.[337] Snohomish County has two transit providers: Community Transit, which serves most of the county and also operates commuter express service to Seattle; and Everett Transit, which serves the city.[342] Other providers include Pierce Transit in Tacoma and Pierce County; Kitsap Transit in Kitsap County;[343] and Intercity Transit in Olympia and Thurston County, which operates fare-free.[344]
Ferries
The state-run
The King County Marine Division operates the King County Water Taxi, a passenger ferry service that connects Downtown Seattle to West Seattle and Vashon Island.[353] The Vashon Island run was formerly a passenger ferry operated by Washington State Ferries from 1990 until 2006, when the state government cut its funding; the county government later acquired the service under a new ferry district.[354] The passenger-only Kitsap Fast Ferries system operated by Kitsap Transit connects a terminal near Colman Dock to three terminals on the Kitsap Peninsula.[355] Kitsap Transit launched the system's first route, Seattle–Bremerton, in 2017 to provide a faster alternative to the existing state ferry run; it expanded using a fleet of catamarans designed for low wakes.[356] The agency also runs a passenger-only foot ferry between Bremerton and two terminals in Port Orchard using the historic Carlisle II and other boats.[357][358] The Port of Everett runs a seasonal passenger ferry between Everett and Jetty Island in Possession Sound.[359] These services are similar to that of the historic Mosquito Fleet, a collective name for passenger ferries operated on Puget Sound from the 1880s to 1920s.[360]
In addition to public operators, several private ferry and excursion services are based in the Seattle area. The
Utilities
There are six
The region derives most of its
Residential and commercial
The Seattle metropolitan area has several
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