Second Sacred War
Second Sacred War | |||||||
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Part of the First Peloponnesian War | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Phocis |
The Second Sacred War was the Spartan defeat of the Phocians at Delphi and the restoration of Delphian self-government.
Background
In 458 or 457 BC, the Phocians captured three towns in the Spartan metropolis of Doris. A Spartan army marched on Doris, defeated the Phocians, and restored Dorian rule. On their way back to Peloponnese, an Athenian force attacked the Spartan army but were repelled, and the Spartans returned home. After the Five Years' Truce, Sparta embarked on a campaign of truncating "Athens' imperialistic ambitions in Central Greece".[1]
Conflict
The Second Sacred War (
Dating of Conflict
Accepting the writings of the Greek historian Philochorus, a group of historians led by Karl Julius Beloch, Benjamin Dean Meritt, Theodore Wade-Gery and Malcolm Francis McGregor argued that the Spartan ejection of the Phocians occurred in 449 BC, and that the Athenians re-installed them in 447 BC.[5][6] An alternative view was put forward by historians led by Arnold Wycombe Gomme and Felix Jacoby who rejected Philochorus' chronology. Instead, they asserted that both marches on Delphi happened in 448 BC.[7][8][9][10][11]
Comment
This Sacred War and the Third were the only two to be referred to as such in classical antiquity.[1] As of 1997[update], there was no extant evidence that these changes in Delphian governance had any effect on pilgrims to Pythia.[3][relevant? ]
References
- ^ hdl:2429/26920.
- VIAF 182669534
- ^ ISBN 0-415-12775-0.
- ^ Plutarch (1859) [2nd century], Περικλής [Pericles], Βίοι Παράλληλοι [Parallel Lives] (in Ancient Greek), translated by Dryden, John; Clough, Arthur Hugh, p. XXI
- OCLC 697776390. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
- OCLC 25343903.
- LCCN 45004190.
- OCLC 1568337.
- E. J. Brill.
- ISBN 0-19-814296-X.
- Gerald Duckworth and Company.