Secular Order of Discalced Carmelites
Ordo Carmelitarum Discalceatorum Saecularis | |
Abbreviation | OCDS |
---|---|
Formation | 1452 |
Founder | John Soreth |
Type | Third order |
Headquarters | Casa Generalizia dei Carmelitani Scalzi, Corso d’Italia 38, 00198 Rome, Italy |
Affiliations | Discalced Carmelites |
Website | www |
The Secular Order of Discalced Carmelites (
Secular Discalced Carmelites profess promises to strive to live evangelical perfection in the spirit of the
Members of the OCDS are distinct from the third order known as the Lay Carmelites (TOCarm), who are instead associated with the Carmelites.
History
When the Discalced Carmelites were juridically erected in 1593, its superiors retained the power granted by Pope Nicholas V in the bull "Cum nulla fidelium conventio" of 7 October 1452 to incorporate lay persons as members of the Order. However, the Order forbade lay persons from membership and incorporated this decision into the Constitutions of 1581 and 1592.[5] After the Discalced Carmelites were divided in 1600 into the Spanish and Italian congregations, both of these maintained exclusion of lay persons but included as an apostolate investing lay persons with their Scapular.[citation needed]
In the late 17th century, efforts were made that led to the erection of a secular order, beginning in Belgium and then in France and Italy. In 1699 a rule of life for seculars was privately published with provincial approval in Liège, Belgium. In 1708 in Marseille, France, a full Carmelite rule of life for secular women was published, being the first known and true rule of life for the Third Secular Order (as it was them styled), and ostensibly bearing the authority of the whole Order. The Rule of Marseille seems to recognize the presence of already existing Third Secular Order communities in France, Spain, Italy, Germany, and Belgium and attempt to impose some degree of uniformity on independent Secular Order communities. The Rule of Marseille was translated into Latin during the end of the 18th Century. In 1848 a short book on the Third Order, the "Breve [C]ompendio", was published in Florence, Italy, being merely an abridged version of the Rule of Marseille. On 8 January 1883 the Definitor General of the Order revised the Breve Compendio and officially imposed it on the whole Third Order. This was in force until it was superseded on 25 October 1911, when the Definitor General imposed the "Manuale of the Third Secular Order". The Manuale was approved by the Holy See on 3 March 1921. This document was revised on 26 October 1970 and approved by the Holy See as the Rule of Life.[6] The Rule of Life was superseded by the current OCDS Constitutions, which were approved by the Holy See on 16 June 2003.[citation needed]
Charism
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The Seculars' vocation is to live the Carmelite spirituality as Seculars and not as mere imitators of Carmelite monastic life.
Secular Carmelites order their lives according to the ancient Rule of Saint Albert, as does the whole Discalced Carmelite Order, according to the OCDS Constitutions specific to the Secular Order, and according to the provincial statutes applicable to the particular province of the Order which includes their communities. These three sources of legislation, in that order, move from general to more particular rules which are approved by the Church for their particular vocation and circumstances.
The primary, daily obligations of the Seculars are to engage in silent, mental prayer, to pray Morning Prayer (Lauds) and Evening Prayer (Vespers) of the Liturgy of the Hours (Divine Office), and to attend daily Mass and pray Night Prayer (Compline) when possible. Lectio Divina and spiritual retreats are also highly encouraged.
As models of this ancient way of life, they study the writings and imitate the lives of the many saints of the Discalced Carmelite Order, especially St.
Spiritually mature members receiving the recommendation of the local council of their OCDS community and the approval of their provincial superior are permitted to profess vows of chastity and obedience to their community, which are strictly personal and do not translate into a separate class of membership.[9]
Membership
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Depending on their existing provincial statutes and with the approval of their local council, their communities accept Catholics in good standing in the Church who meet the age requirement into formation.[10][11] Admission into formation depends on a clear indication of a Carmelite vocation and maturity in faith in the opinion of the local council of the community petitioned, and permission to profess the Promise of the Seculars requires a number of years spent in spiritual formation and the study of contemplative prayer under the direction of the community's formators.[11] Catholics begin by discovering a community of Seculars which they visit for monthly meetings and may eventually join. Communities are listed in online provincial directories (see bibliography below).
Seculars are not members of the Scapular Confraternity,
Seculars, after the tradition of the Friars and Nuns, take a religious name and title of devotion. The custom is increasing of retaining the person's surname and/or given name depending on suitability. The name taken is generally only used in Carmelite contexts, and members use the postnominal initials "OCDS" after their legal names.
The Order throughout the world
Seculars are spread throughout the world in various communities, with each community canonically erected,
The Order has many members in the Philippines, which it attributes to the great devotion to Our Lady of Mount Carmel in that nation.[15]
References
- ^ OCDS Constitution #11
- ^ a b OCDS Constitution #1
- ^ "Secular Order", Discalced Carmelite Friars, Washington Province
- ^ OCDS Constitution #41
- ^ Otilio Rodriguez, OCD, Appendix I: The Third Order of the Teresian Carmel; Its Origin and History, pages 128-30, in Michael D. Griffin, OCD, Commentary on the Rule of Life (superseded) (The Growth in Carmel Series; Hubertus, Wisconsin: Teresian Charism Press, 1981), pages 127-36
- ^ Otilio Rodriguez, OCD, Appendix I: The Third Order of the Teresian Carmel; Its Origin and History, pages 130-4, in Michael D. Griffin, OCD, Commentary on the Rule of Life (superseded) (The Growth in Carmel Series; Hubertus, Wisconsin: Teresian Charism Press, 1981), pages 127-36
- ^ Carmelite Seculars and the Apostolate of the Order by P. Aloysius Deeney, OCD
- ^ OCDS Constitution #36b
- ^ OCDS Constitution #39
- ^ OCDS Provincial Statutes-Washington Province Archived 2010-10-17 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b OCDS Philippines Provincial Statutes
- ^ A Catechesis on the Brown Scapular Archived 2016-01-09 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ OCDS Constitution #49
- ^ OCDS Constitution #48
- ^ OCDS Philippines Archived 2009-04-08 at the Wayback Machine
Sources
- The Rule of St. Albert and the Constitutions of the Secular Order of Discalced Carmelites (OCDS), 2003.
Bibliography
- "The Rule of Life", The Secular Order of Discalced Carmelites, 1979.
- Welcome to the Secular Order of Discalced Carmelites, by P. Aloysius Deeney, OCD, ICS Publications, 2009, ISBN 978-0-935216-75-2.
- Otilio Rodriguez, OCD, Appendix I: The Third Order of the Teresian Carmel; Its Origin and History, in Michael D. Griffin, OCD, Commentary on the Rule of Life (superseded) (The Growth in Carmel Series; Hubertus, Wisconsin: Teresian Charism Press, 1981), pages 127–36.
External links
- The Rule of St. Albert and the Constitution of the OCDS
- Discalced Carmelite Order (including the OCDS)
- USA National Council of the OCDS
- Washington Province of the OCDS (Eastern USA)
- California-Arizona Province of the OCDS (Western USA)
- OCDS Subic, Zambales, Philippines.
- Meditations from Carmel
- Secular Order of Discalced Carmelites in San Diego, California, USA
- Our Lady of Confidence and St. Joseph Secular Order of Discalced Carmelites, Savannah, Georgia, USA
- [1]
- A commentary on the traditional rule of the Discalced Carmelite Third Order.