Secunderabad
Secunderabad | |
---|---|
Secunderabad West metro station, Parade Ground metro station | |
Established | 1806 |
Founded by | Sikander Jah, Asaf Jah III |
Named for | Sikander Jah, Asaf Jah III |
Government | |
• Type | Municipal Corporation |
• Body | Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation UTC+5:30 (IST) |
Pincode(s) | 500 xxx |
Telephone code | 91-040 |
Vehicle registration | TS-10[2]/AP 10(Old) |
Website | ghmc |
Secunderabad, also spelled as Sikandarabad
Geographically divided from Hyderabad by the Hussain Sagar lake, Secunderabad is no longer a separate municipal unit and has become part of Hyderabad's Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation. Both cities are collectively known as Hyderabad and together form the sixth-largest metropolis in India. Being one of the largest cantonments in India, Secunderabad has a large presence of army and air force personnel.[4][5]
History
Following the dissolution of the Chalukya empire into four parts in the 11th century, the areas around the present-day Hyderabad and Secunderabad came under the control of the Kakatiya dynasty (1158–1310), whose seat of power was at Warangal, 148 km (92 mi) northeast of modern Hyderabad.[7]
In 1310, the area of present-day Hyderabad and Secunderabad came under the rule of the
The area around Secunderabad changed hands among various rulers, and the area was part of Nizam's Hyderabad by the 18th century.[8][9]
Modern Secunderabad was founded as a British
The twin cities are separated by the man-made
Secunderabad Municipality was first formed in 1945. Later in 1950, along with Hyderabad Municipality, it was upgraded to Secunderabad Municipal Corporation under the Hyderabad Corporation Act, 1950. In 1960, by the Hyderabad Municipal Corporation Act of 1955, Secunderabad Municipal Corporation was merged with Hyderabad Corporation to form a single municipal corporation.
Post-Independence, the
Geography
Situated in the North of Hyderabad at 17°27′N 78°30′E / 17.45°N 78.5°E.,[19] Secunderabad lies on the northern part of the Deccan Plateau.[18][20] Secunderabad has an average elevation of 543 metres (1781 ft). Most of the area has a rocky terrain and some areas are hilly.
Secunderabad is 1,566 kilometres (973 mi) south of Delhi, 699 kilometres (434 mi) southeast of
Climate
Secunderabad has a
Winter lasts for only about 2+1⁄2 months, during which the lowest temperature occasionally dips to 10 °C (50 °F) in December and January.[22] May is the hottest month, with average daily lows of 26 °C (79 °F) and highs of 38.8 °C (102 °F). January is the coldest month with average lows of 14.7 °C (58 °F) and highs of 28.6 °C (83 °F).[23]
Climate data for Secunderabad India (1951–1980) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 28.6 (83.5) |
31.8 (89.2) |
35.2 (95.4) |
37.6 (99.7) |
38.8 (101.8) |
34.4 (93.9) |
30.5 (86.9) |
29.6 (85.3) |
30.1 (86.2) |
30.4 (86.7) |
28.8 (83.8) |
27.8 (82.0) |
32.0 (89.6) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 14.7 (58.5) |
17.0 (62.6) |
20.3 (68.5) |
24.1 (75.4) |
26.0 (78.8) |
23.9 (75.0) |
22.5 (72.5) |
22.0 (71.6) |
21.7 (71.1) |
20.0 (68.0) |
16.4 (61.5) |
14.1 (57.4) |
20.2 (68.4) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 3.2 (0.13) |
5.2 (0.20) |
12.0 (0.47) |
21.0 (0.83) |
37.3 (1.47) |
96.1 (3.78) |
163.9 (6.45) |
171.1 (6.74) |
185.5 (7.30) |
90.9 (3.58) |
16.2 (0.64) |
6.1 (0.24) |
812.5 (31.99) |
Source: [24] |
Administration
- Secunderabad City
- Secunderabad Cantonment Board
Demographics
Secunderabad had a population of 204,182.[
Culture
The camp transformed into an English town, and then into a truly cosmopolitan city where the Anglo-Indians, who had a colony popularly called “Little England”, rubbed shoulders with the Mudaliars of Tamil Nadu, the Rajasthani trading community, the Parsis, and the Sikhs, as the historian Narendra Luther book Laskar vividly captures the flavour in the chapter, “Colours of the rainbow”.
Due to the presence of communities such as
The popular
Many outdoor events such as the
Economy
Government
The Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC), established in 2007, is responsible for the administration and infrastructure of Secunderabad. Secunderabad Municipality was first formed in 1945. Later in 1950, along with Hyderabad Municipality, it was upgraded to Secunderabad Municipal Corporation under the Hyderabad Corporation Act of 1950. In 1960, by the Hyderabad Municipal Corporation Act of 1955, Secunderabad Municipal Corporation was merged with Hyderabad Corporation to form a single Municipal Corporation.[18] During Nizam's period, Secunderabad Cantonment was under the control of the British Raj. Today those areas, and most parts of Secunderabad where defence installations are located, is under the purview of Secunderabad Cantonment Board. There are eight civilian wards in Secunderabad Cantonment Board, with a population of four lakh.[34]
Secunderabad Municipality office which was located on Sardar Patel Road is to be demolished for the metro rail project. The new office is located at West Marredpally.[35][needs update]
Secunderabad forms a part of
Media
Major English dailies Deccan Chronicle and Financial Chronicle and the Telugu daily Andhra Bhoomi are published from Secunderabad. FM radio Radio Mirchi is located at SP Road in Secunderabad.
Sports
The most-popular sport played in Secunderabad is cricket.[42] During pre-independence era Secunderabad had various sports facilities built for serving Englishmen.[43][44] Presently, no major stadiums are located in Secunderabad. However some open grounds belonging to railways and military establishments are used for various sporting activities. These are Gymkhana Ground, Parade Ground, Polo Ground, Bollarum Golf Course and Railway Golf Course.
Various state sports associations such as Amateur Boxing Association, Basketball Association, Women's Cricket Association, Sculling and Rowing Association, and Hyderabad Hockey Association are located in Secunderabad[45]
Transport
The most commonly used forms of medium-distance transport in Secunderabad include government-owned services such as light railways and
The city is the headquarters of the
Secunderabad is the hub for the city bus transport run by the TSRTC and is connected to major destinations of both Hyderabad and Secunderabad. Major bus stations are the Jubilee Bus Station and the Rathifile Bus.
The
The nearest airport is
Education
Schools in Secunderabad, similar to other schools in Hyderabad and other parts of Telangana follow a 10+2+3 plan. Schools are a mix of publicly and privately run institutions, with two-thirds of students in private schools.[49] Languages of instruction include English, Hindi, Urdu,[50] and Telugu. Depending on the institution students are studying in, they are required to sit in the Secondary School Certificate[51] or the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education. After completing secondary education, students enrol in schools or junior colleges with a higher secondary facility. Due to the prolonged presence of the British, Secunderabad has convent schools established by Christian missionaries.
Research institutes such as
Notable people
- Gummadi Vittal Rao, Poet Writer, revolutionary Telugu balladeer and local activist from pre-independence.
- Dasaradhi Rangacharya, Telugu Writer, Sahitya Akademi Award winner.
- Sunil Chhetri, most-capped Indian international footballer and the all-time top goalscorer.[52]
- Shyam Benegal, film director and screenwriter
- M. L. Jaisimha, test cricketer and TV commentator[53]
- Diana Hayden, 1997 Femina Miss India and 1997 Miss World winner
- Padmapriya Janakiraman, film actress and model
- Tanikella Bharani, actor, writer and film director
- K. N. T. Sastry, writer and film director, film critic and journalist
- James Yates, English cricketer
- Tharun Bhascker, actor, writer and film director
- Ajith Kumar, Tamil film actor
- Kenneth Anderson, writer
See also
Notes
- ^ Secunderabad is the anglicized spelling in British English, and Sikandarābād is the romanized spelling from Deccani language.
References
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External links
- Secunderabad Community, Secunderabad Community Website
- Hyderabad-india.net, Hyderabad info
- hyderabad.org.uk, history of Secunderabad