Segolate
Segolates are words in the
These words evolved from older Semitic words that ended in a complex coda; indeed, when a suffix (other than an absolute plural) is added to a segolate, the original form (or something similar) reappears (cf. kéleḇ "dog" vs. kalbī "my dog").[citation needed]
Examples:[citation needed]
| *Ancient | Tiberian | Stem | Meaning | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *ʼarṥ | אֶרֶץ, אָרֶץ | ʼéreṣ, ʼā́reṣ | אַרְצ־ | ʼarṣ- | earth; land |
| *ʼurn | אֹרֶן | ʼṓren | אָרְנ־ | ʼorn- | pine tree |
| *baʻl | בַּעַל, בָּעַל | báʻal, bā́ʻal | בַּעֲל־ | baʻăl- | husband |
| *zarʻ | זֶרַע, זָרַע | zéraʻ, zā́raʻ | זַרְע־ | zarʻ- | seed |
| *yayn | יַיִן, יָיִן | yáyin, yā́yin | יֵינ־ | yên- | wine |
| *milḥ | מֶלַח | mélaḥ | מַלְח־ | malḥ- | salt |
| *milk | מֶלֶך | méleḵ | מַלְכּ־ | malk- | king |
| *kalb | כֶּלֶב, כָּלֶב | kéleḇ, kā́leḇ | כַּלְבּ־ | kalb- | dog |
| *laḥy | לֶחִי, לְחִי | léḥî, ləḥî | לֶחֱי־ | leḥĕy- | cheek; tool jaw |
| *ʻibr | עֵבֶר | ʻḖḇer | עִבְר־ | ʻiḇr- | Eber |
| *ʻayn | עַיִן, עָיִן | ʻáyin, ʻā́yin | עֵינ־ | ʻên- | eye |
| *ṣidq | צֶדֶק | ṣéḏeq | צִדְק־ | ṣiḏq-[dubious ] | righteousness |
The ancient forms like *CawC (such as šawr "bull") almost universally evolved to non-segolate CôC (שׁוֹר šôr), though there are exceptions, such as מָוֶת mā́weṯ "death".[citation needed]
Some segolate words' final syllable ends with a patach rather than a segol, due to the influence of guttural consonants (ה, ע, א, ח) in the final syllable.[citation needed]
Classical Arabic still preserves forms similar to the reconstructed Ancient Hebrew forms, although significantly simplified.[1] Examples include ʼarḍ "earth", kalb "dog", ʻayn "eye", ṣidq "sincerity".
Some modern dialects insert an
References
- ISSN 0003-0279. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
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