Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw

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Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw
Wallis Budge of a fragment of a red granite architrave discovered in Bubastis and bearing the name of Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw.[1]
Pharaoh
Reign1775–1772 BC (Ryholt); 1–2 years (Baker); 1752-1746 BC (Schneider)
CoregencyHor?
PredecessorHor
SuccessorDjedkheperew
Royal titulary
Horus name
Khabaw
Ḫˁj-b3w
The apparition of the
Bas
G5
xaG30
Nebty name
Wehemdjed
Wḥm-ḏd
Permanent renewal
G16
wHmDdDd
Golden Horus
Ankhrenput
ˁnḫ-rnpwt
Living of years
G8
anxM4M4M4
Prenomen  (Praenomen)
Sekemrekhutawy
Sḫm-Rˁ-ḫwj-t3wj
Mighty Ra, he who protects the two lands
M23
t		 L2
t		 <
rasxmD43
N19
>
Nomen
Unknown, possibly "Sobek"[2]
Father
13th Dynasty

Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw was an

Second Intermediate Period
.

Attestations

Khabaw is well attested through archaeological finds.

Bubastis, architrave BM EA 1100

Fragments of a red granite architrave measuring 2 feet 6 inches (0.76 m) by 5 feet 11 inches (1.80 m) bearing his Horus name and prenomen were discovered during excavations at Bubastis in 1891 conducted by Édouard Naville for the Egypt Exploration Society.[1][3] The architrave is now in the British Museum, under the catalog number BM EA 1100.

Tanis, architrave

Another architrave discovered in

coregent.[4]

Ryholt and Baker believe that both architraves did not originate from the Delta region but from

Ramses II, when this king built his capital at Pi-Ramesses using material from Avaris. Pi-Ramesses was subsequently dismantled during the 21st Dynasty and its monuments scattered in the Delta region.[2][5]

Cylinder-seals

Petrie Museum UC 11527.[6][7]

Khabaw is attested by a cylinder-seal now in the

Petrie Museum (UC 11527).[7]

Nubia, seal-impressions

In Nubia, he is attested by 4 seal impressions from the fortress of Uronarti and one from the fortress of Mirgissa.[2]

King Lists

The Turin canon does not mention Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw. Nor is he mentioned in any other ancient king list.[8]

According to Ryholt, Khabaw's name was lost in a wsf (literally "missing") lacuna of the Turin canon reported in Column 7, line 17 of the document. The redactor of this king list, which was written in the early

Ramesside period, wrote wsf when the older document from which he was copying the list had a lacuna.[2]

Identity

The

nomen of Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw is unknown and his identity is therefore not completely established. Ryholt has proposed Khabaw's nomen could have been "Sobek", as this nomen is attested from artifacts which must belong to a king of the first half of the 13th Dynasty. Only two kings of this time period have their nomina unknown: Khabaw and Nerikare. "Sobek" may thus possibly be the nomen of Khabaw.[2]

On the other hand, Jürgen von Beckerath identified Khabaw's nomen as Pantjeny, thereby equating Khabaw with

Rahotep. The latter is firmly dated to the early 17th Dynasty c. 1580 BC and thus Pantjeny must have ruled c. 1600 BC, possibly at the end of the 16th Dynasty.[10] Alternatively, Pantjeny could be a member of the Abydos Dynasty, which ruled over central Egypt from c. 1650 BC until 1600 BC.[2]

Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep, called Sobekhotep I or Sobekhotep II depending on the scholar. This hypothesis is considered incorrect by most Egyptologists including von Beckerath, Detlef Franke, Ryholt and Anthony Spalinger[11] Von Beckerath and Franke point out that although both kings have the same throne name, their other names are completely different. Spalinger argues that the Nile records of Nubia associated to Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep cannot be attributed to Khabaw.[11] Responding to these arguments, Stephen Quirke pointed out that the Horus and gold names of Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep are known from a single block from Medamud, the attribution of which is not entirely certain.[12]

Theories

According to the egyptologist Kim Ryholt, he was the sixteenth king of the dynasty, reigning for three years, from 1775 BC until 1772 BC.[2] Thomas Schneider, on the other hand, places his reign from 1752 BC until 1746 BC.[13] Alternatively, Jürgen von Beckerath sees him as the third king of the dynasty.[14][15][9] As a ruler of the early 13th Dynasty, Khabaw would have ruled from Memphis to Aswan and possibly over the western Nile Delta.[4]

See also

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Khabaw Sekhemrekhutawy.
  1. ^
    Wallis Budge: Hieroglyphic Texts, V (1914) see p. 7 and pl. 18, available copyright-free online
    .
  2. ^ a b c d e f g K.S.B. Ryholt, The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c. 1800 – 1550 BC, Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, vol. 20. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 1997, excerpts available online here.
  3. ^ E. Naville: Bubastis, 1891, 15, pl. XXXIII, available copyright-free online
  4. ^
    ISBN 978-1-905299-37-9
    , 2008, p. 289-290
  5. ^ See a similar situation for the colossi of Imyremeshaw.
  6. ^ Flinders Petrie: Scarabs and cylinders with names (1917), available copyright-free here, pl. XVIII
  7. ^ a b Seal of Khabaw, catalog of the Petrie Museum.
  8. ISBN 978-1-905299-37-9
    , 2008, p. 166-167
  9. ^ a b Jürgen von Beckerath: Handbuch der Ägyptischen Königsnamen, MÄS 49, Philip Von Zabern. (1999)
  10. ISBN 978-90-429-2228-0
    . p. 247, 268
  11. ^
    ISBN 3-447-02489-5
  12. ISBN 9789042917309
    , p. 263-274.
  13. ISBN 3-491-96053-3
    , p. 255 and 259
  14. ^ Jürgen von Beckerath: Untersuchungen zur politischen Geschichte der Zweiten Zwischenzeit in Ägypten, Glückstadt, 1964
  15. ^ Jürgen von Beckerath: Chronologie des pharaonischen Ägyptens, Münchner Ägyptologische Studien 46. Mainz am Rhein, 1997
Preceded by
Thirteenth Dynasty
 Succeeded by
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