Sena dynasty
Sena Empire | |||||||||||||||
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1070 CE–1230 CE | |||||||||||||||
Ballala Sena | |||||||||||||||
• 1179-1204 CE | Lakshmana Sena | ||||||||||||||
• 1204-1225 CE | Vishvarupa Sena | ||||||||||||||
• 1225–1230 CE | Keshava Sena | ||||||||||||||
• | Surya Sena[2] | ||||||||||||||
• | Narayana Sena[2] | ||||||||||||||
• | Laksmana Sena ।।[2] | ||||||||||||||
Historical era | Middle Kingdoms of India | ||||||||||||||
• Established | 1070 CE | ||||||||||||||
• Disestablished | 1230 CE | ||||||||||||||
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Sena dynasty 1070 CE–1230 CE | ||||||||||
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The Sena dynasty was a
The dynasty's founder was Samanta Sena. After him came Hemanta Sena, who usurped power and styled himself king in 1095 AD. His successor
Origins
Deopara Prashasti described the founder of Sena dynasty Samanthasena, as a migrant Brahmaksatriya from Karnataka.[7] The epithet 'Brahma-Kshatriya' suggests that Senas were Brahmins by caste who took the profession of arms and became Kshatriyas.[8] The Sena kings were also probably Baidyas, according to historian P.N. Chopra.[9]
The Senas entered into the service of Palas as sāmantas in Rāḍha, probably under Samantasena.[10][11] With the decline of the Pālas, their territory had expanded to include Vaṅga and a part of Varendra by the end of Vijayasena's reign.[11] The Palas were ousted in totality, and their entire territory annexed sometime after 1165.[11]
Inscription of Keshava Sena
A copperplate was found in the Adilpur or Edilpur
Society
The Sena rulers consolidated the caste system in Bengal.[13]
Architecture
The Sena dynasty is famous for building Hindu temples and monasteries, which include the renowned Dhakeshwari Temple in what is now Dhaka, Bangladesh.
In Kashmir, the dynasty also likely built a temple knows as Sankara Gaureshwara. In the political history of Bengal, Sena dynasty was a mighty ruling dynasty in power. Various currency names have been regularly mentioned in the Sena writings, such as Coinage
Decline
Downfall of Sena dynasty was destined under the rule of weak rulers of this dynasty. This dynasty started declining during the rule of Lakshmanasena who was the last significant Sena king. His two sons Visvarupasena and Kesavasena ruled in succession after him.[18] As Lakshmansena was on the throne in 1205 A. D., his two sons may be regarded as having ruled till at least 1230 A.D.[19] However it was learnt from Tabaqat-i-Nasiri that the descendants of Lakshmansena ruled in Bengal (Bang) till at least 1245 A.D. or 1260 A.D.[19]
Legacy
The Senas and their descendants merged into the
Nepal
In the 16th century, a dynasty emerged in the southern parts of Nepal near the border with Bihar which used the Sena surname and claimed descent from the Senas of Bengal. One of their branches formed the Sena dynasty of Makwanpur which ruled from the fort of Makwanpur Gadhi.[26] This branch of the Sena dynasty adopted the local language of the region, Maithili which became their state language.[27]
Family tree
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Literature
The Sena rulers were also great patrons of literature. During the Pala dynasty and the Sena dynasty, major growth in Bengali was witnessed.[citation needed] Among the poets at the court of Lakshmana Sena were:
See also
- Dhakeshwari Mata Temple, Kumortuli
- History of Bengal
- History of India
- Edilpur Copperplate
References
- ^ Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical Atlas of South Asia. Oxford University Press, Digital South Asia Library. p. 147, Map "f".
- ^ ISBN 9788171416837.
- ISBN 0226742210.
- ^ The History of the Bengali Language by Bijay Chandra Mazumdar, p. 50.
- ^ Land of Two Rivers: A History of Bengal from the Mahabharata to Mujib by Nitish K. Sengupta, p. 51.
- ^ MAJUMDAR, R. C. THE HISTORY OF BENGAL, VOLUME -I. p. 223.
- ISBN 978-81-224-1198-0.
- ^ MAJUMDAR, R. C. (1971). HISTORY OF ANCIENT BENGAL. G. BHARADWAJ , CALCUTTA.
- ISBN 978-0-85692-081-3.
The Sena kings were probably Baidyas. The evidence of inscriptions shows that a dynasty of Baidya kings ruled over at least a part of Bengal from 1010 AD to 1200 AD. The most famous of these kings is Ballal Sena
- ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-000-08480-1.
- ^ Hunter, William Wilson (1875), "A statistical account of Bengal, Volume 1", Google Books, Edinburgh: Murry and Gibbs, retrieved 3 October 2009
- ^ Siddiq 2015, p. 35.
- ^ Mitra, Rajendralala (1865). "On the Sena Rajas of Bengal". Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 34 part 1 (3). Asiatic Society of Bengal: 141–142.
- ^ "Coins". Banglapedia.
- ISBN 0226742210.
- ISBN 978-0-14-196655-7.
- ^ Majumdar 1943, p. 225.
- ^ a b Majumdar 1943, p. 227.
- ISBN 978-90-04-09509-0. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
- ISBN 978-0-52020-507-9.
- ^ Majumdar, R. C.; Ganguly, D. C.; Hazra, R. C. (1943). Majumdar, R. C. (ed.). History Of Bengal. The University of Dacca. pp. 571, 589–591.
- S2CID 143802267.
- S2CID 144413665.
- ISBN 978-81-208-2790-5.
It may be added that the Senas themselves came to be regarded as Vaidyas in the Vaidya Kula-pañjikās.
- ^ Basudevlal Dad (2014). "The Sena Dynasty: From Bengal to Nepal". Academic Voices. 4.
- .
- ^ R. C. Majumdar, ed. (1943). The History of Bengal. Vol. I. Lohanipur: N. V. Publications. p. 363.
Sources
- Early History of India 3rd and revised edition by Vincent A Smith
- Siddiq, Mohammad Yusuf (2015), Epigraphy and Islamic Culture:Inscriptions of the Early Muslim Rulers of Bengal (1205–1494), Routledge Contemporary South Asia Series
- Majumdar, R. C (1943). History Of Bengal Vol.1.
External links
- Chowdhury, AM (2012). "Sena Dynasty". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.