Send tape echo echo delay
Send tape echo echo delay (more commonly known as STEED, alternatively known as single tape echo and echo delay.
In 2006, while publicising his memoir (Here, There, and Everywhere: My Life Recording the Music of The Beatles), recording engineer Geoff Emerick stated that "God only knows" how the effect worked.[3]
Technique
EMI/Abbey Road Studios
, where much of The Beatles' material was producedThe technique was developed at
condenser microphones. These microphones then fed the wet signal back to the recording console.[5] The amount of feedback could be controlled allowing multiple delays to be sent to the reverb chamber, which could lengthen the effect's decay time.[6]
An identical technique was used for the production of Anthology 1 in 1995, where speakers were used to play the sound within the echo chamber.[5]
Use
One notable example of the use of STEED is on
Birthday" (1968).[8]
The effect was also used on "Revolution 9" (1968),[9] and was used in the mixing of tracks for Anthology 1 in 1995.[5]
See also
- Artificial double tracking, a technique developed by EMI/Abbey Road's Ken Townsend
Footnotes
- ^ a b Lewisohn (1989, p. 51)
- ^ Babiuk (2002, p. 184)
- ^ Mix (2006, p. 1)
- ^ Kehew & Ryan, Recording The Beatles, p. 286
- ^ a b c Cunningham (1995)
- ^ a b Marryatt (2011)
- ^ Beatles Bible (2011)
- ^ Fontenot (2011)
- ^ Lewisohn (1989, p. 139)
Sources
- Babiuk, Andy (2002), Beatles Gear, Milwaukee, WI: Backbeat, ISBN 0-87930-731-5
- Beatles Bible (2011), Everybody's Trying To Be My Baby, The Beatles Bible, retrieved 12 April 2011
- Cunningham, Mark (1995), "The Story of The Beatles' Anthology Project", Sound on Sound, Cambridge: SOS Publications, retrieved 12 April 2011
- Fontenot, Robert (2011), "Birthday: The History of This Classic Beatles Song", About.com, New York, NY, retrieved 12 April 2011
- Lewisohn, Mark (1989), The Beatles Recording Sessions, New York, NY: Harmony, ISBN 0-517-57066-1
- Marryatt, Tony (2011), Audio Engineering Tips of the Day, Vancouver, BC: Pacific Audio Visual Institute, retrieved 12 April 2011
- Mix (2006), "More from Geoff Emerick", Mix Online, New York, NY, retrieved 12 April 2011
- Shepherd, John (2003), Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World, Volume 1, London: Continuum International Publishing Group, ISBN 0-8264-6321-5
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