Senecio angulatus
Senecio angulatus | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Asterales |
Family: | Asteraceae |
Genus: | Senecio |
Species: | S. angulatus
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Binomial name | |
Senecio angulatus L.f. (1781) | |
Native range of S. angulatus | |
Synonyms | |
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Senecio angulatus, also known as creeping groundsel[5] and Cape ivy,[6][7] is a succulent flowering plant in the family Asteraceae that is native to South Africa. Cape ivy is a scrambling[8] herb that can become an aggressive weed once established, making it an invasive species.[3][9] It is grown as an ornamental plant for its satiny foliage and sweet-scented flowers.[10][3][8]
It is a problem weed in New Zealand,[11] and is naturalised in parts of North Africa[12] and Southern Europe.[13] In Australia, Senecio tamoides (Canary creeper) may usually be misapplied and is considered to be Senecio angulatus. Cape ivy is very similar to Delairea odorata, Senecio tamoides and Senecio macroglossus.[14] Other common names include climbing groundsel,[5] angled senecio,[15] Algerian senecio,[16] Jordanian senecio[17] and scrambling groundsel.[18]
Description
Leaves and stems
Its form is a dense tangled shrub 2 metres (6.6 ft) tall[19] or a climber that can reach 6 metres (20 ft) high, if suitable support is available.
The alternate
Leaf stalks are 1 to 4 centimetres (0.39 to 1.57 in) long.[8]
The stems are succulent, and are often
Inflorescence
Senecio angulatus produces numerous flowers in open clusters at the end of its branches or stems.[3] The honey-scented flowers are on an elongated stem and open in succession from the base up as the stem continues to grow. The flower clusters are more flat at the top than pyramid-like, and are 4 to 8 centimetres (1.6 to 3.1 in) in diameter.[8] Often the cluster droops with the flower heads at the end of the cluster turning upwards.
Flower stalks are mostly hairless or with some short hairs, 6.5 to 10.5 millimetres (0.26 to 0.41 in) long. Attached to flower stalks are 8-11 fine pointed bracts 5 to 6 millimetres (0.20 to 0.24 in)[3] which are surrounded by 4-7 pale green and sometimes purple tinged supplementary bracts at the base, 1.5 to 2.5 millimetres (0.059 to 0.098 in) which make a cup shape around the base of the involucre.
Individual flower-heads are radiate and urn-shaped.[8] The corolla has a disc[3] comprising 10-15 dull golden yellow disc florets.[8] Each disc floret is a hairless tube with a slight expansion below the middle and lobes 1.3 to 2 millimetres (0.051 to 0.079 in) wide. 4-6 ray florets surround the disc florets and have yellow[3]ligules (that look like petals) 5.5 to 9.5 millimetres (0.22 to 0.37 in) long that make the flowers look daisy-like.[19]
An autumn-winter bloomer, the plant flowers from April to May in Southern Africa and May to July in Australia and New Zealand.[8] In the northern hemisphere, particularly in Italy and Spain, it flowers from November to the end of January.[22][23]
Fruits and reproduction
Cape ivy is easily dispersed by
Cultivation
Due to its drought-tolerance and succulent nature,[24][25] Cape ivy thrives in areas with a Mediterranean climate,[26] where it has been cultivated in parts of North Africa, Southern Europe[27] and the Levant.
History
Cape ivy was introduced in
It was most likely introduced to the United States after 1930, as it is not listed in the first edition of Hortus, although it is rarely cultivated in that country.[30] The plant was collected as a weed in Melbourne's southern suburb of Mornington in 1936, and was displayed in newspaper column submissions in areas between Bendigo and Swan Hill in the 1940s and 1950s. In Melbourne metropolitan area, it became prevalent on coastal banks and on decomposed rock gullies of suburban creeks.[29] It was introduced in New Zealand in 1940 as an ornamental.[9]
Propagation
Cape ivy grows in
Medicinal
Distribution
Cape ivy is native to the Cape Province in South Africa, hence its name, and it has been naturalized in parts of South Italy, France, Spain, Croatia, Portugal[13][30] and some coastal areas in southeastern Australia (particularly the Mornington Peninsula),[35] where it is spreading.[8] It is reported to be invasive in New Zealand, and an emerging environmental weed in Victoria, Australia.[9] It is declared an alien species in Western Australia.[36] In California, Albania and Chile, it is reported to be escaping.[30]
It can become aggressive when it is established, where it may smother the existing
On the
- Afrotropic
- East Tropical Africa: Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania
- Southern Africa: South Africa (native)
- Australasia
- Australia: Victoria and Tasmania.
- New Zealand: Marlborough and Banks Peninsula
- Australia:
- Palearctic
Sources: GRIN,[2] NSWF,[8] NZPND,[3] BGB
Habitat
Cape ivy prefers soils of black
Other names
- French: Séneçon anguleux (senecio angular)
- Italian: senecio rampicante (creeping senecio)
- Spanish: la hiedra del Cabo, senecio hiedra (cape ivy, senecio ivy)
- Xhosa: inDindilili[6]
- Arabic: الشيخة القريض, الشيخة الزحف القريض, دعسة القطة, سلك التلفون ,شيخة مضلعة (telephone cord, cat's footprint, climbing groundsel, polygonal sheikh/senecio)
- Hebrew: סביון מזוות (climbing groundsel)
Gallery
-
Bunch of flowers
-
Grown as a shrub
-
Prolific yellow blooms
-
Disc florets
-
Emerging flowers
-
In a garden patio
-
As a balcony plant
-
Hanging from a rocky wall
-
Apartment complex, Italy
-
Potted plant
-
Specimen on a trellis
References
- ^ "Senecio angulatus". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. 2008-05-29.
- ^ a b "Senecio angulatus". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Landcare Research. "Senecio angulatus L.f. Suppl. 369 (1781)". Flora of New Zealand: Taxa. Landcare Research Allan Herbarium and New Zealand Plant Names Database. Retrieved 2021-09-18.
- ^ The Plant List. "Cineraria laevis A.Spreng". TICA. The Plant List. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
- ^ ISBN 0-9587439-7-5. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
- ^ ISBN 0-8493-2673-7. Retrieved 2008-04-14.
- ^ Cape ivy (mile a minute, climbing groundsel) (Senecio angulatus) State of Victoria (Agriculture Victoria) 1996-2021
- ^ Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
- ^ a b c "Senecio angulatus". New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. Retrieved 2021-09-19.
- ^ Creeping groundsel by Resto con life. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
- ^ "Cape ivy (Senecio angulatus)". Controlling problem weeds in riparian zones. Greater Wellington Regional Council. 2004. Archived from the original on October 15, 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
- ^ "Senecio angulatus L.f. record n° 97995". African Flowering Plant Database. Archived from the original on 2013-01-16. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
- ^ a b Taxon: Senecio angulatus L. f. Australian Pastures Genebank Distribution Policy. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
- ^ Weeds of Australia (Biosecurity Queensland Edition). "Senecio angulatus L. f." Queensland Government. Retrieved 2020-02-08.
- ^ Plants of South Eastern New South Wales Lucid Central. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
- ^ National Library of Medicine. 21 July 2021.
- ^ Murrell, Z.E (2010). Vascular Plant Taxonomy. Kendall Hunt Publishing Compant.
- ^ Climbing groundsel Senecio angulatus Brisbane City Council, Weed Identification Tool. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
- ^ a b c d e Tom Forney, Steve Hurst (2007). "Kudzu Pueraria lobata" (PDF). Government of Oregon. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
- ^ Frankston City Council Invasive Species Guide Frankston City Council. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
- ^ Cape ivy Asteraceae - Senecio angulatus Northland Regional Council. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
- ^ Senecio angulatus – Senecio rampicante by Laura Bennet from CASA E GIARDINO
- ^ Senecio angulatus, il rampicante fiorito a novembre by Giovanna Rio from Cose di Casa
- ^ Senecio angulatus (Cape ivy, Climbing groundsel, Creeping groundsel) AUB Landscape Plant Database. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
- Northland Regional Council. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
- ^ SENECIO ANGULATUS OR CREEPING GROUNDSEL | CARE AND GROWING Consulta Plantas - Gardening and plant care since 2001. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
- Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem. "Details for: Senecio angulatus". Euro+Med PlantBase. Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
- ^ a b c Senecio angulatus (Creeping Groundsel) MaltaWildPlants.com by Stephen Mifsud
- ^ a b Climbing Groundsel (Senecio angulatus) by Weeds of Melbourne, July 10, 2019
- ^ a b c d Weed Risk Assessment for Senecio angulatus L. f. (Asteraceae) – Cape-ivy United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
- ^ Climbing Groundsel (Senecio angulatus) by Weeds of Melbourne, July 10, 2019
- ^ Senecio angulatus (Climbing Groundsel) by World of Succulents, August 30, 2013
- ^ Creeping or climbing groundsel (Senecio angulatus) by Eurobodalla Shire Council
- ^ Options for restoration of Cape ivy (Senecio angulatus) – dominated sites using native coastal species, Glinks Gully, Northland David Bergin, Envirolink, 2006
- ^ EFFECTIVE CONTROL OF CREEPING GROUNDSEL (SENECIO ANGULATUS) Peter M. Newton. Eleventh Australian Weeds Conference Proceedings. Dependable Services Pty. Ltd. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
- ^ Senecio angulatus L.f. Western Australian Herbarium (1998–). Florabase—the Western Australian Flora. Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
- ^ THE FEATURED PLANT – Senecio angulatus LIFE medCLIFFS. 7 February 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
- ^ Apparition de Senecio angulatus (Asteraceae) en Algérie by M. D. Miara, L. Boutabia, S. Telaïlia & E. Vela, 3 September 2018. Retrieved 4 May 2020
External links
- Media related to Senecio angulatus at Wikimedia Commons
- Data related to Senecio angulatus at Wikispecies
- Senecio angulatus in the CalPhotos photo database, University of California, Berkeley
- "Herbarium record". Neotropical Herbarium Specimens. fieldmuseum.org. Retrieved 2008-04-22.
- Western Australian Herbarium (2007-09-11). "Senecio angulatus L.f." FloraBase. Government of Western Australia. Retrieved 2008-03-31.