Senusret I
Senusret I | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Sesostris, Sesonchosis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pharaoh | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reign | 1971–1926 BC; (1920–1875 BC) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Predecessor | Amenemhat I | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Successor | Amenemhat II | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Consort | el-Lisht | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Monuments | White Chapel,
Twelfth Dynasty |
Senusret I (
He continued his father's aggressive expansionist policies against
Family
The family relations of the king are well known. Senusret I was the son of Amenemhat I. His mother was a queen with the name Neferitatenen. His main wife was Neferu III who was also his sister and mother of his successor Amenemhat II. The known children are Amenemhat II and the princesses Itakayt and Sebat. The latter was most likely a daughter of Neferu III as she appears with the latter together in one inscription. Later in life his father was killed.
Events
In his 18th year of reign Senusret I launched a military campaign against Lower Nubia and conquered the region down to the
Building program
Senusret I dispatched several quarrying expeditions to the
Senusret I is attested to be the builder of a number of major temples in Ancient Egypt, including the temple of Min at
A shrine (known as the White Chapel or Jubilee Chapel) with fine, high quality reliefs of Senusret I, was built at Karnak to commemorate his Year 30 jubilee. It has subsequently been successfully reconstructed from various stone blocks discovered by Henri Chevrier in 1926. Finally, Senusret remodelled the Temple of Khenti-Amentiu Osiris at Abydos, among his other major building projects.
The royal court
Some of the key members of the court of Senusret I are known. The vizier at the beginning of his reign was Intefiqer, who is known from many inscriptions and from his tomb next to the pyramid of Amenemhat I. He seems to have held this office for a long period of time and was followed by a vizier named Senusret. Two treasurers are known from the reign of the king: Sobekhotep (year 22) and Mentuhotep. The latter had a huge tomb next to the pyramid of the king and he seems to have been the main architect of the Amun temple at Karnak. Several high stewards are attested. Hor is known from several stelae and from an inscription in the Wadi el-Hudi where he was evidently the leader of an expedition for amethyst. One of the stelae is dated to year nine of the king. A certain Nakhr followed in office attested around year 12 of the king. He had a tomb at Lisht. A certain Antef, son of a woman called Zatamun is known again from several stelae, one dates to year 24 another one to year 25 of Senusret I. Another Antef was the son of a woman called Zatuser and was most likely also high steward in the king's reign.[10]
Succession
Senusret was crowned coregent with his father, Amenemhat I, in his father's 20th regnal year.[11] Towards the end of his own life, he appointed his son Amenemhat II as his coregent. The stele of Wepwawetō is dated to the 44th year of Senusret and to the 2nd year of Amenemhet, thus he would have appointed him some time in his 43rd year.[12] Senusret is thought to have died during his 46th year on the throne since the Turin Canon ascribes him a reign of 45 Years.[13]
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Upper part of a statue of Senusret I, from Egypt, Middle Kingdom, 12th Dynasty. C. 1950 BC. Neues Museum, Germany
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Obelisk of Senusret I in Heliopolis
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Osiride statue of Senusret I
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Stone weight with Senusret I's cartouche
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Base of a granite statue inscribed with the name of Senusret I. From Armant, Egypt. Petrie Museum, London
See also
References
- ISBN 0-7156-3435-6, p.36
- OCLC 70878036.
- ^ Peter Clayton, Chronicle of the Pharaohs, Thames & Hudson Ltd, (1994), p.78
- ^ Robins. The Art of Ancient Egypt. pp. 95–97.
- ^ Senusret I
- ^ William K. Simpsonː Sesostris II, inːWolfgang Helck (ed.), Lexikon der Ägyptologie Vol. 5, Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, 1984, ISBN 3447024895, p. 895
- ^ Percy E. Newberryː Beni Hasan (volume 1), London, 1893, p. 25 onlin
- ^ Wolfram Grajetzki: The People of the Cobra Province in EgyptOxbow Books. Oxford 2020, ISBN 9781789254211, pp. 177-178
- ^ Grajetzki, The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt: History, p. 38–41
- ISBN 978-0-7156-3745-6, p. 172
- ^ Murnane, William J. Ancient Egyptian Coregencies, Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization. No. 40. p.2. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 1977.
- ^ Murnane, William J. Ancient Egyptian Coregencies, Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization. No. 40. p.5. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 1977.
- ^ Murnane, William J. Ancient Egyptian Coregencies, Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization. No. 40. p.6. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 1977.