September 1924

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September 28, 1924: U.S. Army Lieutenants Smith, Arnold, Nelson and Harding return to Seattle, become the first persons to fly around the world

The following events occurred in September 1924:

September 1, 1924 (Monday)

September 2, 1924 (Tuesday)

Indianapolis winners Dario Resta (1916) and Joe Boyer (1924)

September 3, 1924 (Wednesday)

  • The Taif massacre of at least 300 civilians was carried out in the Kingdom of Hejaz at the city of Taif, near Mecca, by troops of the Ikhwan, sent by Sultan Ibn Saud of Nejd in the course of the Saudi conquest of Hejaz.[11]
  • The "Ruido de sables" (rattling of sabers) incident took place in Chile when a group of 56 young military officers, led by Colonel Marmaduke Grove, loudly rattled their ceremonial sabers within their scabbards in a political protest after they were asked to leave the Chamber of Deputies, which debating military benefits.[12] "Ruido de sables" became a metaphor in Spanish-speaking nations for a military conspiracy to plot a coup d'état. The event was part of the young officers' response to the Chamber's failure to enact the proposed reforms of President Arturo Alessandri.
  • Chinese warlord Qi Xieyuan (referred to in the Western press during his lifetime as Ch'i Hsieh-yuan), governor of the Jiangsu province, went to war against Lu Yongxiang (Lu Yung-hsiang), military governor of the Zhejiang province, beginning the Jiangzu-Zhejiang War within China.[13]
  • Born: Mary Grace Canfield, American actress, in Rochester, New York (d. 2014)
  • Died:
    • Dario Resta, 42, Italian auto racer and winner of the 1916 Indianapolis 500, was killed instantly at the Brooklands racing circuit in England while trying to set a new land speed record. On the second lap, he suffered a blowout and crashed through a corrugated iron fence.[14]
    • Funk & Wagnalls Company
    • Wandsworth Prison after he was found guilty of the murder of Emily Kaye
      .

September 4, 1924 (Thursday)

September 5, 1924 (Friday)

  • The Trades Union Congress at Hull in England voted to take industrial action to stop war if necessary.[23]
  • The three remaining planes of the American round-the-world flyers (Chicago, New Orleans and Boston II) and their two-member crews returned to U.S. airspace and landed near Brunswick, Maine in a dense fog. To complete their journey, they were still required to return to Seattle.[24]
  • The same officers who had carried out the "ruido de sables" in Chile on September 3, led by Colonel Marmaduke Grove, entered the office of President Arturo Alessandri and demanded that he dismiss his Interior Minister, as well as to have him pressure the Congtress to enact a labor code, a reformed income tax law, and the raising military salaries. Faced with his overthrow, President Alessandri complied with Grove's demands and appointed General Luis Altamirano as the new Minister of the Interior.
  • Evgen Gvaladze, who had attempted an armed rebellion in the Georgian SSR, was arrested by Soviet authorities. Gvaladze was released in March as part of a general amnesty for political prisoners.
  • Born: Paul Dietzel, American college football coach who led the LSU Tigers to an undefeated season in 1958 and the national championship, as determined by the AP and UPI polls; in Fremont, Ohio (d. 2013)

September 6, 1924 (Saturday)

Miss Malcolmson

September 7, 1924 (Sunday)

  • Spanish dictator Miguel Primo de Rivera issued a manifesto to the army appealing for an extension of his emergency powers, saying, "One year is too short a time to attempt to carry out the work which lay before the directorio when we assumed power."[28]
  • The film Dante's Inferno was released.
  • Born:
Senator Inouye
    • Daniel Inouye, American politician of Japanese descent and Medal of Honor recipient for heroism in World War II; in Honolulu.(d. 2012) Inouye was the first U.S. Representative for Hawaii (1959 to 1963 as the at-large Congressman), U.S. Senator (1963 to 2012), and President pro tempore of the Senate from 2010 to 2012.[29]
    • Eugene R. Folk, American ophthalmologist and specialist in treatment of strabismus;
  • Died: Georg von Hantelmann, 25, German fighter pilot and ace with 25 shootdowns during World War I, was killed on his farm in Prussia after confronting trespassers.[30]

September 8, 1924 (Monday)

September 9, 1924 (Tuesday)

September 10, 1924 (Wednesday)

  • The Leopold and Loeb trial ended with a sentence of imprisonment for "life plus 99 years" for both Nathan F. Leopold Jr. and Richard Albert Loeb for the May 21 kidnapping and murder of Bobby Franks, instead of the death penalty the state had sought.[40] Loeb would remain at the Illinois State Penitentiary in Joliet, Illinois for the rest of his life, serving a little more than 11 years until being killed by another inmate on January 28, 1936. Leopold lived almost 13 more years, dying of a diabetes-related heart attack on August 29, 1971.
  • The football club Cúcuta Deportivo was founded in Cúcuta, Colombia.
  • Born:

September 11, 1924 (Thursday)

September 12, 1924 (Friday)

September 13, 1924 (Saturday)

  • A 6.8 magnitude earthquake killed 60 people in and around the city of Pasinler in northeastern Turkey.
  • General of the Armies John J. Pershing, the last American military officer to achieve the rank of a six-star general, and the Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army since 1921, retired from the United States Army upon reaching the age of 64 (as required by Department of War regulations at the time) and was granted full pay and allowances for the rest of his life, as well as continued use of his office at the SWAN Building in Washington that served as the headquarters of the Department of State, the Department of War and the Department of the Navy. Pershing was succeeded as Army Chief of Staff by Major General John L. Hines.
  • French general Jean Degoutte allowed all functionaries and other public employees ousted or deported from the Ruhr since the occupation began to return to work.[46]
  • The 1924 International Lawn Tennis Challenge, now called the Davis Cup, which started in May with challengers from 22 nations, finished with the United States (Bill Tilden defeating Australia in all five matches.
  • The hoax of the "Tucson artifacts" began as a family in the U.S. state of Arizona reported finding the first of 31 lead objects, including swords, crosses and ceremonial objects with dates written upon them in Roman numerals, corresponding to the years ranging from 47 A.D. to 157 A.D., with an inscription on object that seemed to be evidence of settlers who had come to North America from the Roman Empire, founding a settlement called "Calalus".
  • Born:
  • Died: Bhupendra Nath Bose, 65, Indian politician who served in the Bengal Legislative Assembly from 1904 to 1910, and later as President of the Indian National Congress during the year 1914

September 14, 1924 (Sunday)

  • A helicopter designed by Étienne Oehmichen lifted a 400-pound cargo 1 meter and 10 centimeters off the ground, winning a prize offered by the French government.[47]
  • In the championship game of the highest level of competition in the Gaelic Athletic Association in the sport of hurling, the inter-county tournament, Galway GAA defeated Limerick GAA, 7–3 to 4–5, equivalent to a 24 to 17 win based on three-point goals and single points for scores above the goal post.[48]
  • High Point University, which would celebrate its 100th year in 2023 and 2024, opened as High Point College. Located in the town of High Point, North Carolina, the private Methodist college had an initial enrollment of 122 students, taught by nine faculty members.[49] It would be redesignated as a university in 1991 upon offering a master's degree program.
  • The
    Anna Mae Wong premiered in New York City. The production was filmed on location in the U.S. Territory of Alaska, and the Chinese-born Miss Wong played the role of an Eskimo.[50]
  • Born: Davidson Nicol, Sierra Leone physician and diabetes researcher known for his discoveries in analyzing the breakdown of insulin in the human body, as wells as being Sierra Leone's first ambassador to the United Nations (1969 to 1971); in Freetown, Sierra Leone (d. 1994)[51]

September 15, 1924 (Monday)

September 16, 1924 (Tuesday)

Lauren Bacall in 1945

September 17, 1924 (Wednesday)

  • Governor-General of Canada, issued an order mandating the termination of the Six Nations Confederacy Council of the Iroquois, made up of the hereditary chiefs for the Mohawk, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, Seneca and Tuscarora tribes within the Six Nations Reserve in the province of Ontario.[60] Pursuant to Canada's Indian Act, Viscount Byng directed that the Six Nations Council be replaced by an elective body.[61] The decision came after the Iroquois Confederacy Chief Deskaheh had attempted to bring concerns of the Six Nations to the attention of the League of Nations
    .
  • Poland's Border Protection Corps (Korpus Ochrony Pogranicza or KOP) was created to protect the nation's eastern boundaries from potential invasion by the Soviet Union and from bandits crossing the border from the U.S., with six battalions and five regiments.
  • The generation of power from the
    Washington, DC.[62]
  • Born: Gerd Thoreid, Norwegian stand-up comedian who performed under her stage name of "GT-Sara" and who began her comedy career at the age of 50 and performed until age 90; in Furnes (d.2020)[64]
  • Died: John Martin Schaeberle, 71, German-born American astronomer known for his development of a camera to take photos of the Sun and its corona during solar eclipses, and for his discovery that Procyon is actually part of a binary star system, with a faint companion designated Procyon B [65]

September 18, 1924 (Thursday)

September 19, 1924 (Friday)

September 20, 1924 (Saturday)

September 21, 1924 (Sunday)

  • The Autostrada, the world's first divided highway, opened to motor traffic in Italy. An improvement to existing limited-access roads, the Autostrada had only one lane in each direction and no exits along its high-speed 42.6 kilometres (26.5 mi) route between Milan and Varese.[76]
  • Three days of voting concluded for the 230 seats of the lower house (andra kammares) of the Riksdag. The Social Democrat Workers Party (Socialdemokratiska arbetareparti), led by former Prime Minister Hjalmar Branting, increased its plurality to 104 seats, still 12 short of a majority.[77]
  • Spanish Army Lieutenant Colonel Francisco Franco, angry with the plans of Prime Minister Miguel Primo de Rivera to pull back troops fighting the Rif War in Morocco, approached General Gonzalo Queipo de Llano and proposed that General Queipo lead a coup d'état to overthrow the premier.[78] The General declined the suggestion, and Franco postponed his plans to lead a right-wing revolution against the Spanish government.
  • U.S. President
    Robert M. La Follette. "They are entirely foreign, entirely un-American. We stand wholly committed to the policy that what the individual produces belongs entirely to him to be used to the benefit of himself, to provide for his own family and to enable him to serve his fellow man."[79]
  • The action film Roaring Rails, starring Harry Carey, was released.
  • The rugby union club FC Barcelona Rugby was formed in Spain.

September 22, 1924 (Monday)

September 23, 1924 (Tuesday)

September 24, 1924 (Wednesday)

  • British racer Malcolm Campbell broke the record for fastest speed on land, driving "Blue Bird", a Sunbeam 350HP with a V12 engine, at 146.18 miles per hour (235.25 km/h) at Pendine Sands. Campbell edged the records set in July by Ernest Eldridge (145.89 mph on July 12) and René Thomas (143.31 mph on July 6).
  • The Indian civil rights organization Samata Sainik Dal, which began its 100th year in 2023, was founded by B. R. Ambedkar with a mission of "safeguarding the rights of all oppressed sections of Indian society."[89]
  • The Tamil language newspaper Tamil Nesan published its first issue.[90] Aimed at ethnic Indians in British Malaya, and later for Malaysia, Tamil Nesan was notable for its duration. It would continue for more than 74 years before ceasing publication in 2019.[91]
  • Sculptor Gutzon Borglum arrived in the U.S. state of South Dakota at the invitation of Doane Robinson to carry out plans to carve a statue of four American presidents in the state's Black Hills.[92] Borglum's first choice of sites was the 150 feet (46 m) tall granite pillars known as The Needles, but soon decided that the eroding, fragile rock formation could not support carving.[93] After considering, and rejecting, Black Elk Peak, Borglum would eventually settle on Mount Rushmore.
  • immaculate inning, striking out all three batters on nine total pitches in the third inning of a 6–5 win over the Chicago Cubs.[94]
  • The experimental short film Ballet Mécanique, directed by Fernand Léger and Dudley Murphy with a musical score by George Antheil, premiered in Vienna.
  • Born: Nina Bocharova, Soviet/Ukrainian gymnast (d. 2020)

September 25, 1924 (Thursday)

September 26, 1924 (Friday)

September 27, 1924 (Saturday)

  • As China's Fengtiang province was on the verge of losing the Zhili–Fengtian War that Fengtian's leader Zhang Zuolin had started on September 15, Governor Zheng Shiqi of the Anhui province telegraphed China's President Cao Kun for aid. Cao Kun sent 250,000 troops to Manchuria to resist the Fengtian troops, although the additional aid failed to prevent the Fengtian takeover.[104]
  • British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald told a gathering in Derby that his government had secured many valuable concessions in its treaties with the Soviet Union and if the House of Commons failed to ratify them, he would send the country to another general election.[105]
  • Essendon FC (2-0-0) played against Richmond Tigers (1-0-1) in the final championship series of a round robin tournament between the four Victorian Football League finalists (Essendon, Richmond, Fitzroy Maroons and South Melbourne FC). Despite losing to Richmond, 73 to 86, Essendon won the championship of the tournament. While both teams had finished with records of 2 wins and 1 loss (for 8 points in the standings, based on four for a win and one for a tie), and Richmond had beaten Essendon, the winner was declared based on the ratio of points for against points against. In its first two games, Essendon had scored 130 against 57 for the opposition, while Richmond had 141 against 133. To gain the crown, Richmond would have had to score 66 points more than Essendon in their match. While the tournament winner would normally have played the Grand Final against the team that ended the regular season in first place, Essendon had finished first, so no grand final was played.[106]
  • The New York Giants clinched the National League pennant with a 5–1 win over the Philadelphia Phillies.[107][108]
  • The auto racing team of driver Kenelm Lee Guinness and riding mechanic Tom Barrett crashed at the San Sebastián Grand Prix in Spain. Barrett was killed, and Guinness was seriously injured and would never return to racing.[109]

September 28, 1924 (Sunday)

  • The four remaining American aviators in the
    Lowell H. Smith and co-pilot Leslie P. Arnold) and New Orleans (with pilot Erik H. Nelson and co-pilot John Harding Jr), all four of whom were U.S. Army lieutenants.[110] Four planes (with 8 total crew) had departed from Sand Point on April 6. Including stops for rest and maintenance, the trip took 175 days and covered 27,553 miles (44,342 km). Time 363 hours and 7 minutes.[111]
  • The Cecil B. DeMille-directed film Feet of Clay was released.
  • The
    Nestorian rebellion ended.[45]

September 29, 1924 (Monday)

September 30, 1924 (Tuesday)

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