September 1958

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
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France's General Charles de Gaulle wins support of France and colonies
September 28, 1958: Referendum held simultaneously in France and 12 future nations on worldwide French Community
Sékou Touré defies de Gaulle, leads Guinea to reject France

The following events occurred in September 1958:

September 1, 1958 (Monday)

  • The
    first Cod War began between the United Kingdom and Iceland as Iceland's new 12-mile (19 km) fishing limits went into effect. Eleven British fishing trawlers ignored the ban, carrying out their operations within 6 miles (9.7 km) of Iceland, the former limit, and four Royal Navy frigates entered the area to prevent the seizure of the British fishing boats by the Gæslan, Iceland's Coast Guard. The first confrontation came when the anti-submarine warship HMS Palliser sailed, with guns manned, in front of an Icelandic guard ship as it was approaching British fishermen.[1]

September 2, 1958 (Tuesday)

  • All 11 people on a
    Armenian SSR.[2] The Soviet Foreign Ministry acknowledged on September 12 that the plane "fell" inside the Soviet border and that six crew members were killed, but made no mention of the fate of the other five.[3] Eventually, the Soviets, who denied that the plane had been shot down, would return six bodies to the U.S. authorities. A statement from the Kremlin said, "The Soviet people understand the sufferings of the American citizens who have lost relatives and close friends. But it is not the Soviet Union that should be asked to reply to these people. We recommend asking those who gave the order to the United States plane to violate the border of the Soviet Union... They and only they are responsible for the plane's catastrophe."[4][5]
  • Regular television broadcasting began in the
    People's Republic of China at 6:30 in the evening as Peking Television (a predecessor of China Central Television) inaugurated three hours and 30 minutes of nightly programming. On May 1, Peking Television had made experimental broadcasts of two hours on an irregular basis. The 3 1/2 hour programming limit would continue for 20 years until 1978.[6][7]
  • The Navy of
    Quemoy, after eight Communist Chinese torpedo boats attacked a Taiwanese supply convoy. Taiwan's Defense Ministry said that two Communist torpedo boats were sunk in the first battle, and three more were downed 30 minutes later.[8]
  • All 19 people on a U.S.
    Clark Air Force Base in the Philippines.[9]
  • Hendrik Verwoerd, a staunch proponent of the policy of apartheid, became the new Prime Minister of South Africa after his parliamentary colleagues in the ruling National Party elected him as the new NP leader to succeed the late J. G. Strijdom. Verwoerd, the Minister of Native Affairs, was favored over two other candidates, Justice Minister and Acting Premier C. R. Swart, and Interior Minister Eben Dönges.[10]
  • As more formerly racially segregated school districts in the U.S. had different reactions to integration, the school district in
    Orval E. Faubus declared that he would close all schools before allowing racial integration.[13]
  • A man in Old Bridge Township, New Jersey, narrowly avoided death when a 70-pound (32 kg) block of ice fell from an airplane and crashed through his kitchen ceiling. Dominic Bacigalupo reported that he had left the kitchen seconds earlier, after preparing coffee, to watch a 9:00 pm TV program with his wife.[14]
  • Born: Zdravko Krivokapić, Prime Minister of Montenegro, 2020 to 2022; in Nikšić, SR Macedonia, Yugoslavia

September 3, 1958 (Wednesday)

September 4, 1958 (Thursday)

  • Communist China proclaimed that its territorial waters were extended from 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) to 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi) from the Chinese mainland and from the offshore islands of Quemoy, Little Quemoy, Matsu, Tatan, Ehrtan and Tungting.[17]
  • Jorge Alessandri received more votes than the other candidates in Chile's presidential election, but fell short of the requirement of receiving a majority of the votes cast, requiring the Chilean Congress to choose between Alessandri and runner-up Salvador Allende.[18]

September 5, 1958 (Friday)

  • Canada's Prime Minister John Diefenbaker introduced his proposal for what would become the Canadian Bill of Rights, declaring in his speech to a joint session of the Canadian Parliament that "An Act for the Recognition and Preservation of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms" would "act as a landmark by means of which Canadians, through Parliament, would have redeclared those things which have made Canada great... the realization that wherever a Canadian may live, whatever his race, his religion or his colour, the Parliament of Canada would be jealous of his rights." The House of Commons gave a first reading of Bill C-60 and, pursuant to Diefenbaker's plan, withdrew the legislation so that the Canadian public could discuss the proposal. The Canadian Bill of Rights legislation would be re-introduced and be approved on August 10, 1960.[19]

September 6, 1958 (Saturday)

  • The Food Additives Amendment of 1958 was signed into law by U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower as an amendment to the existing Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, taking effect immediately.[20] While non-toxic substances that were being added to food (such as preservatives or flavoring) prior to the law's passing were given the designation of "generally recognized as safe", new additives had to be evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The most notable amendment was the "Delaney Clause", named for the person who pushed for its inclusion, New York U.S. Congressman James J. Delaney, with the provision that "the Secretary of the Food and Drug Administration shall not approve for use in food any chemical additive found to induce cancer in man, or, after tests, found to induce cancer in animals," within limitations.
  • Former Soviet Premier Nikolai Bulganin, who had been forced to resign on March 27, was removed from his post as a member of the ruling Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, in a measure approved by the Party's Central Committee. The announcement was made by Radio Moscow, which also reported that the 21st Communist Party Congress would take place on January 27.[21]
  • The U.S. television show Wanted Dead or Alive, a Western starring Steve McQueen, premiered on CBS.
  • Paul Robeson performed in concert at the Soviet Young Pioneer camp Artek.
  • Born: Jeff Foxworthy, American comedian and TV actor; in Atlanta

September 7, 1958 (Sunday)

  • U.S. Navy warships escorted a Taiwanese convoy through the
    Quemoy, which had been blockaded by the People's Republic of China. The heavy cruiser USS Helena (CA-75), like the other ships, escorted the Taiwanese freighters to within 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) of Quemoy and stayed in international waters.[22]
  • Gaelic Athletic Association hurling championship, defeating Galway, 4-9 to 2-5 (equivalent to 21 to 11 based on 3-point goals and single points), before a crowd of 47,000 people at Dublin's Croke Park
    .
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Tennis champs Cooper and Gibson

September 8, 1958 (Monday)

  • The
    Islamic Republic of Pakistan purchased the port city of Gwadar, and the surrounding enclave of 309 square miles (800 km2) of land, from the Sultanate of Oman for the amount of 5.5 billion Pakistani rupees, equivalent at the time to three million U.S. dollars (equivalent to $30.8 million 60 sixty years later). The area, across the Arabian Sea from the rest of Oman, had been Omani territory since its conquest in 1797.[24]

September 9, 1958 (Tuesday)

  • The crash of a Flying Tiger Line cargo plane, a Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation, killed all eight people on board. The chartered freight carrier was delivering supplies to Tokyo from Travis Air Force Base in the U.S., and crashed into the side of Mount Oyama.
  • The first published criticism of Soviet author Boris Pasternak in the USSR, whose novel Doctor Zhivago had recently been published in the West, appeared in the official literary journal Literaturnaya Gazeta. Critic Viktor Pertsov, while not addressing the novel at that time, set up the condemnation of the author, writing about "the decadent religious poetry of Pasternak", which he said "reeks of mothballs from the Symbolist suitcase of 1908–10 manufacture."[25]
  • U.S. physicist Robert H. Dicke was awarded a patent for "Molecular Amplification Generation Systems and Methods", an outline for building an infrared laser.
  • In fiction, September 9, 1958 is the date that Jake Epping, the protagonist in Stephen King's bestselling novel 11/22/63 travels to whenever he enters a time portal, with the ultimate goal of preventing the assassination of U.S. President John F. Kennedy. In the television adaptation for Hulu, 11.22.63, the date was altered to October 21, 1960 for purposes of telling the story over a three-year period rather than five years.
  • Died:
    Emir of Dubai (now part of the United Arab Emirates, since 1912. He was succeeded the next day by his son, Rashid bin Saeed.[26]

September 10, 1958 (Wednesday)

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Pakistan's Noon and India's Nehru
  • Pakistan's Prime Minister Feroz Khan Noon signed an agreement with India's Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru to divide a small 8.75 square miles (22.7 km2) part of disputed territory, Berubari Union Number 12 between India's West Bengal state and East Pakistan (now Bangladesh.[27] The district was split in half, with the southern portion going to East Pakistan and the northern portion to India.[28]
  • China began the final phase of removing thousands of homes in the area around Tiananmen Square and resettling the inhabitants as part of an urban renewal project to build a centralized capital district. Within thirty days, 16,000 homes were torn down, including 4,600 in the old Tiananmen Square section and 2,610 more to make way for the construction of the Great Hall of the People.[29]
  • Two U.S. high altitude reconnaissance planes flew over the mainland of China, drawing a protest from the Chinese Foreign Ministry protesting "a deliberate war provocation". The
    Xinhua news agency said that a U.S. Navy P5M-1 patrol plane had made a flight inland from the Taiwan Strait and over the Fujian Province from Quanzhou down to the city of Meizhou in the Guangdong province. Two hours later, Xinhua reported, an American U-2 spy plane had flown 200 miles (320 km) inland, reaching the Jiangxi province.[30]
  • Born:
  • Died:

September 11, 1958 (Thursday)

September 12, 1958 (Friday)

September 13, 1958 (Saturday)

  • The fiery collision of two oil tankers, the French-registered GRT Fernand-Gilabert and the Liberian-registered SS Melika, killed 21 seamen in the Gulf of Oman.[38]
  • With the two-point conversion having been adopted for American college football, the first successful use of the play (which allowed the choice of getting 2 points after a touchdown by running or passing the ball to the end zone, rather than the one point kick) took place in Cedar Falls, Iowa where Iowa State Teachers College (now the University of Northern Iowa) was hosting Bradley University. An Iowa Teachers back, Max Huffman, carried the ball into the end zone after touchdowns twice in the Panthers' 29 to 12 win over the Bradley Braves.[39]
  • Died:
    Ruben Um Nyobé, 45, leader of the Union of the Peoples of Cameroon (UPC), was killed by the French Army in the rain forest where he was hiding, near his native village, Boumnyebel, after being shot several times.[40] His body was then mutilated and buried in an unmarked grave.[41][42]

September 14, 1958 (Sunday)

September 15, 1958 (Monday)

September 16, 1958 (Tuesday)

  • Charles Malik, the Foreign Minister of Lebanon, was elected President of the United Nations General Assembly by a vote of 45 to 31 against his opponent Mohammed Ahmed Mahgoub, Foreign Minister of the Sudan.[53]
  • Born: Jennifer Tilly (stage name for Jennifer Ellen Chan), American-born Canadian singer and actress; in Los Angeles
  • Died: Alma Bennett, 54, American film actress during the silent era

September 17, 1958 (Wednesday)

  • The first episode of the popular Dutch television series Pipo de Clown was broadcast, premiering on the VARA Television Network in the Netherlands. It would be shown for almost 22 years, until April 19, 1980.
  • A joint
    Lewis Research Centers and assistance from the military services, drafted specific plans for a program of research leading to human spaceflight.[33]
  • Born: Janez Janša, Prime Minister of Slovenia 2004-2008, 2012-2013 and 2020-2022; in Grosuplje, SR Slovenia, Yugoslavia
  • Died: Herbie Fields, 39, American jazz musician, committed suicide.

September 18, 1958 (Thursday)

The Bankamericard, now VISA

September 19, 1958 (Friday)

September 20, 1958 (Saturday)

Dr. King, wounded in attempted assassination
  • letter opener.[60] King was at Brumstein's Department Store on West 125th Street for a promotion and signing of his book, Stride Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story. New York City police officers Al Howard and Philip Romano recognized the risk of pulling the knife out and raced him to Harlem Hospital. Careful surgery was required to remove the blade, which was touching his aorta. King was hospitalized for two weeks before being released on October 3.[61]
  • Born: Ines Paulke, East German pop music singer; in Gräfenthal, East Germany (committed suicide, 2010)

September 21, 1958 (Sunday)

  • A fight broke out on the floor of the
    Iskander Mirza to declare martial law three weeks later on October 7, which was, in turn, followed by Mirza's overthrow on October 27.[63]
  • Born: Bruno Fitoussi, French professional poker player and 2001 world champion; in Paris
  • Died: Peter Whitehead, 43, British race car driver, was killed during the Tour de France Automobile race when the car that he and his brother Graham were driving in broke a rotting bridge railing and plunged into a ravine in Lasalle, a village in the Gard département.

September 22, 1958 (Monday)

  • Sherman Adams, the top aide to U.S. President Eisenhower as White House Chief of Staff, resigned at Eisenhower's request after having been implicated in a scandal by accepting substantial gifts from a person who would benefit from federal contracts. Republican Party leaders had called upon Adams to leave before the 1958 midterm Congressional elections.[64]
  • With all four of its public high schools closed by order of Governor Orval Faubus, the school board of Little Rock, Arkansas, transferred its classes to the city's three television stations. Since each station's two-hour programming block (four half-hour instruction sessions) was confined to a single high school grade (10th, 11th or 12th), the city's White and African-American high school students had the same instructors.[65]
  • The TV detective series
    its famous theme and as the first show to feature a created for television detective, rather than one adapted from a book, radio show, or film, premiered on the NBC network in the U.S. Craig Stevens starred in the title role, and Lola Albright portrayed Gunn's girlfriend. A critic for The New York Times described the show as "completely without sense or taste" and as a "shabby filmed offering about the preposterous adventures of a freelance sleuth... a series of acts of violence puncturated by absurd dialogue."[66]
    The show would run for three seasons.
  • Born:
  • Died: Mary Roberts Rinehart, 82, American mystery novelist known for the 1908 book The Circular Staircase and as the originator of "Had I but known" method of storytelling.[67][68]

September 23, 1958 (Tuesday)

September 24, 1958 (Wednesday)

  • The first airliner to be designed by and built in the
    People's Republic of China, the Beijing 1, made its inaugural flight, one week in advance of the ninth anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic.[73][74]
  • Rashid Karami, a Muslim and a former leader in the rebellion against the government of Lebanon earlier in the year, was named by President Fouad Chehab to be the new Prime Minister of Lebanon at the head of a cabinet of ministers that included three other Muslims, four Christians, and a Druze Muslim.[75]
  • The first test of the U.S. Polaris missile, designed for firing from underwater submarines, was made from the launch pad at Cape Canaveral. While the launch was successful, the missile had to be destroyed by remote control after it "appeared to be heading down the coast instead of out to sea". The rocket broke into two sections at an altitude of 50,000 feet (15,000 m), with the larger chunk crashing "only a few yards from the Polaris launching pad" and the other falling into the Banana River lagoon 5 miles (8.0 km) south of the launch site.[76] Four subsequent tests would fail as well before the successful sending of a Polaris to a target on April 20, 1959.
  • Meetings began in
    Maxime A. Faget, George Low, Warren J. North, and Walter C. Williams.[33]
"Donna Stone" and family
  • UPI TV critic William Ewald noted that, "Like almost all of TV's situation comedies, the new show is child-centered. But the trouble with centering 39 plots each season around kids is that they are not THAT interesting. As a result, after you've watched half-a-dozen situation comedies— complete with hack gags— you've seen them all."[77] Cecil Smith of the Los Angeles Times wrote, "It's not a bad little show, well produced by Screen Gems and very reminiscent of that company's high-rated effort, Father Knows Best. Matter of fact, it is so reminiscent that they should have called the series Mother Knows Best."[78]
  • In
    Juventus F.C.
    (23-5-6).
  • Born: Kevin Sorbo, American TV and film actor known as the star of the series Hercules: The Legendary Journeys; in Mound, Minnesota

September 25, 1958 (Thursday)

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Nikita Khrushchev, actor Oskar Homolka
  • The U.S. television network CBS, as part of its
    Oskar Homolka as Khrushchev and Melvyn Douglas as Stalin... Quite another matter, however, was the wisdom of showing as virtually a murderer the head of a foreign state with which this country maintains formal, if very strained relations. In the play it was Mr. Khrushchev, identified throughout by name, who denied the necessary stimulant after Stalin's collapse."[81]
  • Dr.
    NASA Administrator, announced publicly that NASA would be activated on October 1, 1958.[33]
  • Born: Eamonn Healy, Irish-born American computational chemist and co-author of the Austin Model 1 (AM1); in Newcastle West, County Limerick
  • Died: John B. Watson, 80, American pioneer in behavioral psychology[82]

September 26, 1958 (Friday)

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U Nu
  • The Army of
    Burma (now Myanmar), led by General Ne Win, carried out a bloodless coup d'etat against the civilian government of Prime Minister U Nu, on the stated premise of preventing the Asian nation from falling under Communist control in the scheduled November parliamentary elections. Premier Nu told General Ne Win that he would ask Burma's President Win Maung to summon parliament for October 28, at which time Nu would resign and the General would be named Premier. Nu and Ne Win agreed to schedule new general elections before April 30.[83]
  • Three days of voting on the proposed French constitution opened in French Algeria for European and Arab Algerians alike. The balloting was spread out over multiple days because of the dispersal of voting locations in the vast North African colony.[84]
The mosque in Brunei

September 27, 1958 (Saturday)

September 28, 1958 (Sunday)

  • In France voters overwhelmingly approved a new constitution that created the Fifth Republic, with the office of the President of France to have more power. In Metropolitan France (separate from French Algeria), the new constitution was approved by a 4 to 1 vote.[94] Referendums were also held in all of the African colonies of France, as well as some of its territories in the Pacific Ocean and in North America, on the issue of whether to become independent or whether to join the new French Community.[95] In addition to metropolitan France's (with 43 million people), the voting was held in French Algeria (9 million), French West Africa (comprising Senegal, Mauritania, the French Sudan, Guinea, Niger, the Ivory Coast, Upper Volta, and Dahomey with 17 million), French Equatorial Africa (Gabon, the French Congo, Chad and Ubangi-Shari with 4.4 million), Madagascar (4.4 million), Martinique, Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Reunion, the Comoro Islands, French Somoliland, New Caledonia, French Polynesia and Ste. Pierre et Miquelon.[96]
  • In French Algeria, most Muslim voters participated in the balloting despite calls from the National Liberation Front for a boycott, and the returns showed 96% in favor of being part of the French Community.[97]
  • All of the colonies agreed except for the nation of Guinea, where voters overwhelmingly opted for independence by more than 95%.[98]
  • Born: Rob Manfred, American sports executive who became the Commissioner of Baseball in 2015; in Rome, New York.

September 29, 1958 (Monday)

  • In the wake of the vote in the French African colony of
    Minister of the Overseas, arrived in Guinea's capital, Conakry, with de Gaulle's statement that "Guinea can no longer normally receive the aid of the administration of the French state or of funds for equipment." De Gaulle had previously warned that colonies that wished to secede from the French Community would do so "at their own risk and peril."[99]
  • After receiving letters from around the world asking for clemency, Alabama Governor
    James E. Folsom commuted the death sentence of Jimmy Wilson, who had been scheduled to die in the electric chair for robbing $1.95 in a burglary. While the victim, an 82-year-old white woman in Marion, Alabama, was unhurt, Alabama law at the time made burglary of a house at night a capital offense. Wilson, a 54-year-old African American, had been set for an October 24 execution date in the electric chair at Kilby Prison. Folsom commuted the sentence to life imprisonment.[100] Wilson would serve 16 years in prison until being paroled in 1973.[101]
  • Born:

September 30, 1958 (Tuesday)

  • The Soviet Union resumed nuclear bomb testing after a six month voluntary suspension that had started on March 31. The move came after the U.S.S.R., the U.S. and the UK agreed on a mutual October 31 moratorium date. On August 22, Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev had accepted the proposition of a three-party agreement, specifically retracting the suspension so that the Soviets could join the U.S. and the UK in making final tests before the end of October.[102] The Tokyo Meteorological Board detected abnormal changes in atmospheric pressure, consistent with the explosion of a medium-size hydrogen bomb in the Arctic, shortly after 10:00 pm local time.[103]
  • The U.S. Army's experimental solar furnace, capable of concentrating the Sun's rays to generate "a pulse of heat almost as searing as that produced by a nuclear explosion," was demonstrated in a press conference at the Quartermaster Research and Engineering Command (QREC) in Natick, Massachusetts. The QREC furnace was designed to concentrate the sun's rays by a factor of 12,780 by focusing the rays "from 1,420 square feet into a four-inch square" (or from 1,320,000 square centimeters to 103 square centimeters). Lieutenant General Arthur Trudeau pushed a button to activate the device and "a piece of paper... pasted across a cutout in the shape of the mushroom cloud of a nuclear blast... disintegrated in a flash". Further demonstrations were stopped due to the solar furnace's limitations, because "a few moments later the clouds obscured the sun for the rest of the day."[104]
Connors and Crawford as Lucas and Mark McCain
  • The Rifleman, starring Chuck Connors and child actor Johnny Crawford in the roles of a single father and his son in the old West, premiered in the U.S. on the ABC television network and began a five season run.[105] The 30-minute first episode was actually an edited version of the one-hour telecast of "The Sharpshooter", the March 7 episode of Zane Grey Theatre on CBS, prompting critic John P. Shanley of The New York Times to comment, "The American Broadcasting Company should be reminded that the rerun season has ended."[106] Matt Messina of New York's Daily News wrote that "Chuck Connors seems to have a winner," and added that "Human interest, highlighted by Connors' love for the boy, plays a major part in the story line, which is refreshing in Westerns."[107]

References

  1. ^ Wiskari, Werner (September 2, 1958). "British Rebuff Iceland Gunboats As Trawlers Violate Fishing Ban— Island's Coast Guard Takes Down Poachers' Names and Protests to London". The New York Times. p. 1.
  2. ^ "6 U.S. Fliers Lost in Plane Downed in Soviet Armenia— 11 Others on Sept. 2 Flight Intercepted by Russians Not Accounted For". The New York Times. September 13, 1958. p. 1.
  3. ^ "U.S. Urges Soviet Account for Men on Downed Plane". The New York Times. September 14, 1958. p. 1.
  4. ^ Frankel, Max (October 18, 1958). "Soviet Blasts Hope For 11 U.S. Fliers". The New York Times. p. 1.
  5. Naval Institute Press
    .
  6. ^ Huang, Yu. "Chinese Television in Mao's Era (1958–1976): A Historical Survey" (PDF). Chinese Television in Mao's Era. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 2, 2018. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
  7. ^ "Overview of CCTV". China Central Television (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 3 March 2013.
  8. ^ "Taiwan Reports 5 Red Boats Sunk and 6 Set Afire; Claims Victory in Sea Fight — Says Guns Destroyed 11 Other Enemy Craft". The New York Times. September 2, 1958. p. 1.
  9. ^ "19 Are Feared Dead in Air Cargo Crash". The New York Times. September 3, 1958. p. 5.
  10. ^ "Verwoerd Is Named South Africa's Head". The New York Times. September 3, 1958. p. 1.
  11. ^ Kihss, Peter (September 3, 1958). "Fulton, Ky., Quiet As It Integrates". The New York Times. p. 1.
  12. ^ Lewis, Anthony (September 3, 1958). "Arlington Board Bars Negro Pupils". The New York Times. p. 1.
  13. ^ Sitton, Claude (September 3, 1958). "Faubus to Resist Any 'Intefering' by Federal Force". The New York Times. p. 1.
  14. ^ "Block of Ice From Sky Crashes Into Kitchen". The New York Times. September 4, 1958. p. 12.
  15. ^ P. A. Ghosh, Ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka and role of Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) (APH Publishing, 1999)
  16. ^ "Gen. Martel Dies; Expert on Tanks— British Army Officer Built Light Weapon, Precursor of Famed Bren-Carrier", The New York Times, September 4, 1958, p.29
  17. ^ "Communist China Claims A Sea Limit of 12 Miles". The New York Times. September 5, 1958. p. 1.
  18. ^ "Alessandri Tops Chilean Election; Rightist-Liberal Is Short of Presidential Majority — Choice Goes to Congress". The New York Times. September 6, 1958. p. 1.
  19. ^ Christopher MacLennan, Toward the Charter: Canadians and the Demand for a National Bill of Rights, 1929-1960 (McGill-Queen's University Press, 2003) p. 126
  20. ^ "Proof of Food Safety Now Up to Producer", by Bess Furman, The New York Times, September 7, 1958, p. 1
  21. ^ "Bulganin Ousted from Presidium; Top Soviet Communist Unit Drops Ex-Premier — Party Congress Set in January", The New York Times, September 7, 1958, p. 1
  22. ^ "Quemoy Garrison Supplied Under U.S. Fleet's Escort; Reds Charge an Intrusion". The New York Times. September 8, 1958. p. 1.
  23. ^ Danzig, Allison (September 8, 1958). "Cooper and Althea Gibson Win National Tennis Titles". The New York Times. p. 1.
  24. ^ "Gwadar Enclave Given to Pakistan— Goodwill Gesture by Sultan of Oman Cedes His Only Overseas Territory", The New York Times, September 8, 1958, p. 1
  25. ^ Olga Ivinskaya, A Captive of Time: My Years with Pasternak (Doubleday, 1978) p. 231
  26. ^ Andrea B. Rugh, The Political Culture of Leadership in the United Arab Emirates (Palgrave Macmillan, 2007) p. 113
  27. ^ Debdatta Chowdhury, Identity and Experience at the India-Bangladesh Border: The Crisis of Belonging (Taylor & Francis, 2018)
  28. ^ "India and Pakistan Ease Frontier Rift", by Elie Abel, The New York Times, September 12, 1958, p. 1
  29. ^ Chang-tai Hung, Mao's New World: Political Culture in the Early People's Republic (Cornell University Press, 2017)
  30. ^ "Peiping Charges U.S. Air Intrusion— Says Two Planes Flew Over Mainland in 'Deliberate Provocation' of War", The New York Times, September 11, 1958, p. 1
  31. ^ John Benedict Buescher, Radio Psychics: Mind Reading and Fortune Telling in American Broadcasting, 1920-1940 (McFarland, 2021) p. 168
  32. ^ Kneitel, Tom (1988). Tomcat's Big CB Handbook. Research Books.
  33. ^ a b c d Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Grimwood, James M. "Part 1 (B) Major Events Leading to Project Mercury January 1958 through October 1, 1958". Project Mercury - A Chronology. NASA Special Publication-4001. NASA. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  34. ^ "Robert W. Service, Poet, 84, Dies; Wrote 'Shooting of Dan McGrew'". The New York Times. September 13, 1958. p. 1.
  35. ^ "Invention of the Integrated Circuit", IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (July 1976) pp. 648–654
  36. ^ "Court Bars Little Rock Delay; President Calls for Support— Justices Concur", The New York Times, September 13, 1958, p. 1
  37. ^ "Faubus Orders 4 Schools Shut; Governor Reacts", by Claude Sitton, The New York Times, September 13, 1958, p. 1
  38. ^ "21 Missing After Crash Of Tankers in Oman Gulf", The New York Times, September 14, 1958, p. 3
  39. ^ "Damron Directs T Teachers to 29–12 Win Before 6,800," Waterloo (Iowa) Sunday Courier, September 14, 1958, p37
  40. ^ Gabriel Périès and David Servenay, Une guerre noire: Enquête sur les origines du génocide rwandais (1959-1994) (A Black War: Investigation into the origins of the Rwandan genocide (1959-1994)), Éditions La Découverte, 2007, p. 88.
  41. ^ "Power of the dead and language of the living: The Wanderings of Nationalist Memory in Cameroon", African Policy (June 1986), pp. 37-72
  42. ^ "Ruben Um Nyobe: Camerounian maquis, radical, and liberator", by Walter Gam Nkwi, in Biographies of Radicalization: Hidden Messages of Social Change (De Gruyter, 2019)
  43. ^ "Tiger-Cats Edge Ottawa On Grant TD in 4th, 24-18", by Gene Courtney, Philadelphia Inquirer, September 14, 1958, p. 20
  44. ^ "15,000 Fans at Philadelphia See Canadian League Football Game", The New York Times, September 15, 1958, p. 26
  45. ^ "'I Won't Be An Invalid,' Says Charlotte Manson", by Nancy Taylor, Miami News, February 27, 1959, p. B-1
  46. ^ "40 Feared Dead as Train Dives off an Open Newark Bay Bridge; Sunken Cars Trap Commuters— 3 Warning Signals and Automatic Derailing Fail to Stop Crash", by Clarence Dean, The New York Times, September 16, 1958, p. 1
  47. ^ "Looking Back: 48 killed as train plunges off Newark Bay drawbridge", by Claire Heininger, Newark (NJ) Star-Ledger, September 15, 2007
  48. ^ "U.S. and Red China Meet on Far East in Warsaw Today", by A. M. Rosenthal, The New York Times, September 15, 1958, p. 1
  49. ^ Alan Lawrance, China's Foreign Relations Since 1949 (Routledge, 1975) p. 60
  50. ^ "U.S. Opens Talks with Red Chinese in 3-Hour Session", by A. M. Rosenthal, The New York Times, September 16, 1958, p. 1
  51. ^ Horrell, Muriel, ed. (1958). A Survey of Race Relations in South Africa, 1957–1958 (PDF). South African Institute of Race Relations. p. 10. Retrieved 28 June 2011.
  52. ^ "Soustelle Suffers Minor Cuts As Assassins Strike in Paris; Information Chief Attacked in Center of Capital — Two Algerians Are Held", by Henry Giniger, The New York Times, September 16, 1958, p. 1
  53. ^ "U.N. Elects Malik Assembly Head Vote Is 45 to 3— Lebanese Foreign Minister Defeats Sudanese Rival Backed by Arab Bloc", by Thomas J. Hamilton, The New York Times, September 17, 1958, p. 1
  54. ^ David L. Stearns, Electronic Value Exchange: Origins of the Visa Electronic Payment System (Springer, 2011) p. 1
  55. ^ "Bank of America announces a revolutionary new service, An All-Purpose CHARGE ACCOUNT!", advertisement in the Tulare (Cal.) Advance-Register, September 18, 1958, p. 5
  56. ^ "Now— from Bank of America— a new ALL-PURPOSE CREDIT CARD", Fresno (Cal.) Bee, September 21, 1958, p. 3
  57. ^ "Taiwan Says Reds Lose Five Jets and Three Boats", by Robert Trumbull, The New York Times, September 19, 1958, p. 1
  58. ^ "Algerian Rebels Set Up a Government Free of France", by Foster Hailey, The New York Times, September 20, 1958, p. 1
  59. ^ Brewer, Sam Pope (September 21, 1958). "Lebanon Premier Flees to Turkey; Flown Out in Secret by U. S. — Kidnapping Wave Stirs Fears Truce Will End". The New York Times. p. 1.
  60. ^ "Dr. King, Negro Leader, Stabbed By Woman in a Store in Harlem". The New York Times. September 21, 1958. p. 1.
  61. ^ "Dr. King Leaves Harlem Hospital". The New York Times. October 4, 1958. p. 12.
  62. ^ Francis Pike, Empires at War: A Short History of Modern Asia Since World War II (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2011) p. 304
  63. ^ "Assembly Clash Fatal; East Pakistan Deputy Speaker Dies of Injuries", The New York Times, September 26, 1958, p. 8
  64. ^ "Sherman Adams Resigns; Sees 'Vilification' Drive; President Voices Sadness", by Russell Baker, The New York Times, September 23, 1958, p. 1
  65. ^ "'Mixed' TV Classes Set in Little Rock— Negro and White Students to Hear Same Teachers Beginning on Monday", by Bill Becker, The New York Times, September 19, 1958, p. 1
  66. ^ "'Peter Gunn' Bows", by John P. Shanley, The New York Times, September 23, 1958, p. 66
  67. ^ "Had I but known", by Mill Roseman, in Detectionary (Overlook Press, 1971)
  68. ^ "Mary Roberts Rinehart Is Dead; Author of Mysteries and Plays", The New York Times, September 23, 1958, p. 1
  69. ^ "Chehab Assumes Office in Beirut— New President Promises to Work for Early Departure of American Troops", by Sam Pope Brewer, The New York Times, September 24, 1958, p. 1
  70. ^ "Luna Ye-1", Gunter's Space Page
  71. ^ "Pioneer 0-1-2", Encyclopedia Astronautica
  72. ^ Yang Xiaoping, et al., CMR Nuclear Explosion Database, SMDC Monitoring Research (August 2000)
  73. ^ Flight International (July 26, 1962) p. 135
  74. ^ Gordon, Yefim; Komissarov, Dmitry (2008). Chinese Aircraft: China's Aviation Industry since 1951. Hikoki Publications. pp. 194–195.
  75. ^ "Lebanese Rebel Chosen Premier; 30 Die in Clashes". The New York Times. September 25, 1958. p. 1.
  76. ^ "Polaris Blown Up Over Testing Site— New Model of Submarine Missile Destroyed After It Veers From Course". The New York Times. September 25, 1958. p. 5.
  77. Sheboygan Press. Sheboygan, Wisconsin
    . UPI. p. 5.
  78. ^ Smith, Cecil (September 24, 1958). "The TV Scene". Los Angeles Times. p. II-6.
  79. ^ "Moscow Closes CBS News Bureau; Acts Because of Play, 'The Plot to Kill Stalin,' and Other Radio-TV Programs". The New York Times. October 9, 1958. p. 15.
  80. ^ Gould, Jack (October 12, 1958). "A 'Plot' Backfires: C.B.S. Telecast About Death of Stalin Gives Soviet a Peg for Propaganda". The New York Times. p. X-13.
  81. ^ Gould, Jack (September 26, 1958). "TV: A Real-Life Drama— 'Plot to Kill Stalin' Identifies by Name Soviet Leaders as Conspirators". The New York Times. p. 53.
  82. ^ "Dr. John Watson, Psychologist, Dies— Former Professor at Johns Hopkins Was Founder of Behaviorist School". The New York Times. September 26, 1958. p. 27.
  83. ^ "Army Takes Over Power in Burma to Thwart Reds; Commander Accepts Bid of Premier to Govern Nation— Elections Postponed". The New York Times. September 27, 1958. p. 1.
  84. ^ Brady, Thomas F. (September 27, 1958). "Algerians Ask Talk With France As Voting on Constitution Begins; Moslems Go to Polls". The New York Times. p. 1.
  85. ^ "Imposing Mosque With Elevator Is Opened in Oil-Wealthy Brunei— Building Dominates Town of River Homes on Stilts in Borneo". The New York Times. September 27, 1958. p. 8.
  86. ^ Sherman, Joseph M. (September 27, 1958). "Columbia Wins America's Cup Series— U.S. Yacht Beats Sceptre Fourth Time in a Row". The New York Times. p. 1.
  87. ^ Witkin, Richard (September 27, 1958). "Navy Fires Satellite Into Space— Radio Silent, Orbit Is Doubted". The New York Times. p. 1.
  88. ^ "Ida, Typhoon", in Encyclopedia of Hurricanes, Typhoons, and Cyclones, by David Longshore (Facts on File, 2010) p. 255
  89. ^ "134 Dead, 66 Missing As Typhoon Hits Tokyo", The New York Times, September 27, 1958, p. 1
  90. ^ "Typhoon Toll Put at 1,500 in Japan; Area South of Tokyo Cut Off — Police Report 303 Dead, 1,230 Missing", The New York Times, September 28, 1958, p. 1
  91. ^ "Gen. Persons Is Appointed To Take Over Adams Post; President Picks Top Aide and a Second Deputy—Plans to Name Third", by E. W. Kenworthy, The New York Times, September 28, 1958, p. 1
  92. ^ "Little Rock Vote Supports Faubus on Segregation; Integration Loses, 3-1", by Claude Sitton, The New York Times, September 28, 1958, p. 1
  93. ^ "Nine-Pound Boy for Shirley", Pittsburgh Press, Saturday, September 29, 1958, p. 1 (the front page mention in Pittsburgh was made with the reminder that Shirley Jones was a native of the nearby town of Smithton, Pennsylvania)
  94. ^ "De Gaulle Constitution Approved by France in 4-1 Landslide Vote; Tally a Surprise; Test on 5th Republic Brings 85% Poll— Reds Overwhelmed", by Robert C. Doty, The New York Times, September 29, 1958, p. 1
  95. ^ "France to Ballot on Charter Today; People to Accept or Reject de Gaulle's Leadership— Voting Around World", by Robert C. Doty, The New York Times, September 28, 1958, p. 1
  96. ^ "Population and Voters of the French Regions", The New York Times, September 28, 1958, p. 3
  97. ^ "Moslems Loyal— Defy Rebel Boycott in Algeria to Give Huge 'Yes' Vote", by Henry Tanner, The New York Times, September 29, 1958, p. 1
  98. ^ "Overseas Areas Favor French Tie; Only Guinea in West Africa Votes for Independence — Turnout Is Large", The New York Times, September 29, 1958, p. 6
  99. ^ Giniger, Henry (September 30, 1958). "Paris Cuts Ties to French Guinea After 'No' Vote— De Gaulle Acts Speedily to Set West African Area Free 'at Own Peril'". The New York Times. p. 1.
  100. ^ "Gov. Folsom Saves Negro From Chair". The New York Times. September 30, 1958. p. 1.
  101. NYU Press
    . p. 38.
  102. ^ "Russians Resume Nuclear Testing in Arctic Region— But U. S. Still Looks to Talk at Geneva on Oct. 31 on Inspection System", The New York Times, October 1, 1958, p. 1
  103. ^ "Japanese Detect Test", The New York Times, October 1, 1958, p. 3
  104. ^ "New Army Device Rivals Atom Heat; Solar Furnace to Simulate Nuclear Flash to Test Materials and Gear", The New York Times, October 1, 1958, p. 3
  105. ^ "Chuck Connors Launches TV Career Tonight As 'The Rifleman' Over ABC", AP report by Charles Mericer in Biloxi (Miss.) Sun Herald, September 30, 1958, p. 10
  106. ^ "False Premiere", by John P. Shanley, The New York Times, October 1, 1958, p. 74
  107. ^ "What's On?" column, by Matt Messina, Daily News (New York), October 1, 1958, p. 77
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