Sequela
A sequela (
A typical sequela is a
In general, non-medical usage, the terms sequela and sequelae mean consequence and consequences.[5]
Examples and uses
Chronic kidney disease, for example, is sometimes a sequela of diabetes; "chronic constipation" or more accurately "obstipation" (that is, inability to pass stool or gas) is a sequela to an intestinal obstruction; and neck pain is a common sequela of whiplash or other trauma to the cervical vertebrae. Post-traumatic stress disorder may be a psychological sequela of rape. Sequelae of traumatic brain injury include headache, dizziness, anxiety, apathy, depression, aggression, cognitive impairments, personality changes, mania, and psychosis.[citation needed]
COVID-19 is also known to cause post-acute sequelae, known as long COVID, post-COVID syndrome, or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC).[6] This refers to the continuation of COVID-19 symptoms or the development of new ones, four or more weeks after the initial infection; these symptoms may persist for weeks and months. Post-COVID syndrome can occur in individuals who were asymptomatic for COVID, as well as those ranging from mild illness to severe hospitalization.[7] These most commonly reported sequelae include fatigue, shortness of breath, chest pain, loss of smell, and brain fog; symptoms drastically range, from mild illness to severe impairment.[8]
Some conditions may be diagnosed retrospectively from their sequelae. An example is pleurisy.[citation needed]
Other examples of sequelae include those following neurological injury; including
The phrase status post, abbreviated in writing as s/p, is used to discuss sequelae with reference to their cause. Clinicians typically use the phrase to refer to acute traumatic conditions. For example: "the patient had neck pain status post a
Rheumatic fever is a non-suppurative sequela of a primary infection of group A Streptococcus bacteria. Glomerulonephritis can also be a non-suppurative sequela of Streptococcus pyogenes.[9][10]
References
- ^ "sequela: definition of sequela in Oxford dictionary (British & World English) (US)". www.oxforddictionaries.com. Archived from the original on November 7, 2014. Retrieved 2014-10-30.
- ^ "sequela: definition of sequela in Oxford dictionary (American English) (US)". www.oxforddictionaries.com. Archived from the original on March 15, 2013. Retrieved 2014-10-30.
- ^ from Latin sequela, from sequi ("follow")
- ^ "Medical Definition of Sequela". RxList. Retrieved 2021-12-09.
- ^ sequela Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved 2017-12-31.
- PMID 34425843.
- ^ CDC (2020-02-11). "COVID-19 and Your Health". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 2021-12-09.
- ^ "Long COVID (Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS CoV-2 infection, PASC)". Yale Medicine. Retrieved 2021-12-09.
- ^ Todar, Kenneth. "Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcal Disease". Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
- ^ "Rheumatic fever". A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia. PubMed Health. 2012-05-30. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
Further reading
- Lindsay, James (1997). "Chronic Sequelae of Foodborne Disease". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 3 (4): 443–452. PMID 9366595.