Seraphim Rose
Seraphim Rose | |
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San Diego, California | |
Died | September 2, 1982 Platina, California | (aged 48)
Major shrine | Saint Herman of Alaska Monastery, Platina, California |
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Seraphim Rose (born Eugene Dennis Rose; August 13, 1934 – September 2, 1982), also known as Seraphim of Platina, was an American
Rose's opposition to Eastern Orthodox participation in the
Rose's monastery is currently affiliated with the Serbian Orthodox Church and continues to carry on his work of publishing and Eastern Orthodox missionary activity.
Early life
Eugene Rose was born on August 13, 1934, in
In addition to being a businesswoman, Esther was a California artist who specialized in
Though Rose was described by one biographer as a "natural athlete" in his youth, he did not engage seriously in sport. Baptized in a
In addition to a gift for languages, Rose was known for possessing an acute sense of humor and wit.[5] He enjoyed opera, concerts, art, literature, and the other cultural opportunities richly available in San Francisco, where he settled after his graduation and explored Buddhism and other Asian philosophies.[6]
Spiritual search
While studying at Watts' Asian institute, Rose read the writings of French metaphysicist
At age 22 in 1956 and while he was still at Pomona College, Rose came out as gay.[7][8][9] During a romantic relationship with Jon Gregerson, Rose was exposed to the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia. While the relationship lasted a significant period, Gregerson lost interest in Orthodoxy despite Rose's growing interest. Rose ultimately terminated the relationship and later commented on the period prior to his conversion, saying "I was in hell. I know what hell is."[6][7][10] Rose is reported to have not externally expressed his sexuality following his conversion.[9] Rose's sexuality was a topic of controversy among some Eastern Orthodox faithful after it was publicized in Cathy Scott's 2000 biography Seraphim Rose.[6]
Orthodoxy
In 1962, Rose was received into the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia in San Francisco. He quickly distinguished himself to the bishop of San Francisco, John Maximovitch, as a serious and studious convert. In 1963, Archbishop John blessed Rose and his new friend, Gleb Podmoshensky, a Russian Orthodox seminarian, to form a community of Orthodox booksellers and publishers, the St. Herman of Alaska Brotherhood. In March 1964, Rose opened an Orthodox bookstore next to the Holy Virgin Cathedral on Geary Boulevard in San Francisco, which was under construction at the time. In 1965, the brotherhood founded the St. Herman Press publishing house, which still exists.[11]
Increasingly drawn to a more reclusive lifestyle, Rose's community ultimately decided to leave the city for the northern California wilderness, where Rose and Podmoshensky became monks in 1968 and transformed the Saint Herman of Alaska Brotherhood into a full-fledged monastic community. Rose's parents provided the down payment for a mountaintop near the isolated hamlet of
In his ministry, Rose spoke frequently of an "Orthodoxy of the Heart", which he saw as increasingly absent in American ecclesiastical life. He also spoke of the need for warmth and kindness of the spirit, especially when dealing with those with whom one disagreed, an increasing problem in
Works
Using a hand-cranked printing press at his Geary Boulevard bookstore, Rose founded the bimonthly magazine The Orthodox Word in January 1965; this periodical is still published (on modern presses) today. He also composed and published dozens of other titles, including God's Revelation to the Human Heart, Orthodoxy and the Religion of the Future, and The Soul After Death; all remain in print. He translated and printed Michael Pomazansky's Orthodox Dogmatic Theology, which remains a text for clerical students and laymen alike. Rose translated his books into
He was also one of the first American Eastern Orthodox Christians to translate major works of several
Controversies
Toll houses
Although most of Rose's works were widely received within the Orthodox community, a few raised controversy. The most notable of these was The Soul After Death, which describes certain "
Some modern Eastern Orthodox theologians, including Archbishop Lazar Puhalo, Stanley Harakas and Alexandros Kalomiros among others, held that certain ideas in Rose's book are heretical, and that many of the Church Fathers were misinterpreted or misquoted to support those idea.[17] Puhalo claimed that the "toll-house theory" is specifically Gnostic in origin.[18] These accusations were later declared to be wrong by the Holy Synod of the Russian Church Abroad, which emphasized that little has been revealed to the Church on this subject, and hence all controversy concerning it should cease.[19] A similar position was adopted by Michael Azkoul in his 1998 book, Aerial Toll-House Myth: The Neo-Gnosticism of Fr Seraphim Rose. A recent publication called, The Departure of the Soul, published by St. Anthony's Monastery in Arizona, presents a collection of writings by Church Fathers in favor of the Toll Houses.
He endeavored to answer his detractors in his "Answer to a Critic", published as an appendix to The Soul After Death.[20]
Though continuing to vehemently oppose Rose's teaching on this subject, Puhalo indicated that he considered Rose to be a "true ascetic", and that he respected the sincerity of Seraphim's monastic life and intentions.[21] In one of his vlogs, Archbishop Lazar said of Rose: "Father Seraphim Rose was an astonishing ascetic. He had a great ascetic life. He had enormous struggles, enormous inner struggles, and he struggled with them in really great asceticism. So I don’t want anybody to denigrate or think anyone is denigrating Father Seraphim Rose's ascetic struggle. It really was a great ascetic struggle, and there should be a reverence and a respect for that. … Again, I want people to have a reverence for Father Seraphim Rose’s ascetic struggle, and to acknowledge that, and see that there was a special spark there, in that he had enormous internal struggles, and that he saw those through to the end of his life. And that is a great virtue and a great reason to have a certain reverence for Father Seraphim."[22]
Evolution vs. creationism
Rose also waded into the ongoing debate between Biblical
Death
After feeling acute pains for several days while working in his cell in August 1982, a reluctant Rose was taken by fellow monks to Mercy Medical Center in
Rose's body lay in repose for several days in a simple wooden coffin at his wilderness monastery. Visitors claimed that Rose's body did not succumb to decay and rigor mortis, remaining supple and even allegedly smelling of roses.[citation needed]
Legacy
Some Orthodox Christians anticipate Rose's canonization.
Several reputed miraculous events, healings and apparitions of Rose have been reported around the world, commencing soon after his death.[28] In one such instance, a nun named Zvezdana at Prohor Pčinjski Monastery in Serbia informed her abbess that she had repeatedly felt the presence of Rose, and that he appeared to her on one occasion.[29] She continued to pray, telling Rose that it was beautiful in his monastery. He replied, saying "It’s beautiful here Prohor Pčinjski Monastery also—beautified by the relics of Fr. Prohor."[29]
St. Herman's Monastery today
The St. Herman of Alaska Monastery in Platina is now a part of the Western America diocese of the Serbian Orthodox Church. While all of the brothers are currently American, many speak Russian. Their primary emphasis continues to be the printing of books, which has been the major activity of the brotherhood since its inception. In addition, the monastery has assisted with the guardianship and education of local youths with behavioral or learning problems, which has earned Rose's brotherhood significant respect among the locals. Visitors come to the monastery year-round but especially on September 2, the anniversary of Rose's death.
Bibliography
- Blessed John the Wonderworker: A Preliminary Account of the Life and Miracles of Archbishop John Maximovitch. Platina: St. Herman of Alaska Brotherhood, 1987. (ISBN 0938635018)
- Genesis, Creation and Early Man. Platina: St. Herman of Alaska Brotherhood, 2000. (ISBN 1887904026)
- God's Revelation to the Human Heart. Platina: Saint Herman Press, 1988. (ISBN 0938635034)
- Letters from Father Seraphim. Nikodemos Orthodox Publication Society. (ISBN 1879066084)
- Nihilism: The Root of the Revolution of the Modern Age. Platina: St. Herman of Alaska Brotherhood, 1994. (ISBN 1887904069) (as Eugene Rose).
- Orthodoxy and the Religion of the Future. Platina: Saint Herman of Alaska Brotherhood, 1975. (ISBN 188790400X)
- The Apocalypse: In the Teachings of Ancient Christianity. Platina: Saint Herman of Alaska Brotherhood, 1985. (ISBN 0938635670)
- The Place of Blessed Augustine in the Orthodox Church. Platina: Saint Herman of Alaska Brotherhood, 1983. (ISBN 0938635123)
- The Soul After Death: Contemporary "After-Death" Experiences in the Light of the Orthodox Teaching on the Afterlife. Platina: St. Herman of Alaska Brotherhood, 1988. (ISBN 093863514X)
- Orthodox Survival Course. Samizdat Press, 2019. (ISBN 9780359754731)
References
- ^ "Remembering Fr. Seraphim (Rose) at a Monastery in Bulgaria. Jesse Dominick". OrthoChristian.Com. Retrieved March 31, 2022.
- ^ Hiermonk Damascene. Fr. Seraphim
- ^ "Eileen Rose Busby". Eileenrosebusby.blogspot.com. Retrieved March 27, 2012.
- ISBN 978-1-59194-095-1.
- ^ Fr. Seraphim Rose: His Life and Works, Chapter 87: "Simplicity"
- ^ a b c Wood, Mark (April 13, 2001). "Lives of a Saint". Pomona College Magazine. Retrieved April 18, 2021.
- ^ a b "Hieromonk Seraphim Rose". Youngtown, AZ: All Saints of North America Orthodox Church. Archived from the original on April 25, 2022. Retrieved March 6, 2022.
- ^ Farley, Lawerence (September 25, 2014). "Appreciating Seraphim Rose". No Other Foundation. Ancient Faith Ministries. Archived from the original on April 25, 2022. Retrieved March 8, 2022.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8232-9952-2.
- ^ "Lives of a Saint". Pomona College. April 13, 2001. Archived from the original on April 25, 2022. Retrieved March 6, 2022.
- ^ Fr. Seraphim Speaks, from the Orthodox Christian Information Center.
- ^ The Royal Path "In Memory of Fr. Seraphim Rose", p. 2.
- ^ Fr. Seraphim Rose: His Life and Works, Chapter 99, "Hope".
- ^ Fr. Seraphim Rose: His Life and Works, Chapter 86, "Orthodoxy of the Heart".
- ^ Lives of a Saint Archived April 14, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ISBN 978-0-520-30841-1. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
- ^ See references for and against this claim in OrthodoxWiki's Aerial Toll-Houses article; see also Letter From "Archbishop" Lazar Archived May 15, 2008, at the Wayback Machine for Harakas' and Kalomiros' opinions on the subject.
- ^ "Two troubling teachings reported", by "Archbishop" Lazar Puhalo.
- ^ "Holy Synod of the Russian Church Abroad". Orthodoxinfo.com. December 2, 1980. Retrieved March 27, 2012.
- ^ Answer to a Critic: Appendix III from The Soul After Death, by Fr. Seraphim Rose.
- ^ Questions and Answers Archived July 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine by "Archbishop" Lazar Puhalo. See Question added August 2007 on the "Toll Houses".
- ^ Puhalo, Lazar, House Myth, Nr. 5. May 23, 2012. Accessed on June 23, 2013
- ^ See Evolution and Orthodoxy Archived June 17, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, by Fr. John Matusiak at the Orthodox Church in America website.
- ^ Orthodoxinfo.com website.
- ^ Father Seraphim Rose - Spiritual Father / Ancient Radio
- ^ "Fr. Seraphim Rose's 40th anniversary, Georgian bishop calls for his canonization".
- ^ "Fr. Seraphim (Rose) is a saint, says Metropolitan of Morphou".
- ^ Some of these accounts may be read in Nun Brigid's The Last Chapter in the Short Life of Father Seraphim of Platina.
- ^ a b ""Only the One Who is a Child Can be Called a Father." St. Prohor Pechinskii and Fr. Seraphim Rose. Abbot Ilarion (Lupulovic)". OrthoChristian.Com. Retrieved March 31, 2022.
Biographical resources
- Father Seraphim: His Life and Work (ISBN 1-887904-07-7). Revised and expanded version of Not of This World
- Letters from Father Seraphim (ISBN 1-879066-08-4). Correspondence with Fr. Alexey Young (now Hieromonk Ambrose), Rose's spiritual son
- Not of This World: the Life and Teaching of Fr Seraphim Rose (ISBN 0-938635-52-2). A biography by monk Damascene Christensen (out of print)
- Seraphim Rose: The True Story and Private Letters (ISBN 1-928653-01-4). A biography of Rose's life, letters and works by Cathy Scott, Rose's niece
External links
- Death to the World Magazine Online Orthodox publication containing some of Rose's writings
- Death to the World Website Online collection of writings by and inspired by Rose
- "Genesis and Early Man: The Orthodox Patristic Understanding", Reply to pro-evolution speech given by Orthodox theologian Dr. Alexander Kalomiros
- Nihilism: The Root of the Revolution of the Modern Age. Book written by Rose
- Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia Unofficial icon of Rose