Serbian name
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This article features the naming culture of personal names of ethnic Serbs and the Serbian language. Serbian names are rendered in the "Western name order" with the surname placed after the given name. "Eastern name order" may be used when multiple names appear in a sorted list, particularly in official notes and legal documents when the last name is capitalized (e.g. MILOVANOVIĆ Janko).
Given names
A child is given a first name chosen by their parents or godparents. The given name comes first, the surname last, e.g. Željko Popović, where Željko is a first name and Popović is a family name.
Serbian first names largely originate from
Some may be non-
In Serbian naming culture, apotropaic names (zaštitna imena, "protective names") include Vuk (and its many derivatives), Nenad, Prodan, Sredoje, Staniša, and others.[1]
Serbian | Derivation | Origin | Meaning | Related (Forms) |
Female |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Miroslav Мирослав |
Slavic | Peace and Glory | Mirosław, Mirko | Mira, Miroslava | |
Vladimir Владимир |
Владимѣръ | Slavic Old Church Slavonic |
Rule in Peace | Vlada, Vlado | Vladimira, Vlada |
Vukašin Вукашин |
Slavic
|
Son of the wolf, younger wolf | Vuki, Vuk, Vule, Vučko, Vukosav | Vuka, Vukica | |
Zoran Зоран |
Slavic | Daybreak | Zoki, Zoća | Zora, Zorana, Zorica | |
Goran Горан |
Slavic | Woodsman, Highlander "The tall one" |
Gora, Gorana, Gorica, Goga, Gorjanka | ||
Aleksandar Александар |
Aléxandros Αλέξανδρος |
Greek | Protector of Man | Aleksa, Saša, Sale | Aleksandra, Saša, Saška |
Jovan Јован |
Ioannis Ιωάννης |
Hebrew (Biblical) |
God is gracious | Ivan Jovo, Jovica, Joca, Jole |
Jovana, Ivana, Ivanka, Iva |
Marko Марко |
Marcus | Latin | God of war, To be war like | Maki, Mare | |
Nikola Никола |
Nikolaos Νικόλαος |
Greek | Victory of the people | Nidža, Niko | Nikoleta, Nikolina |
Đorđe Ђopђe |
Georgios Γεώργιος |
Greek | Farmer | Đurađ Đuro, Đole, Đoka, Đorđa, Đorđo |
Đorđica, Đurđica, Đurđina |
Mihajlo Михајло |
Mikha'el מִיכָאֵל |
Hebrew (Biblical) |
"He who is like God" | Mika, Miki, Miha, Miša |
Surnames
Most Serbian surnames have the surname
). This can sometimes further be transcribed as -ic, but in history, Serbian names have often been transcribed with a phonetic ending, -ich or -itch.This form is often associated with Serbs from before the early 20th century: hence Milutin Milanković is usually referred to, for historical reasons, as Milutin Milankovitch, and Mileva Marić, born in Vojvodina (then a part of Hungary) has sometimes been rendered as Marity (e.g. in the claim of "Einstein-Marity" theory).
The -ić suffix is a Slavic diminutive, originally functioning to create patronymics. Thus the surname Petrović means the little son of Petar (Petrić signifies the little son of Petra, the widow).
Most Serbian surnames are paternal (father), maternal (mother), occupational, or derived from personal traits.
Other common surname suffixes are -ov (-ов), -ev (-ев), -in (-ин) and -ski (-ски; also -cki(-цки)/čki(чки)/ški(шки)) which is the Slavic possessive suffix, thus Nikola's son becomes Nikolin, Petar's son Petrov, and Jovan's son Jovanov. The two suffixes are often combined, most commonly as -ović (-овић). Other, less common suffices are -alj(-аљ)/olj(ољ)/elj(ељ), -ija (-ија), -ica (-ица), -ar(-ар)/ac(ац)/an(ан).
When marrying, the woman most often adopts her husband's family name, though she can also keep both of her last names or not change her last name at all.[citation needed]
It is estimated that some two thirds of all Serbian surnames end in -ić. As of the 2011 Census, the ten most common surnames in
Outside Serbian countries, Slavic suffixes have been transliterated.
Although far less common than patronymic surnames, matronymic surnames are widespread both in Serbia and in neighboring countries where Serbs live. Examples include surnames such as Katić, Sinđelić, Nedić, Marić, Višnjić, Janjić, Sarić, Miličić, Milenić, Natalić, Zorić, Smiljić, Anđelić and many others. Sometimes it is difficult to ascertain if the name of a specific family is patronymic or matronymic considering many Serbian names have both male and female version (for example, surname Miljanić could come from both m.- Miljan and f.- Miljana). Cases where widows had to become heads of households were not uncommon during 18th and 19th century and when surnames were first standardized in Serbia in 1851 it was decided they would be based on the names of eldest living heads of households which in some cases were women. People who did not know their father well would also often take matronymic surnames, with a notable case being the hero of the First Serbian Uprising Stevan Sinđelić, who took that surname in honor of his mother Sinđelija.
History
The names of early Serbian rulers like
In older naming convention which was common in Serbia up until the mid 19th century a person's name would consist of three distinct parts: the person's given name, the patronymic derived from father's personal name, and the family or fraternity name, as seen in for example in the name of language reformer Vuk Stefanović Karadžić. However, use of this convention depended on a person's education and interest in his ancestry. Most ordinary people were still referred to mostly by their given name and sometimes with a patronymic, profession or toponymic. Serbian surnames as used today were first standardized in Principality of Serbia during 1851 and on the census of 1854, the population was recorded by their fixed surnames for the first time. Surnames were mostly formed as patronymics (or in some cases matronymics) derived from names of at the time eldest living heads of households rather than distant ancestors, though there were exceptions. In most cases, such patronymics were already in use so they were simply "frozen" and turned into surnames that carried on into future generations. This swift introduction of surnames is one of the reasons why, in comparison to other regions where Serbs live, there is less variation in forms of surnames within central Serbia, where vast majority of surnames ends with suffixes -ović (in patronymic surnames) and -ić (can be used both for patronymic and for matronymic surnames).
Among Serbs that lived across the rivers Drina, Sava and Danube, in addition to surnames with these most common suffixes there were many surnames based on professions, nicknames, toponymics, traits, etc. In case of what was then Southern Hungary, Serb suffixes were often intentionally changed by Austro-Hungarian administrators from -ović, -ević and -ić into -ov, -ev, -in and -ski which in their mind sounded less typically Serbian. This process started around 1817 but was particularly intensified after 1860/61 when Duchy of Serbia and Tamiš Banate was abolished and 1867 when Habsburg monarchy was reformed into Austro-Hungary. By 1900s it had only moderate success and it never achieved its true goal of culturally separating Vojvodina Serbs from their brethren to the south. In some regions with Serbian majority which were only liberated during wars of 1912–1918, standardized surnames were finally introduced with the creation of Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and recorded for the first time during population census of 1921.
Sobriquets
Many Serbs, particularly from the late 18th century onwards and working in many different fields, have been known by three names - their given name, their surname, and an additional sobriquet (distinct from a second surname and specifically used with, as opposed to instead of, their surname or full name).
Some of these are:
- Petar Nikolajević Moler (1775–1816), first Prime Minister (1815–16) of the Principality of Serbia and a veteran of both the First and Second Serbian Uprisings whose sobriquet meant "the painter".
- Jovan Jovanović Zmaj (1833–1904), a poet and translator whose sobriquet meant "the dragon".
- Milan Kujundžić Aberdar (1842–1893), a poet, philosopher, and politician whose sobriquet meant "a firearm that hints at good news" (and was also the name of Karađorđe's cannon of the First Serbian Uprising).
- Stevan Stojanović Mokranjac (1856–1914), a composer and music educator whose sobriquet meant "the man from Mokranje", a village in Romania where is ancestors were from.
- Mihailo Petrović Alas (1868–1943), an influential mathematician and inventor and also a professor, businessman, traveller, and volunteer in the Balkan Wars whose sobriquet meant "river fisherman".
- general staffin 1913.
- Vladislav Petković Dis (1880–1917), an impressionist poet whose sobriquet was derived from the second syllable of his given name.
- Vlastimir Pavlović Carevac (1895–1965), a violinist and conductor, and founder and director of the National Orchestra of Radio Belgrade.
- Ljubomir Pavićević Fis (1927–2015), a graphic and industrial designer whose sobriquet possibly derived from the pronunciation of the French word fils (equivalent to "junior" in English).
- Miodrag Petrović Čkalja (1924–2003), an actor whose stage name and sobriquet was the name of his character, Čkalja in the 1970 Yugoslav film of the same name.
- Predrag Koraksić Corax (b. 1933), a political caricaturist whose sobriquet is Latin for "raven".
References
Citations
Sources
- Books
- Grković, Milica (1977). Rečnik ličnih imena kod Srba [Dictionary of Serbian Personal Names] (in Serbo-Croatian). Belgrade: Vuk Karadžić. OCLC 4392913.
- Jovičević, Radojica (1985). Lična imena u staroslovenskom jeziku [Personal names in the Old Slavonic language]. Filološki fakultet Beogradskog Univerziteta.
- Janjatović, Đorđe (1993). Презимена Срба у Босни [Surnames of Serbs in Bosnia]. Sombor: Prosveta-Trgovina.
- Milićević, Risto (2005). Hercegovačka prezimena [Herzegovinian surnames] (in Serbian). Belgrade: Svet knjige. OCLC 68452137.
- Mihajlović, Velimir (2002). Српски презименик [Serbian onomasticon]. Novi Sad: Аурора.
- Stojanović, Katarina (2007). Srpska imena: narodna i hrišćanska [Serbian names: Indigenous and Christian]. Gramatik. ISBN 978-86-84421-51-9.
- Šimunović, Petar (1985). Naša prezimena [Our surnames]. Zagreb: Matica hrvatska.
- Vuković, Gordana; Nedeljkov, Ljiljana (1983). Речник презимена шајкашке (XVIII и XIX vek) [Dictionary of Šajkaši last names (18th and 19th century)]. Novi Sad: Филозофски факултет.
- Journals
- Dželebdžić, Dejan (January 2006). "Словенски антропоними у судским актима Димитрија Хоматина" [Slavic anthroponyms in the judicial decisions of Demetrios Chomatenos] (PDF). Zbornik radova Vizantoloskog instituta (in Serbian) (43): 493–498. .
- Pešikan, Mitar (1995). "Сведочанство српске историјске антропонимије" [Attestation of Serbian historical anthroponyms] (PDF). Glas Srpske akademije nauka i umetnosti (in Serbian) (377): 37–45. .
- Vukanović, Tatomir (1940). Drobnjaković, Borivoje (ed.). "Lična imena kod Srba" [Serbian personal names] (PDF). Гласник Етнографског музеја у Београду (in Serbian). 15. Етнографски музеј у Београду: 56–75. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-06-27.
- Zujić, Krunoslav (1995). "Prezimena i porodični nadimci u Imotskoj krajini". Imotski zbornik. 3: 45–133.
- Other
- "Најчешћа имена и презимена у Србији" [Most common names and surnames in Serbia] (PDF). Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. 2012 [2011]. ISBN 978-86-6161-033-2.
- "Српска презимена у Далмацији" [Serbian Surnames in Dalmatia] (in Serbian). Poreklo. 5 April 2012.
- "Порекло презимена Срба у Поткозарју" [Origins of the Surnames of Serbs in Potkozarje] (in Serbian). Poreklo. 3 July 2012.