Gyzylarbat
Gyzylarbat
Kyzyl-Arvat (1881-1992) Кызыл-Арват (in Russian) Gyzylarbat (1992-1999) Serdar 1999-2022 | |
---|---|
Balkan Province | |
District | Gyzylarbat District |
Population (2020)[1] | |
• Total | 89,582 |
Area code | +993 246 |
Gyzylarbat (formerly Serdar and Kyzyl-Arvat or Gyzylarbat
Name
Soviet Union-era and previous
The 8th-9th-century fortification in this place was called Kyzyl-Rabat, "red fortress". In the 16th-17th centuries this name was corrupted in the vernacular to Kyzyl-Arbat. In 1925, during Soviet rule, a district called Kizyl-Arvat[6] (Russian: Кызыл-Арбат) was established.
After independent
On 29 December 1999 the town was renamed from Kizyl-Arvat to Serdar.[6] The word serdar is a loan word from Persian meaning "leader" and is a reference to the first President of Turkmenistan, Saparmurat Niyazov. The town also shared a name with the third President of Turkmenistan, Serdar Berdimuhamedow, but had no relation. By decree of the Turkmen parliament on 9 November 2022, the old name was restored in the form Gyzylarbat.[5] The same decree downgraded Gyzylarbat from a city with district status to a city subordinate to a district, and renamed the district to Gyzylarbat, as well.[5]
Location
The city is located on the edge of the
History
Persian city of Farava
In ancient times, the region was inhabited by the
Turkic settlement
When the
Russian and Soviet periods
During the Russian conquest several exploratory expeditions reached here, but the main battle was at
In July 1918, following his declaration of
On 25 June 1957, the Soviet
After independence (1991)
During the rule of President
Private construction of the northern outskirts of the city is planned. Urban road infrastructure has been upgraded in recent years.[citation needed]
Population
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
1970 | 22,000 | — |
1989 | 33,388 | +2.22% |
1999 | 51,000 | +4.33% |
2020 | 89,582 | +2.72% |
Source: [11][12][13][1] |
Transportation
The rail station is on the Trans-Caspian railway. Construction began in 1879 of a narrow-gauge railway to Gyzylarbat in connection with the Russian conquest of Transcaspia under General Mikhail Skobelev.[citation needed]
Road transport includes two bus routes.[14] Small PAZ buses serve the local population.
Climate
Gyzylarbat has a cool desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWk), with cool winters and very hot summers. Rainfall is generally light and erratic, and occurs mainly in the winter and autumn months.
Climate data for Gyzylarbat (1991-2020, extremes 1883-present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 26.4 (79.5) |
28.6 (83.5) |
36.6 (97.9) |
40.4 (104.7) |
45.7 (114.3) |
46.8 (116.2) |
47.3 (117.1) |
47.2 (117.0) |
44.6 (112.3) |
39.3 (102.7) |
34.4 (93.9) |
29.0 (84.2) |
47.3 (117.1) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.3 (45.1) |
9.6 (49.3) |
16.2 (61.2) |
23.5 (74.3) |
30.7 (87.3) |
36.3 (97.3) |
38.7 (101.7) |
37.7 (99.9) |
31.9 (89.4) |
23.6 (74.5) |
14.1 (57.4) |
8.1 (46.6) |
23.1 (73.7) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.8 (37.0) |
4.6 (40.3) |
10.4 (50.7) |
17.1 (62.8) |
24.1 (75.4) |
29.6 (85.3) |
32.0 (89.6) |
30.7 (87.3) |
24.7 (76.5) |
16.8 (62.2) |
8.9 (48.0) |
4.0 (39.2) |
17.1 (62.9) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −0.8 (30.6) |
0.5 (32.9) |
5.5 (41.9) |
11.5 (52.7) |
17.9 (64.2) |
23.0 (73.4) |
25.7 (78.3) |
23.9 (75.0) |
18.0 (64.4) |
10.8 (51.4) |
4.5 (40.1) |
0.6 (33.1) |
11.8 (53.2) |
Record low °C (°F) | −26.0 (−14.8) |
−26.3 (−15.3) |
−18.9 (−2.0) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
2.6 (36.7) |
8.4 (47.1) |
13.5 (56.3) |
10.6 (51.1) |
2.0 (35.6) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
−15.3 (4.5) |
−22.1 (−7.8) |
−26.3 (−15.3) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 22 (0.9) |
28 (1.1) |
33 (1.3) |
28 (1.1) |
18 (0.7) |
5 (0.2) |
5 (0.2) |
8 (0.3) |
3 (0.1) |
13 (0.5) |
22 (0.9) |
21 (0.8) |
206 (8.1) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 8.9 | 8.9 | 6.7 | 8.2 | 4.8 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 1.7 | 3.6 | 6.5 | 9.8 | 62.7 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
78.0 | 73.5 | 62.8 | 58.2 | 46.3 | 37.5 | 36.3 | 33.1 | 37.5 | 50.7 | 69.1 | 78.7 | 55.1 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 118.7 | 137.1 | 181.1 | 226.0 | 294.6 | 344.7 | 352.2 | 342.8 | 296.5 | 236.1 | 174.1 | 110.3 | 2,814.2 |
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net,[15] climatebase.ru[16] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: NOAA (1961–1990)[17] |
References
- ^ a b Population of Serdar, all-populations.com (in Russian), retrieved 12 February 2022.
- ^ Kyzyl-Arvat as the former name
- ^ a b c "Farāva". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
- ^ Turkmenistan Geoname Changes/List of Current Names of Municipalities and Their Former Names/Cities with District Status
- ^ a b c "Постановление Меджлиса Милли Генгеша Туркменистана" (in Russian). Электронная газета «Золотой век». 10 November 2022.
- ^ a b Explanation card from the Museum of History in Gyzylarbat, Turkmenistan
- ^ a b Bulliet, Richard W. 2011. Cotton, climate, and camels in early Islamic Iran. New York: Columbia University Press. p.98
- ^ Columbia-Lippincott Gazetteer, p. 958
- ^ The British Intervention in Transcaspia, 1918–1919 by C. H. Ellis, University of California Press, 1963 p. 26
- ^ Michael Holm. "58th Motorised Rifle Division". www.ww2.dk. Retrieved 2016-03-18.
- ^ Кизил-Арват in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969–1978 (in Russian)
- ^ 1989 census USSR, listed as "г. Кизыл-Арват"
- ^ Turkmenistan, citypopulation.de
- ^ В городе Сердар запущен новый автобусный маршрут
- ^ КЛИМАТ УЛАН-БАТОРА (in Russian). Pogoda.ru.net. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
- ^ "Gyzylarbat, Turkmenistan". Climatebase.ru. Archived from the original on 10 October 2007. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
- ^ "Climate Normals for Gyzylarbat". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 10 October 2007. Retrieved 9 February 2013.