Sergei Krikalev
Sergei Krikalev | |
---|---|
Сергей Крикалёв | |
Born | |
Status | Retired |
Nationality |
|
Occupation | Mir LD-3 (Soyuz TM-12, Soyuz TM-13), STS-60, STS-88, Expedition 1 (Soyuz TM-31, STS-102), Expedition 11 (Soyuz TMA-6) |
Mission insignia |
Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev (
As a prominent
Krikalev was stranded on board the Mir during the dissolution of the Soviet Union. As the country that had sent him into space no longer existed, his return was delayed and he stayed in space for 311 consecutive days, twice as long as the mission had originally called for.[2]
He retired as a cosmonaut in 2007 and was working[when?] as vice president of Space Corporation Energia. From 2009 to 2014, he headed the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center.
Biography
Krikalev was born in
After graduation in 1981, he joined NPO Energia, the Russian industrial organization responsible for crewed space flight activities. He tested space flight equipment, developed space operations methods, and participated in ground control operations. When the Salyut 7 space station failed in 1985, he worked on the rescue mission team, developing procedures for docking with the uncontrolled station and repairing the station's on-board system.
Mir
Krikalev was selected as a
This training included preparations for at least six
In April 1990, Krikalev began preparing for his second flight as a member of the backup crew for the eighth long-duration Mir mission, which also included five EVAs and a week of Soviet-Japanese operations. In December 1990, Krikalev began training for the ninth Mir mission which included training for ten EVAs. Soyuz TM-12 launched on 19 May 1991, with Krikalev as flight engineer, Commander Anatoly Artsebarsky, and British astronaut Helen Sharman. Sharman returned to Earth with the following crew after one week, while Krikalev and Artsebarsky remained on Mir. During the summer, they conducted six EVAs to perform a variety of experiments and some station maintenance tasks.
In July 1991, Krikalev agreed to stay on Mir as flight engineer for the next crew, scheduled to arrive in October because the next two planned flights had been reduced to one. The
Throughout his various missions aboard Mir, Krikalev regularly communicated with various amateur radio operators (hams) across the globe. A particularly lengthy relationship was formed between Krikalev and amateur radio operator Margaret Iaquinto. At one point during one of his stays in space, he contacted her once a day for an entire year. Krikalev and Iaquinto successfully communicated via packet radio for the first time in history between an orbiting space station and an amateur radio operator. They communicated about personal matters, as well as political ones. Iaquinto set up a makeshift digital bulletin board that the Mir cosmonauts would often use to obtain uncensored western news and information regarding the state of the collapsing Soviet Union.[3]
Krikalev was in space when
Space Shuttle
In October 1992, NASA announced that an experienced cosmonaut would fly aboard a future
Krikalev flew on STS-60, the first joint U.S./Russian Space Shuttle Mission. Launched on 3 February 1994, STS-60 was the second flight of the
Krikalev returned to duty in Russia following his American experience on STS-60. Periodically he returned to the
Krikalev and
Krikalev flew on STS-88 Endeavour (4–15 December 1998), the first International Space Station assembly mission. During the 12-day mission the Unity module was mated with Zarya module. Two crew members performed three space walks to connect umbilicals and attach tools and hardware for use in future EVAs. The crew also performed IMAX Cargo Bay Camera (ICBC) operations, and deployed two satellites, Mighty Sat 1 and SAC-A. The mission was accomplished in 185 orbits of the Earth in 283 hours and 18 minutes.
International Space Station
Krikalev was a member of the Expedition 1 crew. They launched 31 October 2000, on a Soyuz rocket from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, successfully docking with the station on 2 November 2000. During their stay on the station, they prepared the inside of the orbital outpost for future crews. They also saw the station grow in size with the installation of the U.S. solar array structure and the U.S. Destiny Laboratory Module. They left the station with the STS-102 crew, undocking from the station on 18 March with landing at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on 21 March 2001.
Krikalev was also the commander of
Expedition 11 undocked from the ISS on 10 October 2005 at 5:49 p.m. EDT and landed in Kazakhstan on 10 October 2005 at 9:09 p.m. EDT. They were replaced by William S. McArthur and Valeri Tokarev, the crew of Expedition 12.[1]
In completing his sixth space flight, Krikalev logged 803 days and 9 hours and 39 minutes in space, including eight EVAs. He is currently fourth to
Krikalev's contributions to the ISS were not limited to his on-orbit time. On 15 June 2007, Krikalev was brought to the Russian
Later career
On 15 February 2007, Krikalev was appointed Vice President of the S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia (Russian: Ракетно-космическая корпорация "Энергия" им. С.П.Королева) in charge of crewed space flights.[citation needed] In that office, he was the administrator of the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center from 2009 to 2014.[11]
In popular culture
A character based on Krikalev features in the 2017 Cuban film drama Sergio and Sergei, in which a professor and amateur radio enthusiast in Havana contacts a cosmonaut named Sergei aboard the Mir space station. The film draws parallels between economic hardships in Cuba at the time and the fall of the Soviet Union, which occurred as the real-life Krikalev was aboard Mir.[12]
Chilean rock band Fulano composed a song after him, named Krikalev, included in their 1997 album "Trabajos Inútiles" (Useless works).
Public activities
From 1999 to 2007, Krikalev was President of the Russian Gliding Federation.
On 14 February 2012, Krikalev was approved as a member of the Public Chamber of the Central Federal District and a confidant of the Prime Minister and presidential candidate Vladimir Putin,[13] and at the first plenary meeting on 14 September of the same year, he was elected Secretary of the Chamber.[14]
On 12 April 2014, Krikalev was appointed Plenipotentiary Representative of the
In September 2016, Krikalev became a confidant of the United Russia party in the elections to the State Duma of the 7th Convocation.
Since 2017, Krikalev has been the President of the Aircraft Sports Federation of Russia. On 16 December 2017, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome, he became the Ambassador of the WorldSkills Kazan 2019 Championship.
In January 2018, Krikalev became a confidant of Vladimir Putin in the upcoming presidential elections on 18 March 2018.[17]
Krikalev is a member of the Expert Council of the National Prize "Crystal Compass"[18] and President of the International Environmental Foundation "Clean Seas" (since 2009).[19]
Missions
- Soyuz TM-7: Launched 26 November 1988
- Soyuz TM-12: Launched 19 May 1991
- STS-60 Space Shuttle Discovery: Launched 3 February 1994
- STS-88 Space Shuttle Endeavour: Launched 4 December 1998
- ISS Expedition 1: Launched 31 October 2000
- ISS Expedition 11: Launched 14 April 2005
Awards
He was a member of the Russian and
For his contributions to the Russian space program, he was the very first person awarded with the title of Hero of the Russian Federation.
For his space flight experience, he was awarded:
- the title of Hero of the Russian Federation;
- the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (USSR);
- the title of Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR (USSR);
- the Order of Lenin (USSR);
- Order For Merit to the Fatherland4th class;
- Order of Honour;
- Order of Friendship of Peoples (USSR);
- Medal "For Merit in Space Exploration";
- Medal "In Commemoration of the 300th Anniversary of Saint Petersburg".
Foreign awards:
- Officer of the Legion of Honour (France);
- NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal (USA);
- three NASA Space Flight Medals (USA).
He overtook
On 23 May 2007 Sergei Krikalev was selected as an
Krikalev was one of five cosmonauts selected to raise the Russian flag at the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics opening ceremony.[20]
See also
- List of human spaceflights chronologically
- List of ISS spacewalks
- List of Space Shuttle missions
- List of spacewalks and moonwalks
References
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the
- ^ a b c d "Cosmonaut biography: Sergei Krikalyov". spacefacts.de.
- ^ a b c Sinelschikova, Yekaterina (28 May 2019). "The last Soviet citizen: The cosmonaut who was left behind in space". www.rbth.com. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
- ^ "Paper Radio : The Cosmic Frequency". www.paperradio.net.
- ^ "Clocks, gravity and the limits of relativity | Human World | EarthSky". earthsky.org. 29 May 2019. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
- ^ McCall, Isaiah (18 April 2021). "Sergei Krikalev Is the Only Man to Ever Time Travel". History of Yesterday. Archived from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
- ^ "The Last Soviet Citizen". Discover Magazine. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
- ^ Dobbs, Michael (7 February 1992). "Junked in Space : Soviet Breakup Means an Orbiting Cosmonaut Is Delayed in Getting Back to Earth". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
- ^ "Andrei Ujica «Out of the Present» 1995. | Φrbit° sφaceφlace :: art in the age øf Φrbitizatiøn". www.orbit.zkm.de.
- ^ "Il cosmonauta sovietico rimasto nello spazio mentre non c'era più l'URSS" (in Italian). il Post. 24 May 2018. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
- ^ "В "Роскосмосе" сменили куратора пилотируемых программ". РИА Новости (in Russian). 6 November 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
- ^ "Sergio and Sergei".
- ^ "ЦФО / Новости Общественной палаты ЦФО /Состоялось заседание членов Общественной палаты Центрального федерального округа, утверждённых полномочным представителем Президента Российской Федерации в Центральном федеральном округе". Archived from the original on 14 December 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
- ^ "В Рязани состоялось первое пленарное заседание Общественной палаты Центрального федерального округа". Полномочный представитель Президента России в Центральном федеральном округе.
- ^ "Летчик-космонавт Крикалев назначен представителем губернатора Севастополя в Москве". meridian.in.ua.
- ^ "Космонавт Сергей Крикалёв стал представителем Севастополя в Москве" [Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev became the representative of Sevastopol in Moscow]. Rossiyskaya Gazeta. 12 April 2014. Archived from the original on 12 May 2014. Retrieved 11 May 2014.
- ^ "ЦИК зарегистрировал 259 доверенных лиц Путина на выборах президента - ТАСС". TACC. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
- ^ "Экспертный совет" [Expert Council]. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
- ^ "О фонде" [About the foundation]. Clean Seas Foundation. Archived from the original on 24 July 2015. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
- ^ "The XXII Olympic Winter Games in Sochi in 2014 has opened with a grand show". www.Sochi2014.com. 8 February 2014. Archived from the original on 6 July 2014. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
External links
- Energia biography of S. Krikalev Archived 8 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- NASA biography of S. Krikalev
- Spacefacts biography of S. Krikalev