Sérgio Vieira de Mello

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Sergio Vieira de Mello
)

Sérgio Vieira de Mello
Governor of East Timor)
Succeeded byXanana Gusmão
(as President of East Timor)
Personal details
Born(1948-03-15)15 March 1948
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Died19 August 2003(2003-08-19) (aged 55)
Baghdad, Iraq
Cause of deathKilled in the Canal Hotel bombing
Spouse
Annie Personnaz
(m. 1973⁠–⁠2003)
Domestic partnerCarolina Larriera (2001–2003; his death)
Children2
University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne
AwardsOrder of the Two Niles (1973)[1]

Sérgio Vieira de Mello (Portuguese pronunciation:

humanitarian and political programs for over 34 years. The Government of Brazil posthumously awarded the Sergio Vieira de Mello Medal to honor his legacy in promoting sustainable peace, international security and better living conditions for individuals in situations of armed conflict, challenges to which Sérgio Vieira de Mello had dedicated his life and career.[2]

He was killed in the

United Nations Special Representative for Iraq. Before his death, he was considered a likely candidate for UN Secretary-General
.

Biography and professional career

Vieira de Mello was born in

1968 student riots in Paris against the Charles de Gaulle government, and was hit in the head by a police baton, causing a permanent disfigurement above his right eye.[3] He also wrote a letter published in the French leftist journal Combat in support of the riots, which made his return to Brazil, at this stage a military dictatorship, potentially dangerous.[7] Thus, after graduating from the Sorbonne in 1969, he moved to Geneva to stay with a family friend, and found his first job as an editor at the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).[8]

From UNHCR, Vieira de Mello moved to the field in

War of Independence in 1971, and Sudan in 1972 following the Addis Ababa agreement that ended the First Sudanese Civil War and allowed the return of some 650,000 Sudanese refugees and displaced persons,[9] and Cyprus after the Turkish invasion in 1974.[10]

These early assignments were operational, rather than political; he was helping to organize food aid, shelter and other types of aid to refugees. Vieira de Mello remained in the field, with a posting in Mozambique to assist refugees fleeing white rule and civil war in Zimbabwe (at the time, still Rhodesia) where he was deputy head of the office. Due to the absence of his boss, he was effectively running the mission.[11]

Early in his career, he also completed an

PhD by correspondence from the Sorbonne.[12] His doctorate thesis, submitted in 1974, was entitled The Role of Philosophy in Contemporary Society.[13] In 1985, he submitted a second "state" doctorate, the highest degree in the French education system, entitled Civitas Maxima: Origins, Foundations and Philosophical and Political Significance of the Supranationality Concept.[14] In addition to his native Portuguese, Vieira de Mello was fluent in English, Spanish, Italian and French, as well as some conversational Arabic and Tetum
.

Vieira de Mello spent three years in charge of UNHCR operations in Mozambique during the civil war that followed its independence from Portugal in 1975, and three more years in Peru. Vieira de Mello also served as Special Envoy for the UNHCR for Cambodia, being the first and only UN Representative to hold talks with the Khmer Rouge. He became senior political adviser to the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon between 1981 and 1983. In 1985, he returned to Latin America to serve as head of the Argentina office in Buenos Aires.[15]

He spent the 1990s involved in the clearing of land mines in Cambodia, and then in Yugoslavia. After working on the refugee problem in central Africa, he was made Assistant High Commissioner for Refugees in 1996 and became Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator two years later. He would hold this position simultaneously with others until January 2001. He was a special UN envoy in Kosovo after the UN took control over the Serbian province in 1999.[16]

Vieira de Mello was instrumental in dealing with the issue of boat people in Hong Kong. In mid-2000, he visited Fiji together with Don McKinnon, the Commonwealth of Nations' Secretary-General, in an attempt to assist in finding a negotiated settlement to the hostage situation, in which Fiji's Prime Minister and other members of Parliament were kidnapped and held as hostages during the 2000 Fijian coup d'état.[17]

Before becoming the

UN Headquarters
.

In May 2003 Vieira de Mello was appointed as the Special Representative of the

UN Secretary-General to Iraq, an appointment initially intended to last for four months. According to The New York Times Magazine journalist James Traub in his book The Best Intentions, Vieira de Mello turned down the appointment three times before Kofi Annan was pressured by US President George W. Bush and Condoleezza Rice. According to Samantha Power in her book Sérgio: One Man's Fight to Save the World, Vieira de Mello met Bush at a meeting in March 2003, at which the two men discussed the human rights situation in the Guantanamo Bay detention camp, a controversial issue for the United States. In June 2003, Vieira de Mello was part of a team responsible for inspecting Abu Ghraib prison before it was rebuilt.[18]

Death

U.S. soldiers placing Vieira de Mello's casket into an SUV.

Vieira de Mello was working as United Nations Special Representative for Iraq when he was killed[19] in the Canal Hotel bombing. Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, a leader of the al-Qaeda terrorist organization, claimed responsibility for the blast.[20] A communiqué from al-Qaeda said that de Mello was assassinated because he had helped East Timor become an independent state, thereby stealing territory from the Islamic caliphate.[21]

He had been mentioned in some circles as a suitable candidate for UN Secretary-General.[22] His death was widely mourned, largely on account of his reputation for effectively working to promote peace. Despite his stated wishes to be buried in Rio de Janeiro, his hometown, the place he lived for 34 years, and where he was given a state funeral with full military honors that was attended by President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and other international dignitaries, his body was taken away from Brazil and he was buried at the Cimetière des Rois in Geneva, Switzerland.[23] He was survived by his two sons, Adrien and Laurent.[24]

Personal life

In 1973, he met and married Annie Personnaz, a French staff member at UNHCR Headquarters in Geneva, with whom he had two sons, Laurent and Adrien.[19] They lived in the French town of Thonon-les-Bains, before moving a few years later to a permanent home in the French village of Massongy, near the Geneva border.[25]

Despite still being married, the couple was separated prior to Sérgio's death, with a divorce lawsuit filed on 9 January 2003, which was never executed.[26]

From 2001 onwards, he was in a relationship with Carolina Larriera [pt], whom he had met in East Timor where she worked as part of the General Service support staff of the UN mission.

Sérgio and Carolina had a union that lasted until his death.[27][28][29][30] The civil union -only valid in Brazil despite bigamy being illegal- was the result of a lawsuit won by Larriera against his wife, heirs and the estate, after a process of more than ten years.[26]

The UN failed to recognize officially the union between Sérgio and Carolina. Carolina claims that she was excluded from the list of survivors of the Canal Hotel bombing, and her comments were not taken into account for the report regarding the attack.[31] After his death, she was not invited to any of the United Nations celebrations of his life, while the ex-wife Annie was recognized by the UN as Sérgio's widow.

Annie still lives in France, and has co-founded a Swiss charity – the Sérgio Vieira de Mello Foundation – with his two sons and close friends and colleagues to honor his name and memory.[32]

Awards and recognition

Vieira de Mello received a number of posthumous awards and honours, chief of which was the

Legion d'honneur, France's highest honor, given to his widow and two sons in Geneva, he was also awarded the Order of Rio Branco, the highest honor from the Government of Brazil to be given to a citizen, the Pedro Ernesto Medal, the highest honor in his hometown of Rio de Janeiro, in 2003. In April 2004, Sérgio Vieira de Mello was posthumously awarded the "Statesman of the Year Award" by the EastWest Institute. Also in 2004, he received the Pax Christi International Peace Award
.

Following the initiative of the Villa Decius Association, the Polish Prize of Sérgio Vieira de Mello was established in the year 2003 with the aim to promote human rights, democracy and tolerance and had its first edition in 2004.[33]

Logo of the Centro Sérgio Vieira de Mello

Sérgio Vieira de Mello Center

The Sérgio Vieira de Mello Center was founded by his mother, Gilda Vieira de Mello, and Sérgio's surviving spouse Carolina Larriera, also a former UN diplomat and Harvard trained professional, to honor his legacy, and works with a network of supporters out of Brazil, Sergio's country of nationality and Timor-Leste, the country he helped create – around the world.[34]

The Sérgio Vieira de Mello Center works through a nationwide network of universities specialized in international relations and the future generation of world ambassadors. Specifically, the Sérgio Vieira de Mello Center focuses on the use of technology, entrepreneurism, and networks to mobilize mentors and disciples and build a sustainable peace model that can be easily replicated. It engages Harvard and MIT engineers and education professionals to empower local communities and schools. The Center matches ivory tower professionals with base of the pyramid and disenfranchised youth, identifying easily obtained opportunities. With ANAPRI, the National Association of International Relations Professionals is mobilizing Congress for more resources for the professionalization of the sector.

The Center engages and actively supports a network of more than one hundred schools and institutions bearing Sérgio's name in Brazil and abroad, and provides teaching tools and in-kind material. It also runs the Gilda Vieira de Mello for her Son Sergio Vieira de Mello awarded annually in Geneva.[clarification needed]

Logo of the SVDM Foundation.

Sergio Vieira de Mello Foundation

The Sergio Vieira de Mello Foundation was created in 2007 to honor his memory, pursue his ideals and continue his unfinished mission. The Foundation was established in Geneva, at the initiative of his two sons and his estranged wife, with some friends and colleagues.

José Manuel Durão Barroso in 2011, and by Cornelio Sommaruga in 2012. Lectures take place at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies
in Geneva.

On 11 December 2008, the United Nations General Assembly made history when it adopted Swedish-sponsored GA Resolution A/63/L.49 on the Strengthening of the Coordination of Emergency Assistance of the United Nations,[36] that amongst other important humanitarian decisions, decided to designate 19 August as the World Humanitarian Day (WHD). The Resolution gives for the first time, a special recognition to all humanitarian and United Nations and associated personnel who have worked in the promotion of the humanitarian cause and those who have died in the cause of duty and urges all Member States, entities of the United Nations within existing resources, as well as the other International Organizations and Non-Governmental Organizations to observe it annually in an appropriate way. As a background to this landmark resolution, the family of Sérgio Vieira de Mello resolved to work towards having 19 August recognized as a befitting tribute to all humanitarian personnel. Early April 2008 the Board of the Sérgio Vieira de Mello Foundation prepared a draft Resolution to be sponsored and adopted by the General Assembly designating 19 August as World Humanitarian Day. France, Switzerland, Japan and Brazil, contacted with the draft Resolution, agreed to co-sponsor it.

Sérgio Vieira de Mello founded the United Nations Housing Rights Programme, currently a part of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme, aims to "assist States and other stakeholders with the implementation of their commitments in the Habitat Agenda".[37]

The new square dedicated to Sérgio Vieira de Mello in Bologna, Italy (January 2011)

After his death, the Italian city of Bologna dedicated to Sergio Vieira de Mello a square (Piazza Sérgio Vieira de Mello) situated in a modern part of the central quartiere Navile.

Vieira de Mello's life was the subject of the 2020 biopic Sergio, starring Wagner Moura in the title role.

Career chronology

See also

Further reading

References

  1. .
  2. ^ "Medalha Sergio Vieira de Mello". 1 April 2016. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d Power (2008), p. 16
  4. ^ Power, Samantha (30 March 2010). Sergio: One Man's Fight to Save the World. Penguin Books. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
  5. ^ Power (2008), pp. 16–17
  6. ^ "Maison de l'Argentine". Retrieved 10 April 2020.
  7. ^ Power (2008), p. 20
  8. ^ Power (2008), p. 22
  9. ^ Power (2008), pp. 26–27
  10. ^ Power (2008), pp. 25–33
  11. ^ Power (2008), pp. 26 (Bangladesh), 27 (Sudan), 31 (Cyprus) & 32 (Mozambique)
  12. ^ Power (2008), pp. 25–31
  13. ^ Power (2008), p. 31
  14. ^ Power (2008), p. 71
  15. ^ "Fundación ACNUR Argentina | Agencia de la ONU para refugiados". Fundación ACNUR Argentina. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
  16. ^ Thakur, Ramesh (19 July 2013). "Is the United Nations racist?". The Hindu. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  17. ^ "AM Archive – Fiji Chiefs' decision still unknown". www.abc.net.au. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
  18. ^ Gourevitch & Morris (2008), p. 34
  19. ^
  20. ^ Benson, Pam, "CIA: Zarqawi tape 'probably authentic' Archived 3 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine", CNN World, 7 April 2004.
  21. ^ Hitchens, Christopher (3 October 2005). "Don't bother looking for explanations for terrorist attacks". Slate Magazine. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
  22. ^ Power 2008, p. 8.
  23. La Nacion
    . 21 August 2003.
  24. ^ "Structure of the Foundation – Sergio Vieira de Mello Foundation". Retrieved 21 April 2020.
  25. .
  26. ^ a b "Ordonnance de Non Conciliation" (PDF). Tribunal de Grande Instance de Thonon Les Bains.
  27. ^ "La batalla que la pareja de comisionado de DDHH le ganó a la ONU". The Clinic. 30 August 2018.
  28. ^ "Uma voz para as vítimas". O Globo. 19 August 2018.
  29. ^ "Uma voz para as vítimas". Publico. 19 August 2018.
  30. ^ "Carolina Larriera quebra o silêncio após 14 anos de injustiças". Claudia. 18 October 2017.
  31. ISSN 0261-3077
    . Retrieved 25 August 2020.
  32. .
  33. ^ [1] Polish Prize of Sergio Vieira de Mello
  34. ^ "Sergio Vieira de Mello Center – English". sergiovieirademello.org. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
  35. ^ "Sergio Vieira de Mello Foundation – Humanitarian action through dialogue". Retrieved 30 May 2020.
  36. ^ United Nations General Assembly Session 63 Resolution A-63-L.49. World Humanitarian Day A/63/L.49 11 December 2008. Retrieved 11 December 2008.
  37. ^ "Housing rights". UN-HABITAT. Archived from the original on 25 February 2009. Retrieved 13 December 2009.

Bibliography

External links

Interviews

Films

Positions in intergovernmental organisations
Preceded by Undersecretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and
Emergency Relief Coordinator

1998–2001
Succeeded by
Preceded by
Mary Robinson (1997–2002)
UN High Commissioner for Human Rights

2002–2003
Succeeded by
Bertrand Ramcharan (2003–2004) Louise Arbour (2004)
Preceded by
Nicolau dos Reis Lobato (nominal President of East Timor) 1978
UN Administrator for East Timor

1999–2002
Succeeded by
Xanana Gusmão as President of East Timor
Preceded by
N/A
Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Iraq
2003
Succeeded by