Serum amyloid P component

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Serum amyloid P
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APCS
Gene ontology
Molecular function
Cellular component
Biological process
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Ensembl

ENSG00000132703

ENSMUSG00000026542

UniProt

P02743

P12246

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001639

NM_011318

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001630

NP_035448

Location (UCSC)Chr 1: 159.59 – 159.59 MbChr 1: 172.72 – 172.72 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

The serum amyloid P component (SAP) is the identical serum form of the amyloid P component (AP), a 25 kDa pentameric protein first identified as the pentagonal constituent of in vivo pathological deposits called "amyloid".[5] APCS is its human gene.[6]

In amyloidosis

SAP makes up 14% of the dry mass of amyloid deposits

SAP scintigraphy whereby radio-labelled protein is injected into patients to locate areas of amyloid deposition.[10] The SAP-amyloid association has also been identified as a possible drug target for anti-amyloid therapy, with the recent development and first stage clinical trials of a compound called CPHPC (R-1-[6-[R-2-carboxy-pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-oxohexanoyl] pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a small molecule able to strip AP from deposits by reducing levels of circulating SAP.[11]

Structure

SAP is a member of the pentraxins family, characterised by calcium-dependent ligand binding and a distinctive flattened β-jellyroll structure similar to that of the legume lectins.[12] The name "pentraxin" is derived from the Greek words for five (penta) and berries (ragos), relating to the radial symmetry of five monomers forming a ring approximately 95 across and 35 deep. Human SAP has 51% sequence homology with C-reactive protein (CRP), a classical acute phase response plasma protein, and is a more distant relative to the "long" pentraxins such as PTX3 (a cytokine-modulated molecule) and several neuronal pentraxins. Both SAP and CRP are evolutionary conserved in all vertebrates and are also found in distant invertebrates such as the horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus).[13]

References

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000132703 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000026542 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. doi:10.1016/0005-2795(67)90420-5
    .
  6. ^ "Entrez Gene: APCS amyloid P component, serum".
  7. ISBN 0-444-90124-8
    .
  8. S2CID 19553541
    .
  9. PMID 7753801
    .
  10. S2CID 8549928
    .
  11. S2CID 733818
    .
  12. S2CID 4284282
    .
  13. doi:10.3109/13506129709003838
    .
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