Seth Bullock
Seth Bullock | |
---|---|
Born | |
Died | September 23, 1919 Deadwood, South Dakota, U.S. | (aged 70)
Resting place | Mount Moriah Cemetery |
Occupation(s) | Lawman, frontiersman, store owner, horse breeder, hotel owner, investor |
Political party | Republican |
Spouse | |
Children | 3 |
Seth Bullock (July 23, 1849 – September 23, 1919) was a Canadian-American frontiersman, business proprietor, politician, sheriff, and U.S. Marshal. He was a prominent citizen in Deadwood, South Dakota, where he lived from 1876 until his death, operating a hardware store and later a large hotel, the Bullock Hotel.
Early life
Many of the details of Bullock's early life are lost. He was born in
His father, retired British Army Sergeant Major and hero George Bullock, was known to be active in the politics of
By 1860, Bullock's father, George Bullock, was forced to resign his position as County Treasurer due to missing funds. To avoid prosecution in Canada, Bullock's father fled across the border to Detroit, Michigan, leaving his eight children alone in Sandwich. Bullock's mother had died during this time, so the children were left to take care of themselves. The property owned by Bullock's father in Sandwich was either seized by his creditors or sold at public auction in 1863, as he had defaulted on his mortgage and other debt obligations.[2]
Bullock's childhood was not a happy one. His father was a strict disciplinarian, known to beat young Seth for minor infractions. Bullock ran away first at age 13, then again at age 16 to Montana to live temporarily with his older sister, Jessie Bullock. By age 18, he had permanently left home.[1]
Helena
In 1867, Bullock became a resident of Helena, Montana, where he unsuccessfully ran for the Territorial Legislature. He was subsequently elected as a Republican to the Territorial Senate,[3] served in 1871 and 1872, and helped create Yellowstone National Park.[4]
In 1873, he was elected sheriff of Lewis and Clark County, Montana.[5] During his tenure as sheriff, he killed his first man, Clell Watson. Watson had stolen a horse and engaged in a gunfight with Bullock, in which Bullock was slightly wounded in the shoulder. Watson was then taken into custody.
Watson was prepared to be hanged, but a mob appeared and scared off the executioner. Bullock climbed the scaffold and pulled the lever, sending Watson to his death. Bullock then held off the mob with a shotgun. This incident was recreated in the pilot episode of
Soon after this event, Bullock and Sol Star opened a hardware store.[3] In August 1876, they decided that an untapped market for hardware existed in the gold rush town of Deadwood, in the Dakota Territory. The two purchased a lot in Deadwood and set up shop there as the "Office of Star and Bullock, Auctioneers and Commission Merchants," first in a tent and then a building.[3]
Deadwood, South Dakota
Deadwood was a lawless, rowdy camp. According to several historians, including John Ames in "The Real Deadwood" and Kenneth C. Kellar in "Seth Bullock: Frontier Marshal Deadwood", days after Bullock and Star's arrival, Wild Bill Hickok was murdered by Jack McCall. McCall shot Hickok in the back of the head while he sat playing poker. McCall was found not guilty by an impromptu camp court and released, after which he promptly left town. McCall was later re-tried, found guilty, and executed. The demand for law enforcement grew following Hickok's murder and Bullock's background made him the logical choice for Deadwood's first sheriff.[8] However, he was not elected to the position, but rather was appointed by then-Governor Pennington of Dakota Territory in March 1877.[9]
Bullock's tenure as appointed sheriff lasted approximately nine months.[10] During his tenure as the appointed sheriff, Bullock took his job seriously, deputizing several residents and tackling the job of civilizing the camp. Despite (or perhaps because of) a reputation for fearlessness and an uncompromising nature, Bullock managed the task without killing anyone. Bullock had several "run-ins" with Al Swearengen, proprietor of the notorious Gem Theater, Deadwood's most notable brothel. Swearengen had a knack for making money from vice and shrewdly invested some of his profits in cultivating alliances with the camp's wealthy and powerful.[8]
In November 1877, a special election was held in Lawrence County, where Deadwood was located. Bullock was the candidate for sheriff on the Peoples Party (Republican) ticket, and John J. Manning was the candidate for the Democratic Party. Manning won the election, thereby becoming the first elected sheriff for Lawrence County of which the main city was Deadwood.
In 1878, Bullock again ran for sheriff of Lawrence County on the Republican ticket, and faced incumbent John Manning. As was the case in 1877, Manning won the election against Bullock and was awarded a two-year term as sheriff.[11]
Bullock was appointed Marshal in 1905 by President Theodore Roosevelt and again in 1909 by President William Howard Taft.[12] When appointed sheriff, one of Bullock's first duties was to confront Dodge City Deputy Marshal Wyatt Earp, who was possibly interested in the sheriff's job. Bullock told Earp that his services were not needed. A week later, Earp left Deadwood to return to Dodge City.[13]
Having attained some stability in Deadwood, Bullock brought his wife Martha Eccles Bullock and daughter, Margaret, to town from her parents' home in Michigan, where they had been living during this period. They subsequently had another daughter, Florence, and a son, Stanley.[8]
Bullock and Star purchased a ranch where Redwater Creek met the Belle Fourche River and dubbed it the S&B Ranch Company. Bullock is also credited with introducing alfalfa farming to South Dakota in 1881. Later, he became a deputy U.S. Marshal, partnered with Star and Harris Franklin in the Deadwood Flouring Mill, and invested in mining, the local growth industry. Bullock and Star eventually expanded their business interests to the towns of Spearfish, Sturgis, and Custer.[8]
Bullock, then a deputy sheriff from Medora, North Dakota, met Theodore Roosevelt in 1884 while bringing a horse thief known as Crazy Steve into custody on the range, near what would become the town of Belle Fourche.[14] The two became lifelong friends,[15] Roosevelt later saying of Bullock, "Seth Bullock is a true Westerner, the finest type of frontiersman."
Belle Fourche and the Bullock Hotel
Bullock and Star contributed further to the economic development of the region by convincing the
Bullock and Star's hardware store in Deadwood burned down in 1894. Rather than rebuild, they built Deadwood's first hotel on the site—a three-story, 63-room luxury hotel. The Bullock Hotel continues to operate to this day, now incorporating a casino.[3]
Later life and death
Bullock's friendship with Roosevelt led to his becoming a captain of Troop A in Grigsby's Cowboy Regiment. This was another volunteer cavalry regiment that Congress authorized in the spring of 1898. It was similar in composition to
Congress gave Roosevelt the authority to raise up to four divisions similar to the Rough Riders; however, as commander-in-chief, President Woodrow Wilson refused to use the volunteers and the unit was disbanded.[17] After Roosevelt's death in January 1919, Bullock created a monument to him with the aid of the Black Hill Pioneers, dedicated on July 4, 1919, on Sheep Mountain, which was renamed Mount Roosevelt.[18]
Bullock died of
In popular culture
Bullock was portrayed by Timothy Olyphant in HBO's critically acclaimed TV series Deadwood (2004–2006).[22] Olyphant reprised the role for the HBO sequel Deadwood: The Movie (2019).[23]
References
- ^ ISBN 978-0-9798940-5-3.
- ^ "A Case of Mistaken Identity" (PDF). marshcollection.org. p. 6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 September 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-61423-675-7.
- ^ "U.S. Marshals Service, History, United States Marshal Seth Bullock". Usmarshals.gov. Archived from the original on May 26, 2014. Retrieved July 18, 2012.
- ISBN 978-0-8061-3191-7.
- ISBN 978-1-4411-2652-8.
- ^ Seth Bullock. 1893 Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site. http://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org/Research/Digital-Library/Record.aspx?libID=o283087 Archived 2014-12-11 at the Wayback Machine. Theodore Roosevelt Digital Library. Dickinson State University.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-7006-1518-6.
- ^ "Legendary Lawman Seth Bullock". Officer.com. 25 August 2011. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
- ISBN 9780979894053. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
- ^ "Bismarck Tribune (Bismarck, Dakota Territory)". No. Pg. 1, col. 1. November 11, 1878. Archived from the original on 2023-10-09. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
- ^ Deadshot in Deadwood: Pettigrew Visits the Black Hills. Reprint of : The Sunshine State Magazine. Sioux Falls, SD: Siouxland Heritage Museums. 2002 [March, 1926]. p. 7.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: others (link) - ISBN 978-1-59609-031-6.
- ^ Hagedorn, Hermann (1921). Roosevelt in the Bad Lands. Houghton Mifflin. pp. 459–460.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4930-2444-5.
- ISBN 978-1-4671-1809-5.
- LCCN 17025965.
- ]
- ^ Wolff, David A. (2009). Seth Bullock: Black Hills Lawman. South Dakota: South Dakota State Historical Society Press. p. 163.
- ISBN 978-0-87351-552-8.
- ISBN 978-0-7627-6171-5. Archivedfrom the original on November 25, 2023. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
- ISBN 978-0-292-78331-7.
- ^ Sepinwall, Alan (May 22, 2019). "Bullock's Last Stand: Timothy Olyphant on 'Deadwood: The Movie' and David Milch". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on May 22, 2019. Retrieved May 22, 2019.
Further reading
- Wolff, David A. (March 2024). "Seth Bullock: Lawman, Entrepreneur, and Civil Servant". Wild West History Association Journal. XVII (1). Wild West History Association: 18–31. ISSN 2476-0285.
External links
- Seth Bullock Biography, Black Hills Visitor magazine
- Seth Bullock – Finest Type of Frontiersman, Legends of America (travel site)
- Seth Bullock at Find a Grave