Sexual violence against Tamils in Sri Lanka

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Sexual violence against Tamils in Sri Lanka
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Sri Lankan Army in Jaffna, who were reported to have molested and occasionally raped Tamil women.[6]

Further rapes of

1981 and 1983 anti-Tamil pogroms.[7][8][9]

Following the

Sri Lankan Police.[18][19][11]

The LTTE has been noted for its general lack of use of sexual violence,[20][21][22] though there have been isolated instances of rape of Tamils by LTTE members. Some LTTE members accused of rape faced execution from the leadership.[note 2]

Sri Lankan Tamil refugees who fled to India have also been victims of frequent rape and sex slavery by Indian security guards and intelligence police.[23]

Many rapes went unreported during the conflict due to various factors, including intimidation from the perpetrators, impunity for the crime,[note 3][note 4] and the severe stigma attached to it in conservative Tamil society.[note 5][27][28]

Sex slavery and mass rape of Tamils by government forces peaked at the end of the war in 2009, and persisted in the post-war era, with human rights groups describing it as 'systematic'.[note 6][30]

army
official saying the following in 2010:

"Throughout their training, our boys are taught to hate the Tigers, they see them as disgusting animals, not fit to live. I am 200 per cent sure that they didn't rape Tamil women. Why would they fuck them if they hate them so much?"[31]

1950s

1958 anti-Tamil pogrom

In May 1958 following tensions arising from the Sinhala Only Act, the abrogation of the Banda-Chelva pact and continuing Tamil protests against discrimination, an island-wide pogrom was unleashed against Tamils by organized Sinhala mobs.[5]

Sinhala journalist Tarzie Vittachi recounts the frequent use of rape by these mobs in his book "Emergency '58", where he describes a Sinhala 'Hamudawa' (army) composed of Sinhala laborers from various state departments and farms, who went on the rampage raping, looting and beating up hundreds of Tamils.[5] One account of rape recounted by Vittachi describes a Tamil officer who became mentally unstable as a result of being unable to defend his wife and daughter from the sexual assault:

"Another Tamil officer working in the same Government department was not so fortunate. The thugs stormed into his house and assaulted his wife and grown-up daughter in the presence of his little child. His mind cracked under the shock."[5]

1960s

Following the 1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, the Ceylon government sent the military to the north under emergency rule, which enabled them to "operate brutally with impunity".[6]

According to Professor Neil DeVotta, Tamils were subsequently "ordered about and searched in a humiliating fashion" by soldiers, as well as being beaten or stoned by soldiers in passing military vehicles. Tamil women were also occasionally raped by the army, particularly when the soldiers were drunk on toddy.[6][32]

1970s

1977 anti-Tamil pogrom

In response to Tamils voting for a party that espoused Tamil independence, state forces orchestrated another violent pogrom on Tamils in 1977. Hundreds of Tamils were killed and raped throughout the island. The following Tamil victims of rape are from the Sansoni commission report of 1980:[7]

  • A young woman who was living with her parents at Bollegala, Kelaniya, was gang raped by two Sinhalese men in her own home after her parents were threatened with violence to leave the house, on 20 August 1977.[7]
  • A woman from the Neboda Estate was dragged away and raped by two Sinhalese men on 22 August when she went to the aid of her uncle Perumal who was being stabbed during an attack on the estate lines.[7]
  • A woman from the Frotoft Estate, Ramboda was gang raped by three Sinhalese men during a mob attack near Nillala estate on 18 August. Her jewellery was also stolen.[7]
  • An 18-year-old woman who worked on Lolgama Division. On 19 August, she saw persons coming from Galabodawatte Colony. They attacked her line room, and 6 men carried her to the bushes and raped her.[7]
  • On the evening of 18 August about 35 Sinhalese went to the house of a Tamil man in Kotagoda, Matale. He was hit and made to fall down. His house was looted and his six daughters, between the ages of 12 and 27 years were taken to a jungle 500 yards away and gang raped by about 8–9 men.[7]
  • In Ibbankatuwa, some 50 estate Tamil families cultivated about 300 acres there. On the night of 17 August, their houses were all set on fire. When the Tamils eventually returned to their homes they were attacked by an armed Sinhala mob. 5 Tamil men were stabbed and clubbed to death. The witness of this attack spoke of 3 cases of rape. This included his own sister-in-law who was raped by one of the killers. Another girl was raped by 5 Sinhala men; and yet another girl was also raped.[7]
  • On Karadupona Estate a Tamil worker was murdered by a Sinhala mob. Another Tamil worker said that she was raped by the son of a Sinhalese worker. Another Tamil worker complained of being raped by a Sinhala estate watcher.[7]
  • A worker on Rosyth Estate, Kegalle stated that 4 Sinhala men dragged her to the jungle and raped her on 20 August following attacks on their lines.[7]

In a letter addressed to President J. R. Jayewardene, the leader of the main Tamil party, A. Amirthalingam accused Sinhala hoodlums of raping around 200 women during the 1977 pogrom.[33] His wife Mangayarkarasi Amirthalingam emotionally recounted some incidents of rape that occurred during the 1977 pogrom and said "Tamil women could not walk the streets during nights in safety."[34]

1980s

1981 anti-Tamil pogrom

In 1981 members of the ruling

pogrom against the Tamils.[8] In the London Observer of 20 September 1981, Brian Eads reported that "25 people died, scores of women were gang raped, and thousands were made homeless, losing all their meagre belongings".[8]

1983 anti-Tamil pogrom

Black July 1983 was the largest pogrom orchestrated by the Sri Lankan government against the Tamils. Up to 3000 Tamils were massacred in cold blood throughout the island. Countless women were raped with impunity.

Prior to the pogrom during the week of 18 July 1983, three Tamil schoolgirls were raped by Sinhalese soldiers in Jaffna, following which one of victims committed suicide.[35]

The following accounts of rape occurred during the pogrom:

Eelam war I

Full-scale war broke out between the Sri Lankan Army and Tamil militant groups after Black July 1983. The Sri Lankan armed forces resorted to punitive mass rape of thousands of Tamil women in the North-East during the civil war.[39]

1984

  • On 11 September 1984, the Sri Lankan Army massacred 17 Tamil civilians and gang raped two Tamil women travelling in a private bus to Jaffna. Survivors later found the two young women in the jungle where their assailants had taken them. They screamed and wept on seeing them. "Give us some poison. We prefer to die here than to return to our houses in this state," they declared.[40][41]
  • In November 1984, the Sri Lankan Army launched an offensive on the Tamils of Jaffna. Journalist David Graves of the London
    Daily Telegraph stated that "the only talk on the front line in Jaffna was death and fear where the Sri Lankan armed forces had unleashed a bloody campaign and where they are committing the most grotesque crimes away from international notice." He also reported that Jaffna was under siege and that the 800,000 inhabitants of the peninsula were living in the "shadow of murder, arson, bombings and lootings."[42]
  • 'A sobbing young woman, eight months pregnant, whose husband is working overseas, told me she was raped by a soldier at gunpoint the night before while other troops burned her mother's home.' stated David Graves in the same article. He spent three days listening to a "series of appalling stories of rape, massacre and intimidation."[42]
  • In November 1984, Sinhalese convicts were settled in the Kent and Dollar farms after the Tamil civilians living there were evicted by the Sri Lankan Army. The settlement of prisoners was used to further harass Tamils into leaving the area. The Sinhala settlers confirmed that young Tamil women were abducted, brought there and gang-raped, first by the forces, next by prison guards and finally by prisoners.[43][44][45]
  • In December 1984, a day after the LTTE attack at Kokkilai, a Sinhalese mob led by Sri Lankan Army soldiers invaded the Tamil village of Thennaimaravadi, yelling for revenge. The village was burnt to the ground and a few Tamils were shot dead by the army. Tamil women were also raped.[44]

1985

  • In February 1985, the Sri Lankan army massacred, tortured and raped several Tamil civilians in
    Mannar district. Survivors who fled to India recounted how they witnessed their women being raped, and their relatives being tortured and killed. A mother and daughter, Parvathy (45) and Lakshmi (16) worked as maids for a rich Tamil family in Pesalai. One day while they were working in the kitchen, Sinhala army men burst into the house, pushed away the children and trampled on them with their heavy army boots. They then proceeded to gang rape the women. The maids managed to escape unnoticed by jumping out of the kitchen window.[46]
  • In the same article, Dharmakulasingham, a journalist from
    army were raping Tamil women and torturing children. He stated that Tamil youth were "herded into large gunny bags and sewn up" before being burned alive. He also said that women were "beaten up mercilessly and gang-raped" by the army to satisfy their lust before being "shot like dogs".[46]
  • In the second week of April 1985, pushing a policy of divide and conquer, President J. R. Jayewardene sent M. H. Mohamed, along with his henchmen to attack Tamils in the village of Karaitivu (Ampara).[47] Muslim youth with the support of the security forces killed several Tamils and burned over 2000 Tamil homes, rendering 15,000 Tamils homeless.[48] A.R.M Imtiyaz interviewed Muslim youths from the surrounding villages who confirmed that Muslim young men sexually abused and raped several poor young Tamil women.[49]
  • On May 13, 1985, the Sri Lankan Army brutally raped a 6-month-pregnant mother (25) in the village of Nayanmarkaddu, Jaffna.[50]
  • An attack on the Tamil village of Kiliveddy, Trincomalee District commenced on 31 May 1985 at 8:30 pm. A police party and Home Guards from the Sinhala village Serunuwara were responsible for the attack. A total of 175 houses were burnt during the attack and scores killed. Two young Tamil women were raped after being taken to the adjacent Sinhala colony of Dehiwatte.[51]
  • On July 17, 1985, Sri Lankan soldiers abducted a 14 year old Tamil girl from a refugee camp in Kathiraveli and took her to an isolated tile factory owned by a Sinhalese. They then brutally gang raped her.[52]
  • On 6 October 1985, in Mankerni, Batticaloa, 2 pregnant Tamil women were taken away by the army in a midnight house-to-house search and then raped.[53]
  • On 9 November 1985, Sri Lankan security forces entered the home of Mr. Mylvaganam in Kantalai, Trincomalee during the night and took away six Tamil civilians, including his two daughters. Their dead bodies were later found and medical examination revealed that the two daughters, Rajeswary (24) and Shanthini (22), had been raped before being killed.[54]
  • On 5 December 1985, 4 women from Tamil households in Munnampodivettai,
    army men came to her house, removed her husband and then gang raped her in succession.[55]
  • During a search operation by the Sri Lankan security forces between 10 and 11 December 1985 in Mutur, Trincomalee, 6 Tamil women were raped.[56]
  • On 19 December 1985, two married Tamil women in a distraught state complained to the Trincomalee Citizens Committee that they had been raped by Home Guards in Periyakulam, Trincomalee.[57]
  • On 25 December 1985, 5
    Muttur, Trincomalee District. This was revealed during a magisterial inquiry.[58]
  • In 1985 Tamil journalist Taraki Sivaram met a pretty Tamil woman called Rani from the poverty stricken village of Pulankulam, Trincomalee District. The village consisted of mud and straw huts, and the area had been given a new Sinhala name. Rani told him she had been raped and displaced by the Sri Lankan Army. When Sivaram went to visit the village later on, he found it to be burned to the ground.[59]

1986

"Our Tamil armed group brothers of freedom fighters who helped the army watched us being sexually assaulted; but some I saw had tears in their eyes as their hands are tied. The army did not even leave me as a 13 years old or my sister who is 6 years old. My sisters' bodies got frozen and never talk about any thing. Our mothers told us not to say any thing to our neighbors or the world as she did not trust the world and worried that our future will be destroyed as we were told. One day a sister from our neighborhood committed suicide. We asked what happened, the parents kept quiet. Later my mother told me that she was raped and killed herself as she does not want to see this terrifying world."[63]

  • In October 1986, the
    Sri Lankan Army entered the interior village of Pullumalai, Batticaloa District. During a round-up, more than 50 Tamils were taken prisoner, another 18 were executed, and some Tamil girls were raped. The entire village fled and were made refugees during the assault.[68] In the course of a subsequent inquiry on the attack, relatives revealed that 3 married women were raped by the army, with 2 of them later being gunned down by the soldiers.[69]

1987

IPKF period

From October 1987, the

LTTE in order to disarm them. During this conflict, the IPKF raped thousands of Tamil women.[39] One IPKF
official excused these rapes by stating the following:

"I agree that rape is a heinous crime. But my dear, all wars have them. There are psychological reasons for them such as battle fatigue."[28]

1987

1988

  • On 25 January 1988, the body of a 30 year old Tamil woman was found in a well. She had committed suicide after being raped by IPKF soldiers who had visited her house. The postmortem found clear evidence of rape, with lacerations to her vagina and bruises on the labia.[28]
  • On 29 January 1988, at 12:10 pm, a 22 year old Tamil student was raped by 4 IPKF soldiers behind the bushes, after they separated her from her semi-blind father near a temple in Jaffna.[28]
  • Havildar Badan Singh of the IPKF committed sodomy against 4 LTTE male activists during their detention at Jaffna fort in January–February 1988.[75]
  • On 1 February 1988, an IPKF soldier of 12 Grenadiers – Khem Raj Meena – faced imprisonment and dismissal from service for attempting to rape another married Tamil woman at Thunnalai south, Point Pedro.[75]
  • On 27 May 1988, two IPKF soldiers, Latur Lal and Babu Lal of 12 Grenadiers, faced dismissal and a year's imprisonment for raping a married Tamil woman at Karaveddy during Operation Pawan.[75]
  • On 15 November 1988, 6 members of the IPKF raped 7 Tamil women in Jaffna. The victims of rape were Mrs. Sushila Veerasingam, Miss Manjulu Nadarajah, Miss Mala Asaipillai, Miss Rani Subramaniam, Miss Rajani Subramaniam, Miss Thayalini Sundaram and Miss Syamala Rajaratnam.[78]
  • Amnesty International reported an increasing number of allegations that IPKF personnel had raped Tamil women. Several dozen Tamil women have testified on oath that they were raped by the IPKF, including in Kondavil East in the north and in Sathurkodanan and Morakkadanchenai villages in the east.[18]

1990s

1990

  • On 9 September 1990, the
    Sri Lankan Army massacred at least 184 Tamil civilians at Sathurukondan.[79][80][81] The only survivor K.Krishnakumar told the pro-rebel TamilNet, that during the massacre Sinhala soldiers stripped two pregnant Tamil women naked before slicing their breasts off. The soldiers then cut the pregnant women's abdomens open with swords, before pushing them into a pit. The eyewitness also describes many naked Tamil girls being brought to the massacre site, who were then all raped repeatedly. The soldiers then cut their breasts off with swords and pushed three of the girls into a well. All the bodies were subsequently burned in a pit.[82]
  • According to the pro-rebel NESOHR, on 11 August 1990, 25 young Tamil men from the Kalmunai village in Amparai were taken by the Sri Lankan Army to the Karaitivu army camp. On the following day, relatives of the youths who went looking for them were stopped and made to stand by the roadside in the Kalmunai town. After a larger group of Army personnel arrived, young women among the relatives were selected and taken to a building nearby where they were gang raped and killed.[83]

1991

  • In mid 1991, the
    Sri Lankan Army raped a Tamil trainee teacher (26) and her younger sister.[84]
  • On 12 June 1991, following a landmine explosion in Kokkaddicholai, the Sri Lankan Army massacred at least 123 Tamil civilians in Kokkaddicholai, including women and children.[85] Six Tamil women were also raped during the massacre, including 2 sisters.[85] Another witness described seeing a young girl being sexually assaulted by Sinhala soldiers.[86] Another account of this event describes an incident where a young Tamil girl took shelter with an old lady teacher, who offered the soldiers all the jewelry the girl had in order to spare her. The soldiers took the jewelry and raped the girl as well.[87]

1992

  • On 14 November 1992, drunk
    Sri Lankan soldiers took away 4–5 Tamil women from the village of Aithuyamalai, Batticaloa District. They were taken to the local army camp under the guise of questioning, but were all subsequently raped.[88]
  • In December 1992, the
    Sri Lankan Army raped several young Tamil women in Pullumalai, Batticaloa District during a round up. 13 Sri Lankan soldiers responsible for these rapes were subsequently transferred from the area by the Brigadier in charge, although it is not known whether they faced any disciplinary action.[89]

1993

1994

1995

  • In January 1995, the
    LTTE attack on the army camp of Thandavaveli.[26]
  • Amnesty International reported a dramatic increase in rapes and incidents of torture committed by Sri Lankan soldiers against Tamils following the resumption of war in April 1995.[90]
  • In August 1995, two
    Army informants raped a Tamil woman called Lakshmi Pillai in her Trincomalee home in front of her two sons. The motive was thought to be revenge for her speaking out about her previous rape by the army in the Plaintain Point army camp in August 1993.[26]
  • On 11 May 1995, in Karunkaladichenai village, Kiran,
    Sri Lankan Army were also reported in Chettiarkudiyiruppu (4 cases), Korakallimadu (1 case), Pethalai (2 cases), and Matpandatholitchalai (9 cases).[91]

1996

  • On 11 February 1996, during the
    Sri Lankan soldiers before being shot dead. She was dragged from a village boutique to a Milk collection centre where the rape occurred. A boy called Anthony Joseph (14) attempted to stop the soldiers from dragging her away, but was shot between the legs.[90]
  • On 7 March 1996, Sri Lankan soldiers raped a Tamil woman and beat her husband with rifle butts at Thiyavedduwan checkpoint. The couple were later both admitted to Valaichchenai hospital.[26]
  • On 29 April 1996, near the Navatkuli-Kachchai road in Thenmarachchi, Sri Lankan soldiers entered a small hut in a peasant settlement, and raped the wife of a Tamil man. The Tamil man himself was stabbed to death by the soldiers during the assault.[92]
  • In April–May 1996, during the
    Sri Lankan soldiers. One case involved a young married Tamil couple who lived on Kachchai road, Chavakachcheri. The couple were taken into custody by the army, who then stabbed the man to death, and raped the wife, before stabbing her too. The local villagers were too frightened to identify the perpetrators due to the fear of reprisals from the security forces.[93]
  • On 1 May 1996, in Kachchai, Thenmarachchi, a young Tamil couple, S.Karunathiran (25) and his wife Pushpamalar (22) were found brutally murdered in their family's field. His wife was suspected to have been raped before being killed. The Sri Lankan army had a large presence of troops in the area at the time.[92]
  • On 11 May 1996, a displaced Tamil woman was raped and killed by
    Sri Lankan soldiers in Kodikamam, Jaffna District.[17]
  • On 17 May 1996 at 6:30 pm, in Manduvil,
    Sri Lankan Army. Three Tamil women were also raped during the attack, Sri Ranjani (18), Puvaneswari (36) and Rajeswari (38) Sarasaalai. One of the rape victims, Thangaraja Puvaneswary (36) testified that the army were responsible. Despite this the incident was ignored and covered up.[94][92][17]
  • On 19 May 1996, a Tamil woman was raped by
    Sri Lankan soldiers in Colombothurai, Jaffna District.[17]
  • In early July 1996, in Mattuvil, Thenmarachchi, three Sri Lankan Army soldiers went to a house and dragged out a young Tamil girl. She was heard crying as she was dragged out from the house. Her brother and next door neighbor tried to prevent the abduction but were both brutally beaten by the army. She was then raped by the army before being returned home. The family were then threatened with death by the army if they dared to report the incident. All three victims were later admitted to Jaffna Hospital.[92]
  • On 4 August 1996 at 11 pm, in Kerudavil,
    Sri Lankan Army murdered a Tamil man called Karthigesan (67) and his daughter Baleswari (22), who they also raped before killing. The mangled bodies of the two victims were identified by the public at Chavakacheri Base Hospital.[94][92]
  • On 7 August 1996,
    soldiers. Another six soldiers gang raped and killed her at the checkpoint.[95] Her mother Rasammah, brother Pranavan (16), and family friend Kirupakaran (35) became concerned and went in search of Krishanti. They were also murdered and buried in shallow graves within the army base.[96][97]

"One day I was asked to bring a mammoty [type of spade] by Captain Lalith Hewa. When I took it to him he was with a woman who had no clothes on. This woman and her husband were brought to the camp earlier that day. Lalith Hewa had raped the woman and later attacked her and her husband with the mammoty I brought to him. Both of them died. Lalith Hewa tried to bury them there himself but he couldn't do it. Then the bodies were brought to Chemmani. I can show you where the bodies were buried."

1997
  • In 1997, in
    Sri Lankan Army were taken to the magistrates' court; one case from Chavakachcheri in May, one case from Araly in June, and another case from Vadamarachchi.[113]
  • On 1 January 1997, a Tamil woman was raped by a Special Task Force (STF) member at Vellaveli, Batticaloa District. The victim later identified the STF member who had raped her.[105]
  • On 9 January 1997, in Thiyavattavan, Batticaloa District, Sri Lankan soldiers raped 3 Tamil women—a mother and her two daughters. A week later, two army soldiers suspected of the crime were taken into custody by police.[105][17]
  • In February 1997, a 15 year old Tamil girl was tortured and sexually assaulted by
    Sri Lankan soldiers at the Patpodi Army camp in Batticaloa District. The soldiers had kicked and hit her with clubs, poured petrol on her face, and submerged her in water. They also pinched her bottom, touched her breasts and asked her sexually obscene questions.[114]
  • In March 1997, a Tamil woman working at Kalliankaadu garment factory on Kalladi Road, Batticaloa was raped by a paramilitary group allied to the Sri Lankan Armed forces.[17]
  • On 17 March 1997, two sisters aged 34 and 28 were raped by 4
    Batticaloa district. The soldiers from the Mayilampaveli army camp forced their way into the house at 11 pm, before taking the two sisters outside and raping them repeatedly. Four accused soldiers initially held by authorities were released with no one being charged. Vasantha then attempted to commit suicide by swallowing poison, after leaving a note to her prospective husband, saying that she was unable to continue living after what happened to her.[115][116]
  • On 17 May 1997 at 11 pm,
    hut, carried the little girl outside and left her near a neighbor's fence. According to villagers, on that night, the woman had sent her three other children to her relatives who were living nearby. The little girl is the only witness to the ensuing crime.[119] After the assault the victim was killed by exploding a grenade in her vagina.[119][120] No one was convicted for the crime.[121]

1998

"Sri Lankan soldiers have raped both women and young girls on a massive scale, and often with impunity, since reporting often leads to reprisals against the victims and their families.."[129]

  • In April 1998, the Sri Lankan Army raped two young Tamil women in Uduvil, Jaffna District. One of the victims was a student (24) imprisoned for mistaken identity. She was tortured by being hung upside down from a bar and burned with cigarettes. Eventually, she was taken with another female inmate to a remote area and raped. She recounted the sexual assault as follows:

"The one who had brought us there came up to me and the other soldier went up to the other girl...we started screaming. The one with me stuffed a handkerchief into my mouth and began fondling and cuddling me. He touched and squeezed my breasts. He sucked my cheek. ... We were behind a bush. I tried to push him away but he pulled and tore my blouse. Then he pulled my bra off. He removed his trousers. He took off my knickers. Then he was naked and he did everything he had to do to me. It was too painful to me. He raped me. The whole ordeal lasted about 1/2 hour."[130]

  • On 8 September 1998, a pogrom was unleashed on Plantation Tamils in Ratnapura where 200 organized Sinhalese goons with the support of local Sinhalese politicians burnt down 800 houses. Several rapes of Tamil women in the area by Sinhalese thugs were also reported. The pogrom was sparked by the murder of two Sinhalese youths, one of them Bandusena, who had a reputation for raping women and being involved in illegal liquor sales. The Sinhalese attackers were given full impunity by the local police and no one was held accountable for their crimes.[131]
  • On 17 October 1998, members of the
    Vaddukottai after they had beaten her parents.[132]

1999

2000s

2000

  • On 12 January 2000, the Asian Human Rights Commission (AHRC) proclaimed that government forces were using systematic rape as a weapon of war:

"Sri Lankan security forces are using systematic rape and murder of Tamil women to subjugate the Tamil population... Impunity continues to reign as rape is used as a weapon of war in Sri Lanka."[29]

  • Between 21 and 27 June 2000, Yogalingam Vijitha, a 27-year-old Tamil woman from Kayts was tortured by policemen in a Negombo police station. She was badly assaulted and raped with a chili coated hard cone-like object (a plantain tree flower). The policemen beat her with poles all over her body and trampled on her with boots. They also inserted pins under the nails of her fingers and toes, and slapped her ears.
At one time, they put a bag filled with chili powder and petrol over her face, whilst she was stripped to her underwear. A subsequent medical examination confirmed she had been tortured and raped, with "many scars on her limbs and torso". Due to the attack she was suffering from
post traumatic stress disorder. No one was held accountable for these crimes.[138][143]

2001

  • On 1 February 2001, a Tamil woman called T. Ananthy (28) was raped by the Special Task Force at Cheddipalayam, Batticaloa District.[17]
  • On 19 March 2001, in
    police gang raped two Tamil women, Sinnathamby Sivamany (24) and Ehamparam Wijikala (22). After being taken into custody, Wijikala was blinded folded by a police officer named Rajah, before being beaten and forcibly stripped. She was then mounted by two men in succession who both raped her, while others held her down.[145]
Sivamany also testified hearing Wijikala screaming and pleading for mercy. Some policemen then told her how they were raping Wijikala and that they would do the same to her.[146] She was then blindfolded with a sock by a navy officer in a van, before being stripped and raped for 15 minutes. Both victims were then brought into the office of the police where they were forced to parade naked in front of the security forces.[145]
Finally, they were both made to crouch and had their hands and legs tied to a pole which was placed between two tables to keep them hanging. They were then left in that position for 90 minutes, whilst being poked in the genitals, pinched and beaten with thick wire. A subsequent medical examination confirmed that both women had been raped and tortured, with multiple nail marks being present on the limbs of Wijikala. No one was held accountable for these crimes.[145]
  • On 20 April 2001, Vijayaratnam Subashini (19), was sexually assaulted by more than 10 navy officers. She was captured from a LTTE boat after returning from the open sea and being surrounded by the navy. Once she was brought on to the navy gunboat, she was stripped naked, blindfolded and had her hands tied behind her back. More than 10 navy officers then touched and squeezed her breasts and genital area. They also penetrated her vagina with their fingers one by one while she was screaming. The whole sexual assault lasted around 2 hours.[147]
Thangiah Vijayalalitha, a 14 year old girl was also captured from the same LTTE boat by the navy, and was sexually assaulted by more than 10 navy officers on the same navy gunboat.
No one was held accountable for these sexual assaults and both Tamil females were held without charge at the Welikade women's prison in Colombo.[147]

2002

2003

  • According to the US State Department report on human rights in Sri Lanka in 2003, there were several rapes of women committed by Sri Lankan security forces. Despite this, there were no successful convictions and impunity prevailed. On 23 October, two policemen attempted to rape a Tamil woman called Mrs. Selvarajah at Uyilankulam in Mannar District. On 26 August, three soldiers attempted to rape a woman in Vadamarachchi in the Jaffna District.[159]
  • On 19 December 2003, a Tamil youth Yogarajah Antony (22), a former LTTE member who was then working under the local LTTE intelligence chief, was accused of the rape and murder of a Tamil female called Nishanthini Shanthalingam (17). The LTTE took Antony to their custody giving the impression they would punish him.[160]

2004

  • In October 2004, the
    Amparai District. He was kept in a STF camp for 2 weeks and severely tortured. He was also sodomized and gang raped by the STF when they were drunk. Upon release, the victim could hardly walk or talk, and was hunched due to repeated beatings on his spine. His genitals were swollen and his face was disfigured with cigarettes burns. His body was also bruised all over. As a result of the torture he developed post-traumatic depression and suicidal tendencies.[161]

2005

"Two persons who were armed and in their uniform entered the house saying that they wanted to search the house. They talked in Sinhala language. At that time I was all alone at home, as my parents had gone to one of our relatives' house which is at a distance away from our home. While talking with me, one of the men who had come forcefully dragged me and committed the crime by force."[162]

  • On 5 March 2005, 50 Tamil refugees (including 27 women) returning from India disembarked on a sand bank near
    Sri Lankan Navy to be the prime suspect for these crimes.[163][164]
  • On 16 December 2005, a Tamil woman called
    Sri Lankan Navy post. Her body was found the next day, completely naked, in an abandoned well near the Sri Lankan Navy camp at a place called Maduthuveli. A Sri Lankan Navy hat was found at the crime scene.[165] According to the post mortem report conducted at Jaffna Teaching Hospital she was brutally raped before strangulation. She had also suffered numerous injuries throughout her body caused by fingernails and biting, including a severely bitten breast. After the body was found locals violently protested in front of the Navy camp who they blamed for the crime.[166][167][168][169]
  • On 23 December 2005, an LTTE claymore mine killed 15
    Navy officers in Pesalai, Mannar District. In retaliation, the navy went on a rampage through the village. First they raided all the houses and beat up anyone who protested. Nirmala Rose Mary, a Tamil mother of 6, witnessed her neighbor being gang raped by a few Navy men. She saw the navy officers rip open the young girl's upper garment, before they raped her. After raping her they stomped on her chest, abusing her for being a Tamil. Then her hut was torched, and civilian property was looted. The village was left in flames.[170]

2006

  • On 30 January 2006, 5
    Tamil Rehabilitation Organization aid workers were abducted by the pro-government TMVP paramilitary group in Welikanda. 4 of the male aid workers were tortured and shot dead by TMVP cadres. One abductee, a 25-year-old woman named Premini Thanuskodi was gang raped by over 14 TMVP cadres in succession before being hacked to death.[171]
  • On 11 April 2006, following a claymore mine explosion in Trincomalee, an organized Sinhala mob killed several Tamils and burnt 45 houses in the Tamil neighborhoods of Menkamam and Bharathipuram. Several Tamil women were also raped in the attack.[172]
  • On 12 April 2006, following a pogrom against Tamils in
    Sri Lankan Navy and home-guards. These included one 18-year-old girl and two older women who had consulted him.[173]
  • The doctor also reported three girls from Jaffna living at 3rd mile post, Trincomalee who were raped at night by security forces in their own home a few months later. Another case involved a Tamil woman being raped in front of her husband in Kanniya, Trincomalee District. Finally, 3–4 poor Tamil women were raped in Maharambaikkulam, Vavuniya by military intelligence operatives in the same time period.[173]
  • On 8 June 2006,
    Sri Lankan soldiers brutally tortured and killed a family of four in Vankalai, Mannar District. The victims were carpenter Sinnaiah Moorthy Martin (38), his wife Mary Madeleine (27), and their two children, daughter Anne Lakshika (9) and son Anne Dilakshan (7). The wife was raped and killed. The two children were hacked to death and hanged in nooses from the neck. Dilakshan was disemboweled with his gut protruding from his stomach, whilst Anne Lakshika was raped with her father's carpenter tools. The father was also killed and hanged. Earlier that day three soldiers were seen by villagers at the entrance to the Martin home. The locals blamed the Sri Lankan Army for the atrocity; and stated that the security personnel stationed there were uncouth and engaged in indecent behavior such as exhibiting condoms to the schoolgirl population. No one was held accountable for the crime.[174][175][176]

2007

  • In 2007, the
    Sri Lankan soldiers a night in prostitution rings. Likewise, the TMVP also forced Tamil women from IDP camps to join prostitution rings.[183][184][185]
  • In 2007, a young Tamil woman from Jaffna who had come to Colombo to study, was arrested and detained by security forces. In detention, she was tortured and sexually abused, suffering cigarette burns to her thighs and rape with an object. After release, she attempted to leave the country and was offered help by a Sri Lankan Muslim man who said he would arrange the travel and paperwork. However, on arrival he took her to a hotel where he raped her multiple times.[186]
  • In 2007, a Tamil woman was taken into custody by security forces, who would ply her with alcohol before raping her. A female officer helped orchestrate the rapes, which were often filmed and photographed. She was threatened with death if she dared report the rapes, and became suicidal as a result.[187]
  • In September 2007, a Tamil man Roy Manojkumar Samathanam (40) was arrested by Sri Lankan security officers and detained for a year. He was accused of aiding the LTTE by importing electronic equipment, a charge he denies. During his detention he was tortured regularly. He also witnessed other detainees being hit with cricket wickets, electrocuted, and anally raped with iron rods.[188]
  • In 2007, Sri Lankan security forces were involved in raping the dead bodies of female LTTE cadres using their weapons. A trophy video showing the grotesque sexual violations was exposed by Channel 4 News in 2014. In the video, cheerful Sinhalese soldiers laugh and cheer as they rape the dead bodies.[189]
  • On 28 December 2007, the Sri Lankan Army gang-raped a woman in Jaffna, according to a women's welfare organization.[190]
  • According to the
    'disappeared'. In the east, Sri Lankan military action displaced 300,000 Tamil civilians by mid 2007. There were widespread reports that the security forces were sexually abusing displaced females after detaining the men. By the end of 2007, documented reports of the security forces raping Tamil women in the western Batticaloa District continued. The victims were usually wives and daughters of Tamil men who were temporarily detained by security forces.[190]

2008

  • On 25 February 2008, a Tamil girl called Nagaraja Jeyarani (16) was raped and killed by unknown persons in Nediyamadukerni, Batticaloa District. She was on her way to her father's house when the crime occurred.[191]
  • In April 2008, a 17 year old Tamil child, BN, was taken by security forces from his home in Vavuniya to the Veppankulam camp, as his father was alleged to be an LTTE member. He was then raped and tortured for 2 weeks.[192]
  • During March–May 2008, the STF launched an operation to video and register all Tamil families in the village of Kolavil near Akkaraipattu. Following this operation, members of the STF broke into houses where Tamil women were living without males, and committed several rapes. 12 cases of rape of this nature were documented in March 2008.[19][193]
  • On 10 May 2008, in Kalmunai, three drunken armed men from the STF invaded the mud house of a Tamil woman called Seetha. Her two daughters aged 16 and 18 were then raped in front of her, while she was gagged and bound. The girls were left in a pool of blood, with second one becoming unconscious. Later that evening, security forces returned to intimidate the family into silence. The father of the family was beaten, and the older daughter was abducted in a white van never to be seen again.[194][19]
  • In 2008, a Tamil woman named Sudarini was taken into custody by Sri Lankan security forces, where she was tortured and raped for a month. Every night, a group of female officers would take her from her dark cell into another room of male guards to be gang raped. One night, the officers filmed her being gang raped and threatened to publicly humiliate her with the footage if she ever dared to tell anyone.[195]
  • In 2008, multiple Tamil women were raped by the security forces in villages north of Vavuniya. The security forces entered the houses at night and forced the women to come with them, before dropping them back in the morning. 20 Tamil victims of rape have been recorded, some of whom were impregnated following the ordeal.[19]
  • A Tamil female who was detained by the security forces at TID headquarters in 2008, reported that Tamil women would be called into private rooms by the officers and sexually abused with impunity. She observed members from all branches of the security forces taking part in this abuse including the Army, Navy, CID and intelligence services.[196]
  • In June 2008, PR, a 26 year old Tamil man was repeatedly raped by a Police officer called KK (along with other detainees) at the
    Dehiwela police station.[197]
    He later recounted:

“Everybody knew that when he [KK] takes someone out of the cell, he will rape them.”[197]

2009

About 300,000 Tamil civilians displaced in the final stages of the Sri Lankan Civil War were detained by the Sri Lankan security forces in several camps in Vavuniya District, known by the generic name "Manik Farm", which was then the largest refugee camp in the world. The camps were known for their poor conditions and incidents of sexual violence by the Sri Lankan security forces.[199]

  • An international aid worker who regularly visited the Manik Farm internment camp in Vavuniya District between January and May 2009 reported on multiple rapes committed by the security forces against Tamil women in the camps. The rapes would occur in several places, including near the female bathing area and at night when women were alone. The witness also observed multiple young Tamil girls being taken into custody by security forces under the pretence of 'investigation'. They would usually be taken during the night and then returned in the day after being sexually assaulted.[196]
  • A Tamil female detained in the Manik Farm camp in 2009 was gang raped by 4 Sri Lankan military personnel, including one identified as a captain in the military intelligence team who was in military uniforms. Her interrogators started off by groping her breasts and insulting her, threatening that she would be sent to a rehabilitation camp for many years if she did not cooperate. An insider witness confirmed that threatening pretty Tamil girls with rehabilitation for the purpose of rape was a common practice among his colleagues in the security forces who visited the Manik Farm camp. The Tamil female recounted the incident as follows:

    I was totally naked. I felt pain in my body. I did not know what I should do so I screamed. The man standing beside me reached down and placed his hand over my mouth. I was helpless. I was crying and I could not even cry for help. He told me to shut up. He used bad words and said that “if you scream again we will kill you”. He said that I was not to tell anyone of my interrogation and if I did they would “kill me in the night”. He said that they won the war and they wanted Tamil women to bear Sinhala children. They gave me my clothes. They watched me dress. They were still in a happy mood. I do not know the names of the four army officers who raped me. I never saw them again after the day they raped me.[200]

  • In January 2009, Valarmathi (26) was raped by a
    Sri Lankan soldier in a makeshift camp in the Vanni. As she understood some Sinhala
    , she remembered the humiliating words he said whilst he raped her:

"You are so fit, you must be a Tiger."

To her horror, as he left, he also uttered the following words to her:

"They don't allow you to have sex, no wonder you're so hungry for it."[31]

  • In January 2009, OP, a 20 year old Tamil male was arrested during a random search at Colombo International airport because his ID card showed Puthukkudiyiruppu, a LTTE stronghold. He was then taken to the Boosa camp where he was tortured and raped for 5 months.[201]

"All the time that we walked the soldiers were talking about us, saying, "These girls are ideal to satisfy our needs." They spoke in broken Tamil because they wanted us to know what they were up to and to frighten us,"[209]

She then witnessed
soldiers
summon pretty young girls out of the line at gunpoint before raping them:

"I saw one girl going away and then heard screaming. I feared she had been raped behind the sentry post. I just kept on walking and didn't look because I was so scared. She was about eighteen or nineteen years old. I saw her taken out of the line in front of me and step through the barbed wire and be led away. I was afraid to turn back and look in case they saw me but when the path turned a corner I could see the girl behind the sentry post, crying, half naked, with all her clothes badly ripped. It was dreadful. I was very angry and disappointed. I felt helpless and afraid but I had to survive myself. Then in the shed where we were searched, another person asked if I'd also seen all the girls being taken away and raped."[209]

  • On April 19, 2009, KN, a 30 year old Tamil woman who fled the final warzone was taken to the Arunachalam camp in Vavuniya by the Sri Lankan Army. There she was raped multiple times by 4 -5 officials. She recounted: “I resisted each time and they would beat me and rape me. This went on for a week.”[192]
  • In May 2009, the UK government deported a Tamil woman (51) back to Sri Lanka. On arrival, she was detained by security forces before being beaten, sexually abused and tortured. She gave the following statement:

"I was transferred to the Batticaloa army camp where I was treated like a slave. I was made to clean and do all the chores and treated very badly. I was kept in this army detention for nearly five months."[210]

  • On 5 May 2009,
    Sri Lankan soldiers and raped with impunity
    :

"One elderly mother was crying inside the camp. I asked why. She said they'd taken her daughter away and she hadn't heard from her at all. There are many people taken from the camps that go missing. The women are sexually abused. Nobody dares to talk. They know they're being watched. They're afraid they'll go missing."

The aid worker further stated that women had to bathe in the open, and that the dead naked bodies of three women had been found at a bathing area of the camp called zone 2. This led to the UN requesting for the soldiers guarding the bathing area to be replaced by 20 female police officers, and for civilians, not the security forces, to investigate complaints of sexual abuse within the camp.[212] Channel 4 News reporters were subsequently deported from the country by the Sri Lankan government after the exposé.[213]
  • Another witness confirmed that in May 2009, the dead naked bodies of Tamil girls were found near the river where the camp detainees bathed. The bodies had bite marks and other signs of sexual assault. Other witnesses described how security forces would sit in trees near the river and watch the women as they changed and bathed.[196]
  • In 2009, a 28 year old Tamil woman from Mullivaikkal who was detained at the Manik Farm camp was raped by a group of soldiers as she returned from the river where she would bathe every night.[214] She recounted:

“One evening when I was returning after a bath with some others, suddenly a group of soldiers appeared. Some of the girls managed to scream and run away. I was raped.”[214]

  • In 2009, a Tamil mother was taken from a camp in Vavuniya and separated from her family. She was repeatedly tortured and “taken to the Brigadier’s room over a period of three months where her hands were tied to the bed and she was raped.” The Brigadier threatened to kill her and her family, including her breast feeding infant, if she told anyone of the abuse.[214]
  • A Tamil witness who was detained in the Manik Farm camp for several months from May 2009, described how the army regularly took young, pretty Tamil girls for overnight 'interrogation' where they would be raped. The girls were often brought back in a crying state and would refuse to say what happened to them.[196]
  • Another three witnesses detained at the Manik Farm camp all reported accounts of young Tamil women and girls being raped in the camp. One of those witnesses who was detained between May and June 2009, saw camp guards sexually harass young girls and touch them against their will.[196]
  • In 2009, a senior employee of the NGO Caritas Internationalis reported that nearly 15 Tamil girls had been raped by the security forces within the camps in a short period of time.[196]
  • Sundari, a Tamil survivor living in
    Sri Lankan Army in the detention camps in 2009.[215]
  • The UN Panel of Experts found that in 2009, Tamil women in the internment camps were forced by security forces to perform sexual acts in exchange for food and shelter.[196]
  • In May 2009, several Tamil women who escaped the war zone were gang raped and tortured in front of their families by
    Sri Lankan soldiers.[216]
  • In 2009, a mentally handicapped Tamil girl from the
    Sri Lankan soldiers along with four other girls. As a result of the mass rapes she gave birth to a female baby.[217]
In 2011, she was suffering daily nightmares of the experience and would wake up frightened, crying about what happened her to in that cell. She also had scars of cigarette burns on her genitalia. When assessed by a female psychiatrist in Oxford, she had a screaming fit when she saw a hospital porter in uniform and ran for her life. She also fell at the feet of the psychiatrist and begged her not to take her outside of the consulting room, as she was scared she would be raped outside. She could not bear to be touched even by the female doctor.[217]
  • In May 2009, Vasantha, who was forcibly recruited to the LTTE against her will in February 2009, surrendered to the army. She was taken to a rehabilitation camp where she was regularly raped by Sinhalese soldiers. She was a virgin before two drunk soldiers placed a bag sprayed with petrol over her head and raped her. She staggered to the toilet after in order to clean up the blood. She noticed all the other women detained with her also being taken away at night and always returning via the toilet after being raped. She frequently heard the screams of women from the main building where they were being taken. When she tried to resist the rapes, she was beaten violently and scratched so deeply that her back bled. On one occasion she was gang raped by five Sinhalese soldiers in succession, after they had burned her with cigarettes and beat her. She drifted in and out of consciousness during the ordeal. In the rehabilitation camp she was taught embroidery for 3 months, whilst being raped and tortured in between. She believed that she was taught embroidery in order to show others that the army were doing a good job in rehabilitation. She eventually escaped to the UK after her uncle paid a bribe to get her out of the camp. However, whilst in UK, her mother disappeared. She believed that the army caused the disappearance because they wanted revenge for her escape.[218]

"When they were at the hospital, one day I saw a group of six soldiers raping a young Tamil girl. I saw this with my own eyes."

He tearfully recounted the heinous crimes committed by Sri Lankan soldiers:

"They shoot people at random, stab people, rape them, cut their tongues out, cut women's breasts off. I have witnessed all this with my own eyes.

I saw a lot of small children, who were so innocent, getting killed in large numbers. A large number of elders were also killed.

If they wanted to rape a Tamil girl, they could just beat her and do it. If her parents tried to stop them, they could beat them or kill them. It was their empire.

I saw the naked dead bodies of women without heads and other parts of their bodies. I saw a mother and child dead and the child's body was without its head."[224]

  • Other Tamils who were raped by the 58 Division claimed that the soldiers were told by their 'boss' to "do whatever you want to do to them".[225] The commander of the 58 Division at the time was Shavendra Silva.
  • In 2009, a senior officer in the army directly told a witness that he had personally participated with his officers in the gang rape of surrendering LTTE females. He further recounted to the witness, that after the females were raped, one of their legs would be tied to a tree, and the other tied to a tractor. The tractor would then speed off causing the women's body to tear apart.[226]
  • In 2009, a Tamil woman who joined the LTTE after her 2-year-old brother was killed in the 1995
    officers and some Sinhala ministers also raped the prettiest cadres. As she was a leader in the LTTE Sothiya regiment, she was especially taunted and sexually tortured in a sadistic manner. She saw abusers laugh when they made Tamil women scream in pain by pouring petrol into their vaginas after rape. Upon release, she ended up becoming a prostitute to feed her children.[227][228]
  • The UN Panel of Experts referred to video footage and photos of naked bodies of sexually abused Tamil women taken by the Army as trophy videos in 2009. One video which was later broadcast by Channel 4 showed Sri Lankan soldiers loading the naked female bodies onto a truck in a disrespectful manner.[226] The UN Panel of Experts stated:

"The Channel 4 video and photographs of what appear to be dead female cadre, including video footage in which the naked bodies of women are deliberately exposed, accompanied by lurid comments by SLA soldiers, raising a strong inference that rape or sexual violence may have occurred prior to or after execution."[226]

  • At the end of the war in 2009, Vijay, a Tamil civilian amputee was detained by security forces in his teens. He was wrongly assumed to be a LTTE member due to his injuries. He was subsequently tortured and sexually assaulted. He recounted being stripped and having hot chilli pasted all over his body, causing his body to burn all over, including in his eyes and genitals. He was also urinated on from both sides, both back and front. The officers also penetrated their penises into his mouth and ejaculated on him. Finally, they beat him all over his body using batons, including on his knees until they bled.[229]
  • On 6 July 2009,
    Sri Lankan Army rapes.[230]
  • In July 2009, aid workers confirmed that Sri Lankan officials were running a prostitution racket with displaced Tamil women in an internment camp in Pulmoddai, Trincomalee District. Senior government officials were aware of the racket but did nothing to stop it. The Sri Lankan foreign minister Palitha Kohona publicly denied the accusations, stating not a single woman was raped.[231]
  • In 2009, dozens of unmarried Tamil women in the camps had fallen pregnant and were separated from the other detainees to give birth to their babies, which were usually adopted out. Multiple people familiar with the affected women confirmed that several of the pregnancies were due to Army rapes.[204]
  • In 2009, a British medic confirmed that Sri Lankan soldiers were sexually abusing Tamil women in the internment camps, often trading food for sex.[232] The soldiers would also freely touch the girls with impunity:

"The girls usually didn't talk back to them, because they knew that in the camp if they talked anything could happen to them. It was quite open, everyone could see the military officers touching the girls,"[232]

  • In 2009, a Tamil UN staff member made a distress call to an international aid worker in Colombo. The distraught man recounted how the army had rounded up pretty young Tamil women and girls from the internment camps under the guise of cooking and cleaning for Sinhalese construction workers. They were all put on a bus, including his wife. When they returned a few days later, they had all been gang raped.[233]
  • Many young Tamil women captured by the
    Sri Lankan Army were used as sex slaves. One woman called Vidhya Jayakumar recounted being sexually enslaved for 3 years in army camps following the end of war. Human rights lawyer Scott Gilmore described the case as the "worst account of sexual slavery" he had ever encountered. On the first night, Vidhya recalled being tied to a bed by Sinhalese female soldiers, before their commanding officer raped her violently. Subsequent to that, she was then detained in an army camp with other Tamil women, where every night, off-duty soldiers "would select a woman to rape". Later she was repeatedly raped at a police headquarters and another army camp.[234]
  • The mothers of former LTTE cadres told religious figures that their daughters were being raped every night by
    soldiers in the detention centres. Some women in the camps also committed suicide after becoming pregnant as a result of the frequent gang rapes.[180]
  • A young Tamil male was gang raped and starved for weeks in a secret camp under the suspicions of being a
    Sri Lankan Army that he would be taught a lesson.[31]
  • In 2009, two Tamils who were detained in the Joseph camp in Vavuniya described having barbed wire placed in their anus, which was then withdrawn to cause lacerations of the rectum. One victim fainted during this process. When he regained consciousness he saw blood all over the floor and was not able to move. The next day he could move a bit, and he noticed pieces of flesh coming out from his anus, “as if from a broiler chicken”. One informer in the camp also saw a woman tied to a chair and being gang raped by multiple officers, “her breasts bitten and her body covered in scratch marks”. The same informer also described how the military specifically targeted “beautiful girls” to rape at night. He also heard them bragging about raping at least 15 Tamil women each.[235][236]
  • The International Crisis Group confirmed that there were regular and credible reports of many Tamil women in the camps being raped by security forces in 2009. The women involved were too afraid to report the crime.[237]
  • One aid worker testified to meeting several Tamil females in Vavuniya Hospital who were impregnated following rapes by the army in the Manik Farm camp. Two of them were 12-13 years old, while the others were between 18-21. All had been threatened with death by the security forces to not tell anyone of their rapes.[238]
  • Another woman who was raped in the camp described witnessing a “very young beautiful girl”, a trainee nun being abducted against her will by 10 army men at around 1pm. She was then returned in a dishevelled and traumatised state at 8pm, with clear signs of having been gang raped and tortured. She found it difficult to walk and had cigarette burns all over her body. She said that her “life was over” and remained mentally disturbed.[238]
  • Another young mother was taken from Manik farm to an Army camp. Both her and her toddler were stripped naked. When the toddler started screaming in terror, he was kicked along with his mother with army boots. She was then raped and tortured multiple times in front of her toddler for several weeks in a cell.[239]
  • Another woman was gang raped and beaten by two Sinhalese men. One of the men whilst ejaculating on her face said that “all LTTE and Tamils must die”.[240]
  • In October 2009, UM, a 25 year old Tamil woman who had fled the final warzone in April 2009 was beaten and gang raped by soldiers.[241] She recounts:

"They beat me, pulled my hair, and banged my head on a wall. They beat me with their hands and kicked me with their boots. One of the soldiers said, “We will teach you a lesson.” I lost consciousness that day and when I came to, I realized I had been raped. Then more soldiers came and raped me. This went on for many days. I can’t remember how many times and how many soldiers raped me.”[241]

  • In September 2009, a Tamil man (27) from Mannar with no link to the LTTE was fishing with his father, before coming under shellfire by the Navy. Their boat was hit, and he was left with a broken leg. He regained consciousness in a Navy camp, where multiple Navy officers then anally raped him repeatedly.[242]
He was detained in the camp for 10 months, and raped frequently before being sent home. He was then told to regularly report back to the camp, where he was raped each time. The Navy threatened to rape his fiancée if he did not come to the camp. Despite reporting regularly to the camp, his fiancée was still raped.
4 days before he escaped the country, the Navy found out about his plans to leave and abducted him. They tortured him and inserted a pipe into his rectum, before pushing barbed wire through it. They then removed the pipe, leaving the barbed wire in the rectum, before withdrawing and inserting it several times to cause serious trauma. The officers said to him:

"you are getting out, this is what you deserve."[242]

In September 2012, he escaped Sri Lanka by boat to Australia. He was subsequently admitted into a mental hospital in Brisbane due to a deterioration in his mental state. Whilst there, a Tamil Gynaecologist provided him with numerous menstrual pads due to rectal bleeding. He was also examined by Brian Senewiratne, who confirmed multiple perforations of the rectum consistent with barbed wire insertion. Senewiratne further stated that 'the photograph of his ripped anus is too dreadful' to publish. He subsequently underwent surgery for his ripped anus and received psychiatric treatment. Despite this, he remains mentally disturbed.[242]
  • His fiancée (25) who became his wife also escaped the country due to the frequent rapes by the navy. Her medical report from the Mannar District General Hospital on 15 June 2013 confirmed the assaults:

"On examination there were multiple simple linear abrasions over lower and upper limbs and face. Both breasts showed multiple contusions and bite marks and were very tender. The genitalia showed the vulva to be oedematous (swollen). Both labia majora (the external female genitalia) were swollen. Speculum examination showed an active bleeding site about 3cm in the vaginal vault."[242]

2010s

2010

"They were like animals. I was crying. At that time I was forty days pregnant and I started to bleed, having a miscarriage."[243]

The policemen then threatened her with death if she dared tell anyone what had happened. They returned her to a cell with her blood strained trousers. In the cell there were two other Tamil girls who had been raped and were contemplating suicide.[243]
  • In 2010, a Catholic sister described the sexual harassment of Tamil girls by the
    Sri Lankan Army
    in the Vanni:

"In front of our own eyes, and inside our premises, the army was touching a young girl…so what would happen if we are also not there"[244]

  • Further accounts of sexual abuse by the Sri Lankan Army in 2010 include one lady raped in the newly resettled area of Alkataveli, Mannar District and another lady sexually abused in Nachikuda.[244]
  • On 6 June 2010, two internally displaced Tamil women who returned to their house in Vishvamadu, Kilinochchi, suffered sexual violence at the hands of Sri Lankan soldiers stationed at the Vishvamadu army camp. One 27-year-old mother of two was gang raped while the other 38-year-old mother of four was sexually assaulted. Four of the suspects identified by the victims were sentenced to 25 years of rigorous imprisonment for the gang rape by the Jaffna High Court in 2015 which characterized the crime as "unbearable and unforgivable". However, in 2019 Sri Lanka's Court of Appeal acquitted the four soldiers of all charges. The victim who had been repeatedly harassed and threatened by military and police sought refugee status overseas in fear for her safety.[245][246][247]
  • In May 2010, MT, a 30 year old Tamil mother was taken to a detention site in Vavuniya where she was tortured and raped by security forces.[248]
  • On 10 December 2010, a Tamil poet (29) was deported from Dubai to Sri Lanka. On arrival, he was taken into custody by security forces who repeatedly beat him on the head. He was then detained for over a month, and beaten up daily. During his detention, he was raped at least 4-5 times by two men who would take turns, whilst the other held him down. He was also tied down in a crucifix position and then burnt with hot metal rods all over his body. At times he was kicked in the head with metallic boots or poked with a hot poker.[210]

2011

"During the first interrogation, the official in military fatigues forced me to undress. He tried to have oral sex with me. He forced himself on me and raped me. During questioning, the officials would squeeze my penis. They would force me to masturbate them. One of them masturbated me. I was severely tortured when I resisted. The officials would furiously say some words in Sinhala when they sexually abused me."[255]

  • In October 2011, Tamil MP M. A. Sumanthiran tabled a report in parliament on the ground situation in the North and East of Sri Lanka. The report confirmed that Tamil women and girls were being raped and molested with impunity by the security forces, but also by Sinhala construction workers from the south.[256] The report further states:

"The labour force generally stays near the site next to the (Tamil) villages and has proven to be a threat of molestation and harassment to local (Tamil) women and girls. Reports also indicate that when such complaints of harassment and molestation are made the complainants are often threatened and sometimes abused by the military personnel concerned. There are also reports of complaints to the police being generally met with inaction when the alleged perpetrators are either security forces or labourers or workmen from the South."[256]

  • In November 2011, GD, a 31 year old Tamil woman was taken from her house in Dehiwala to the 4th floor of the CID headquarters for interrogation. She was then raped and tortured by her interrogators including by a uniformed police officer.[201]

2012

  • In April 2012, a 29 year old Tamil man was arrested by the Sri Lankan Police in Vavuniya after returning from aboard. He was accused of being a LTTE member and subsequently raped by different officers for three nights. He also suffered cigarette burns, beatings with various objects and was suspended from the ceiling.[205]
  • In April 2012, SA, a 42 year old Tamil political activist was abducted by drunk men armed with T56 rifles. They blindfolded him and then sexually assaulted him in order to humiliate him. He was also repeatedly beaten before being released.[182]
  • In April 2012, a Tamil woman was detained by the Sri Lankan police and subjected to regular rapes and torture. On one occasion whilst being raped, another police officer physically assaulted her. Everyday during her detention, she would hear other male and female detainees crying and screaming out in pain.[257]
  • The pro-rebel
    LTTE female cadres to repeated and prolonged sexual abuse. In many cases with the motive to impregnate them by Sinhalese soldiers, either in detention or through later 'summoning' post release. When the women refuse to cooperate with the 'summons', their relatives are often harmed.[258]
  • A senior Tamil doctor in the North confirmed the widespread nature of the abuse saying: "I don't know what to do with most of the cases. There is no international system to protect them in the island or provide refuge outside." One abused woman that had recently come to him was eight months pregnant. She was subsequently handed over to the care of some nuns.[258]
  • The doctors' accounts were also confirmed by a social worker working on gender related issues in the island, who said that the rapes were committed at two stages, first in the internment camps, second during the 'summons' after release. 'Summoning' former female cadres for interrogation and then repeatedly raping them has become a routine past time in
    Sri Lankan Army camps throughout Jaffna and Vanni.[258]
  • The same report also recounts an incident in
    Sri Lankan Army but she wanted the child to live.[258]
  • Sri Lankan Army were given pornographic material to encourage them to rape captured female LTTE cadres.[258]
  • In August 2012, DK, a 21 year old Tamil male was returning home in Vavuniya when a white van abducted him. He was blindfolded and taken to an unknown site. They then removed his blindfold in a dirty room with a floor covered with dried blood. He could hear screams coming from another room. Eventually, his interrogators started beating him with batons and put a petrol infused plastic bag over his head to asphyxiate him. He also was burned with cigarettes. At night, a man would come to beat and rape him. This happened for 4-5 consecutive nights.[260]
  • In September 2012, JH, a 23 year old Tamil male who had recently returned to Sri Lanka after studying in the UK was abducted by a white van in Colombo. He was blindfolded and taken to an unknown site, where he was questioned about his travel abroad and his links to the LTTE. He was then stripped naked and beaten. He was then beaten with electric wires and burned with cigarettes. Finally he was anally raped by three men on three consecutive nights.[261]
  • In September 2012, KM, a 22 year old Tamil male who had recently returned to Sri Lanka after studying in the UK was abducted by a light coloured van in Batticaloa market. He was blindfolded and taken to an unknown site, where he was questioned about his travel abroad and his links to the LTTE. He was burned with cigarettes, hung upside down and drowned in a barrel of water. He was raped 4 times at night during his detention by Sinhala speaking men.[262]
  • A Tamil woman (24) was gang raped by government forces in late 2012 in Trincomalee. 5 men had dragged her from her home as her mother watched. They blind folded her and took her to a secret location where she could hear the screams and cries of other detainees. When they removed her blindfolds she saw two men with neat shirts and crew cuts who interrogated her in broken Tamil. During her detainment, the two men gang raped her and left cigarette burns on her face, breasts and arms. She bled for days after the rape, lying on the floor without food and water. She could not sleep as her "body burned with pain and shame", and she was waiting to "just die".[31]
  • In 2012, a Tamil woman called 'SJ' was tortured and raped by security forces. She was beat and trampled upon with boots, and suffocated with a petrol filled bag over her head. She was then gang raped by two men and burnt with cigarettes on her back and legs.[263]
  • In 2012, a Tamil man called 'VV' was tortured and raped by security forces. He was tied to a table and beat with cables leaving large permanent scars on his back. He was then raped for three consecutive days.[263]
  • Several former LTTE cadres who were working at garment factories as part of the government's 'rehabilitation' programme were raped by the managers at the factory.[264]
  • In 2012, both Saroja Sivachandran, the president of the Women's Development Centre in Jaffna, and C. V. K. Sivagnanam, the president of the NGOs in Jaffna confirmed that there were several cases of the army raping Tamil women throughout the north. However, the victims were too scared to testify against the army. Sivachandran explained: "If the people do not come forward, we cannot prove it. We cannot do our jobs."[264]

2013

"I have a terrible fear when I hear the word "army". We always feel under threat. We are afraid even to talk about it."[265]

"When the lady left and that man closed the door, I knew what was going to happen. They raped me."[30]

Vasantha further recounted hearing the screams of other Tamil females from her confinement. She was tortured before being repeatedly raped by
Sri Lankan soldiers for 20 days. The torture involved being beaten with pipes and batons, being submerged in water to simulate drowning, being burned with cigarettes, and being suffocated with a petrol filled bag over her head. She was then left naked in a dirty cell for 3 days, with her skin itching badly.[30]

"They would put my testicles in the drawer and slam the drawer shut. Sometimes I became unconscious. Then they would bring someone and force me to have oral sex with him. Sometimes if we lost consciousness during the torture they would urinate on us,"[30]

  • Another male victim Siva, described being tortured by security forces who anally inserted a S-lon pipe filled with barbed wire into his rectum. The pipe was then removed leaving the barbed wire inside, which was subsequently pulled out causing permanent damage. Doctors later confirmed that he would never fully recover from his injuries.[30]
  • In 2013, Alison Callaway, a medical doctor working for the charity 'Freedom from Torture' confirmed that they had examined 120 separate incidents of Tamils being tortured in the post-war period. In the last 5 years, she had personally written 200 independent assessments for Tamil torture victims. She concluded the following:

"There is such a systematic set-up in Sri Lanka, whereby it's absolutely clear to me… that detention and torture is going on in a very large scale and that it's done in a very similar way every time."[30]

  • In 2013, 'SP', a local community organiser who researches sexual violence confirmed that other female activists who documented rapes had sometimes been sexually assaulted themselves by the army as punishment. She further stated that in 2013, government forces were abducting and raping Tamil females for many days before sending them home blindfolded.[273]
  • In another case documented by SP, a Tamil woman received a letter saying that her '
    police who just laughed at her.[273]
  • SP further said that the 'grease devils' were
    army men who put grease on their face to hide their identities before they assault women at night, often raping them and biting on their breasts.[273]
  • In a late 2013 interview with Al Jazeera, a government official working with Tamil rape victims highlighted the case of a widow and mother of two living in an isolated village who wanted to terminate her unwanted pregnancy that resulted from repeated rapes by Sri Lankan Army soldiers, and stated that every month he received one or two similar cases from the backward areas of Kilinochchi and Mullaitivu.[274]

2014

  • In March 2014, the International Truth and Justice Project (ITJP) published a report on torture and sexual violence in the post-war Sri Lanka involving 40 cases of Tamil victims whose families managed to secure their release by paying a bribe, with more than half dating from 2013 to February 2014. Nearly half of the victims attempted suicide after having fled to the UK. The report described the abuses against Tamils by the Sri Lankan security forces as "widespread and systematic" and as occurring in a manner indicative of "a coordinated, systematic plan approved by the highest levels of government." Arguing that the abuses amounted to crimes against humanity, the ITJP called upon the UN Security Council to refer its report to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court for further action. The victims were also subjected to racist verbal abuse, such as being taunted as "Tamil slave" and "Tamil dog" whilst being raped. One victim was told that "Tamil mouths were only good for oral sex," and another was told to tell her whole Tamil generation that "you people should never think of forming another LTTE, you people are slaves and you should remain slaves." One woman who had been gang raped and tortured stated, "they want to destroy us and our race. They want us to be their slaves." Another woman after being raped, was threatened by her rapist: "If you tell anyone what happened here I will shoot your whole family".[275]

"Make sure you do a good job. Our boss Gota told us not to spare them. Make sure that this man is brought back tomorrow since there will be two other Officers who will 'want to have a go.' "[225]

  • In July 2014, a child rape case involving the Sri Lankan Navy in Karainagar received significant media attention.[276] It was reported that 7 sailors attached to the Karainagar Navy base off the coast of Jaffna peninsula abducted two Tamil girls aged 11 and 9 on their way to school in the mornings, gang raped them in an abandoned building and released them in the afternoons for 11 consecutive days.[277][278][279] Alerted by the school on their child's absence, the parents of the 11-year-old discovered their bleeding child in mentally disturbed condition on July 16, 2014. The children were admitted to the Jaffna Teaching Hospital, where a medical examination by the Judicial Medical Officer (JMO) established that the 11-year-old had suffered repeated vaginal penetration and the 9-year-old severe sexual abuse.[280][281] On July 18, the Kayts police arrested 7 naval personnel attached to the Poorikalabhoomi Navy detachment[282] and then released them on bail after the 11-year-old victim had failed to identify her attackers. The child was believed to have acted under stress and in fear as the Sri Lankan Navy had threatened her family not to identify the perpetrators.[283][284] The case was repeatedly postponed by the court,[285] with some sources alleging interference from those close to the then Defence Secretary Gotabaya Rajapaksa and the then President Mahinda Rajapaksa.[281][286] The case also attracted protests from the locals and women groups in Jaffna,[287] who demanded the Sri Lankan military to end their intimidation and harassment of victims and the occupation of the Tamil areas.[288][289]
  • In July 2015, the International Truth and Justice Project (ITJP) released a report documenting a further 180 cases of rape and torture by the Sri Lankan security forces which occurred in the post war period from May 2009 - July 2015. It described the security forces of operating “a policy of systematic and widespread arbitrary detention, torture, rape and sexual violence, 6 years after the end of the civil war”.[290]
  • One victim tortured in 2014, described how a 2 inch diameter plastic pipe was forced in and out of his anus 2-3 times by the security forces. They then forced a sharp ended wire of 1/4 inch diameter into his penis making him scream in pain. Another witness described being painfully anally raped by an officer, before he withdrew and ejaculated over his face. Another witness described having barbed wire inserted into his anus and being made to give oral sex to a circle of torturers one by one til they all ejaculated in his mouth. The circle of torturers would then take turns to anally rape him.[291]
  • Another of the male witnesses who was raped in 2014 tried to hide from the army. His wife was then detained by the security forces who also gang raped and tortured her. They left her with "multiple scratch marks and bite marks on her hands, breasts, arms, shoulders and back". Some of her wounds were also bleeding. Following the change of government in January 2015, she was yet again called back to the army camp.[292]
  • Family members of the victims documented in the report were also frequently persecuted by the security forces. In one case, the victim’s father was beaten to death after she had already been detained and raped. Her remaining relatives (mother and brother) were then killed for refusing to tell them where she was hiding. Following this, she was yet again detained and raped.[293]
  • Another woman described being detained in a room with several underage teenagers. They were all kept naked with their hands and feet bound together. Several times a day one of the teenagers would be taken out to be raped by the security forces. The woman also described being raped multiple times herself.[294]
  • Another woman reported being subjected to 6-7 gang rape sessions in the Joseph camp in Vavuniya. The army men would rape her orally, vaginally and anally, often at the same time. On one occasion they also put a baton in her vagina.[295]

2015

  • In April 2015, journalist Trevor Grant reported that
    Tamil women from Sri Lanka were being raped and sexually assaulted by Indian security guards and intelligence police in squalid refugee camps in Tamil Nadu. In one case six widows and young single women were used as sex slaves by the Indian security police for more than 6 months in the Chengalpattu special camp. The refugees reported that sex slavery had been occurring for years.[23]
In 2010, Kumar Pathmathevi (28) a refugee from a camp in Karur district committed self-immolation after being raped by three policemen. In 2015, the naked dead body of a Tamil female refugee was found outside the Madurai camp. Police confirmed that she had been raped. A driver for a local mafia gang confirmed that "refugee women were being used as sex slaves all the time".[23]
Tamil refugees who arrived with any bodily injuries were assumed to be former
Tamil Tigers and taken to the Chengalpattu special camp. One inmate said she knew of three women who were sexually tortured at this camp. When they were returned from the special camp they demonstrated signs of mental illness. She further recounted:[23]

"Their minds are dead. They don't even know how to ask for food. Some of us feel sorry for them. We take food to them. We are scared when we do it. If the security guards see us, they say 'Do you want to sleep with us as well?' Those men still visit them to satisfy their sexual needs. They hold their hair and hit them. When I look at this I can't stand it. When our children are out, they come to us and say 'come and sleep with us or we will claim you're a Tamil Tiger'."

  • In August 2015, Freedom from Torture documented the widespread use of torture by Sri Lankan security forces against Tamils in the post-war period (after May 2009). The following findings were documented:[296]
    • More than 70% of the 148 Tamil torture victims they examined had been sexually tortured.
    • Forms of sexual torture included rape (anal, vaginal, oral and instrumental), sexual molestation, beatings to the genitals and victims being
      forced to rape
      each other.
    • Prevalence of sexual torture was even higher among the female victims, with 22/23 disclosing some form of sexual torture.
    • Many victims reported being raped by multiple perpetrators at multiple different times.
    • Women were often raped repeatedly, night by night by different officers either in their cells, or in interrogation rooms.
    • In a few cases, female officers would accompany the male officers and take part in the sexual humiliation and molestation of Tamil women.
    • Female victims described being raped both vaginally and anally, often at the same time, as well as being raped with glass bottles and batons.
    • Female victims also had their breasts burnt, bitten, beaten or scratched, as well as having other body parts being stabbed or cut.
  • The following accounts of rape of Tamil women were documented in the same report:

"... She was taken by a guard at night to a 'questioning room' where several male uniformed officers were waiting, faces partially obscured. They sexually molested, bound and blindfolded her, drugged her, then each raped her in turn."[297]

"... During the night army men came into her cell. One man stood watching at the door while the other raped her, and then they swapped so that the second man raped her too. The next night other men came to her cell. These men raped her vaginally and then anally. On both nights she recalls that the men had been drinking alcohol. On the second night she remembers one man holding her legs down and another burning her with cigarettes. She was bitten by her assailants and scratched with their nails."[297]

  • The same report documented the following forms of sexual torture against Tamil men:[296]
    • One man described how a plastic pipe was inserted into his rectum whilst he was suspended. Barbed wire was then pushed through the pipe, and the pipe was subsequently pulled out leaving the barbed wire in the rectum. This occurred repeatedly.
    • Another man was blindfolded, bound and forced onto his knees. He then had a glass bottle inserted into his rectum for 10 minutes causing him severe pain.
    • Some men were urinated or ejaculated on, or forced to swallow semen or urine.
    • Genitals were often beaten or burned, leaving permanent damage.
  • The following account of rape of a Tamil man was also documented:

"... In the afternoon two men came into the room. Both men took it in turns to make him take their penis in his mouth and then took it in turns to anally rape him. Throughout this time they were swearing at him and calling him filthy names. They held a gun to his head some of the time and also hit him with the handle of the gun. After he had been raped several times he was left alone in the room with no clothes on. He was kept naked for the rest of the time until he was released."[296]

  • The following accounts of sexual torture against Tamil men were documented in the same report:

"... He was ordered to remove all his clothes, and was interrogated and beaten for several hours. During this time a length of twine was twisted around his penis, causing excruciating pain."[298]

"... His penis was crushed in a drawer that was slowly closed in order to induce a confession. They were laughing when they were inflicting the injury."[298]

"...With his hands tied a two inch nail was forced into his urethra and rotated causing pain, some bleeding and discomfort on passing urine for many days."[298]

  • The International Truth and Justice Project (ITJP) recorded 20 cases of rape against Tamils committed by the security forces in 2015. Witness 142, a Tamil male, described the rapes as follows:

“He forced his penis in my mouth and moved it in and out like masturbating and ejaculated all over my face and left. The guard kicked the metal door all night and kept yelling ‘Kotiya’. This same conduct occurred every night thereafter. The two guards anally raped me on every occasion they abused me, which was every day.”[299]

  • The report also described female soldiers preparing Tamil victims for rape by undressing them for the male soldiers, as witness 159 recounts:

“Later that night an army woman came...She removed my clothes. I was crying. They were looking at my body and laughing at me saying things in Sinhalese. I was trying to push the woman away and she said "oossh, oossh" and started slapping me…the woman said something to the man and she left the room. He came up to me and tried to pull my bra and panties off…He grabbed my hair and was slapping me and saying something in Sinhalese…I remember laying on the floor on my back and in a daze trying to get up but being held down by hands on my arms pinning them to the floor.”[300]

2017

  • In 2017, human rights groups confirmed that Sri Lankan security forces were still raping and torturing scores of Tamils. In one report, 50 Tamil men had been raped by security forces after being abducted and detained. Some had been raped with sticks wrapped in barbed wire. Almost all victims were branded and scarred from their torture. One man recounted being raped 12 times during his 3-week detention. He was also hit with iron rods, hung upside down, and suffered cigarette burns.
Piers Pigou, a human rights investigator with over 40 years experience of interviewing torture survivors, said:

"The levels of sexual abuse being perpetuated in Sri Lanka by authorities are the most egregious and perverted that I've ever seen."[301]

Another Tamil victim recounted the following torture:

"They heated up iron rods and burned my back with stripes. On another occasion, they put chili powder in a bag and put the bag over my head until I passed out. They … raped me."[301]

Ann Hannah, from 'Freedom from Torture', confirmed that these claims were consistent with what their organization had documented in the last 5 years.[301] She further stated that Sri Lanka was by far the leading source for torture referrals to her organization. She said:

"The number of referrals we're seeing is not dropping off since the conflict. Political rhetoric about Sri Lanka being a different place, and EU trade relations being re-established due to improvements in the human rights situation, is not consistent with what we're seeing."[301]

  • In 2017, the UCLA School of Law: Health and Human Rights Project ran the 'All Survivors Project' for male war victims of sexual abuse. They identified the following common forms of abuse by Sri Lankan security forces:[302]
    • the electrocution or beating of genitals.
    • the burning of genitals with cigarettes or heated metal.
    • the insertion of pins, metal wire, or tiny metal balls into the urethra of the penis.
    • Slamming a drawer shut on the victim's testicles or penis.
    • Applying twisting pressure to the penis or testicles manually or with a string tied around it.
    • Enforced nudity.
    • anal penetration with chili coated sticks.
    • Forced masturbation.
    • Ejaculation in the victim's mouth or on their body.
    • Forced oral masturbation.
    • Forced swallowing of the perpetrator's urine or semen.
    • Anal rape over several days by multiple perpetrators.
    • Forcing victims to anally rape each other.
    • Insertion of bottles, poles and batons into the anus or mouth.
    • Insertion of a hollow tube into the anus, followed by the pushing of barbed wire through it.

2019

  • In 2019, a Tamil male was detained and tortured for the second time since 2011 when he was just a teenager. He was subjected rapes, sexual torture and severe beatings with batons and pipes that left scars all over his body.[303]
  • In January 2019, a Tamil male was detained by CID officers for attending a ceremony to remember disappeared Tamils. For 15 days he was repeatedly beaten, tortured, branded with hot metal bars and sexually abused after he refused to become an informer. He was forced to sign a false confession and was released after his family paid a bribe. The torture left him with deep physical scars and hearing loss.[303]
  • In 2019, the Torture Journal published the story of Jaya, a middle aged Tamil mother and LTTE conscript raped by security forces on multiple occasions. She recounted one occasion when the Sinhalese men pulled her hair and shoved her up against a bench. They then pushed a 10 inch long, wrist-wide iron pestle into her vagina and caused her severe pain. They also used derogatory Sinhala words against her during the gang rape, calling her a 'kotti' (tiger) and 'utti' (cunt). Three men would all take turns to rape her, while one of the men held her down.[229]

2020s

2020

  • The pro-rebel TamilNet reported in May 2020 that the Sri Lankan Army's 231 Brigade were sexually abusing Tamil women in Kalladi (Batticaloa). Local Tamil community leaders complained that the abuse was increasing, and that Tamil women were being taken to the military quarters at night and abused by more than 2–3 soldiers in one night.[304]
  • The majority of Tamil women working in garment factories in the Sinhala majority south face molestation and sexual abuse from their supervisors. One Tamil woman from Jaffna committed suicide after being raped by her supervisor in 2020. Activists estimate that 90% of factory workers are molested at least once during their time in the factory.[305]
  • In 2020, young Tamil activists who were involved in collecting details about the thousands of Tamils abducted and disappeared by security forces were abducted, tortured and raped themselves.[306] Many of these new victims had siblings themselves who had earlier disappeared during the war. The 'International Truth and Justice Project' recounted their harrowing experiences:

"In detention they experienced brutal torture at the hands of the security forces, such as whipping of the soles of the feet, blows to sexual organs, cigarette burns, branding with a heated metal rod, water torture, asphyxiation, suspension in stress positions, mock executions and death threats, as well as rape, including gang rape."[306]

2021

  • On 2 January 2021, Sri Lankan police officers who had come to a Tamil house looking for a shopkeeper detained his daughter for questioning about her father's support for other Tamils. For five days she was beaten, tortured, and repeatedly raped and sexually abused by CID officers before being released after her family paid a bribe.[303]
  • In September 2021, the 'International Truth and Justice Project' reported that Tamils were still being raped and tortured by Sri Lankan security forces. Most of the victims were civilians and not former LTTE cadres. They were targeted for taking part in peaceful activities such as protests.[307][308][309]
  • Victims were "brutally beaten in detention, burned with hot metal rods, asphyxiated with petrol-soaked polythene bags, half drowned and then gang raped by the security forces." They were then left bleeding and naked on the floor with only their underwear to wipe the blood and semen off themselves.[310]
  • Of the 15 victims documented in the report, all had been raped whilst being racially abused as Tamils.[309] One army torturer told one victim:[309]

"You Tamil dog, you are an arrogant Tamil dog, whatever we do to you, no one is going to ask about it."

The Army man then forced his penis in the victim's mouth.
  • Another victim was filmed whilst being raped by the security forces.[309]
  • Two victims also reported being anally raped with a metal rod by the security forces.[310]

Documentaries

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Rasika Kobbekaduwa, a former Sri Lankan military police officer told a UK court that he was taught to 'humiliate' opponents of the government regime through 'organised sexual assaults'.[14]
  2. ^ "According to Margaret Trawick, an anthropologist who did field work in the Batticaloa area of eastern Sri Lanka, after four cadre gang-raped a 13-year-old girl, "As punishment, their hands were bound and they were dragged behind a tractor. At the end their bodies were torn up, and they were crying for water when they died."[11]
  3. ^ A major general in the Sri Lankan Army admitted to a foreign observer that he allowed his troops to rape Tamil women, provided that they leave no evidence that could lead to investigations.[24]
  4. ^ On 14 April 1998, at around 3:30pm, Selvaraasa Vasantha, a married mother of one, was raped by a Sri Lankan soldier inside the Karthika restaurant on Main Street, Point Pedro. The rape was witnessed by the owner of the restaurant V. Vijayakumari who made a complaint to the Sri Lankan Police and was due to make an appearance at an inquiry to be held on 16 April. SLA soldiers threatened her to withdraw her complaint, to which she refused. On the day of the inquiry, two Sri Lankan soldiers entered her restaurant in civilian clothing and ordered tea. They then covered her head with a pot, poured petrol over her and set her alight. All attempts by neighbours to douse the flames were blocked by the soldiers. After 45 minutes she was taken to the local hospital where she died.[25]
  5. ^ "Amnesty International has documented several cases of rape by members of the security forces. Because many women are reluctant to give testimony about their treatment by the security forces, Amnesty International believes that these testimonies represent only a fraction of a widespread pattern of human rights violations. In those cases reported to Amnesty International, the authorities took some initial action against the alleged perpetrators. However, the organization does not know of any member of the security forces who has been brought to justice on charges of rape."[26]
  6. ^ "Sri Lankan security forces are using systematic rape and murder of Tamil women to subjugate the Tamil population... Impunity continues to reign as rape is used as a weapon of war in Sri Lanka."[29]

References

  1. ^ a b Priyamvatha, P. (1 November 2013). "Isaipriya 'raped' and killed by Sri Lankan Army, says Channel 4 video". India Today.
  2. ^ a b Macrae, Callum (11 August 2015). "Sri Lanka Massacred Tens of Thousands of Tamils While the World Looked Away". Pulitzer Center. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
  3. ^ a b "New video evidence of alleged Sri Lankan war crimes requires UN investigation". Amnesty International. 9 December 2010.
  4. ^ International Truth and Justice Project (2014), 5 years on: The White Flag Incident 2009-2014 http://white-flags.org/
  5. ^ a b c d Tarzie Vittachi – Emergency '58: The story of the Ceylon race riots (1959), Andre Deutsch
  6. ^ a b c Neil De Votta – Blowback: Linguistic Nationalism, Institutional Decay, and Ethnic Conflict in Sri Lanka, p127
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Library, Lanka Free (15 October 2019). "Sansoni Commission 1980". Lanka Free Library. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
  8. ^ a b c Brian Eads – The Cover Up That Failed – The Prohibited Report From Colombo, London Observer – 20 September 1981
  9. ^
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  10. ^ "Sri Lanka - Ethnic Composition of the Armed Forces". www.country-data.com. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
  11. ^
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  12. ^ Katherine W. Bogen, April 2016, Rape and Sexual Violence: Questionable Inevitability and Moral Responsibility in Armed Conflict, Scholarly Undergraduate Research Journal at Clark, Volume 2
  13. ^ a b ""We Will Teach You a Lesson": Sexual Violence against Tamils by Sri Lankan Security Forces". Human Rights Watch. 26 February 2013.
  14. ^ Alexander, Stian (25 March 2016). "Massage from hell for 21-year-old woman as convicted bus flasher gets job at parlour and sniffs her". Daily Mirror. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
  15. ^
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  16. ^ Amnesty International, January 2002, SRI LANKA Rape in custody, AI Index: ASA 37/001/2002 p.3
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Jeyaraj, D. B. S. (8 July 2001). "Sexual Violence Against Tamil Women". The Sunday Leader.
  18. ^ a b Amnesty International on human rights violations before and after the Indo-Sri Lanka accord – Tamil Times, June 1988, p6-7
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  20. ^ "No, war doesn't have to mean rape". Women’s Media Center. 2 July 2013. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
  21. ^ "Report of the OHCHR Investigation on Sri Lanka (OISL)" (PDF). Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. 16 September 2015. p. 117. OISL did not find any information to suggest that the LTTE was responsible for sexual violence, and different sources indicated that anyone found responsible for sexual abuse or violence risked harsh punishment by the LTTE.
  22. ^ "Are Sri Lankan officers ordering soldiers to sexually assault Tamil detainees?". Washington Post. 16 November 2017. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
  23. ^ a b c d "Among the walking dead of India's refugee camps". www.jdslanka.org. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
  24. ^ Asian Human Rights Commission, September 2011 – SRI LANKA: A former air force officer rapes a ten-year-old girl http://www.humanrights.asia/news/ahrc-news/AHRC-STM-116-2011/
  25. ^
    Washington DC
    : Tamils Against Genocide. p. 95.
  26. ^ a b c d e Amnesty International, August 1996 – SRI LANKA Wavering commitment to human rights, p19
  27. ^ Amnesty International, August 1996 – SRI LANKA Wavering commitment to human rights, p9, 27
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Welcome to UTHR, Sri Lanka". uthr.org. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
  29. ^ a b Asian Human Rights Commission (AHRC), 12 January 2000, Crime Against Humanity: Systematic Detention, Torture, Rape and Murder as Weapon of War in Sri Lanka (AHRC UA Index 000112)
  30. ^ a b c d e f g "'Tamils still being raped and tortured' in Sri Lanka". BBC News. 9 November 2013. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
  31. ^ a b c d e Mohan, Rohini (2016). "The Fear of Rape: Tamil Women and Wartime Sexual Violence". In Jayawardena, K; Pinto-Jayawardena, K (eds.). The Search for Justice: The Sri Lankan Papers. Zubaan Series on Sexual Violence and Impunity in South Asia. New Delhi: Zubaan. pp. 237–295.
  32. ^ Ceylon Parliamentary Debates, Volume 57, Issues 1–6
  33. ^ a b Appapillai Amirthalingam, Secretary General of the Tamil United Liberation Front and Leader of the Opposition – Letter to the Sri Lanka President J.R.Jayawardene – 10 August 1983
  34. ^ T. Sabaratnam, Pirapaharan, Chapter 17 – Sinhala-Tamil Tension Mounts (2003)
  35. ^ Pavey, Eleanor (13 May 2008). "The massacres in Sri Lanka during the Black July riots of 1983". Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence. Even though the origins of the 1983 riots were widely attributed to the killing of 13 Sinhalese soldiers by Tamil rebels, many Tamils point out that it was the abduction and rape—by government forces—of three Tamil schoolgirls that led Tamil rebels to attack government forces. This incident took place in Jaffna during the week of July 18, 1983, following which one of the victims committed suicide.
  36. ^ T. Sabaratnam – Pirapaharan, Volume 2, Chapter 28 – The First Interview (2004)
  37. ^ "Thread by @wutdfark: "A 1983 horror story- As a young man in my early 20s, I sometimes travelled to Colombo with my grandma's neighbour. Myself, my aunt, his 2 ki […]". threadreaderapp.com. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
  38. ^ M.S Venkatachalam, 1987, Genocide in Sri Lanka, Delhi:Gian Publishing House, p.29
  39. ^ a b "Recorded figures of Arrests, Killings, Disappearances". tchr.net. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
  40. ^ Tamil passengers killed in Army hijack – Two women raped – Tamil Times – October 1984, p6,18.
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