Shango
| Shango | |
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Thunder, Lightning, Fire, Justice, Dance, Virility | |
| Member of the Osun |
| Part of a series on |
| Yorùbá people |
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Shango (
In the
Historical figure
Ṣàngó was the fourth Alafin of Oyo, following
Some of the slaves brought to the Americas were Yoruba, one of the various ethnic groups drawn into the Atlantic slave trade, and they brought the worship of Ṣàngó to the New World as a result. Strong devotion to Ṣàngó led to Yoruba religions in Trinidad and Recife, Brazil being named after the deity.[5]
In Yorubaland, Ṣàngó is worshipped on the fifth day of the week, which is named Ojo Jakuta. Ritual worship foods include guguru, bitter cola, àmàlà, and gbegiri soup. Also, he is worshipped with the Bata drum. One significant thing about this deity is that he is worshipped using red clothing, just as he is said to have admired red attire during his lifetime.[6]
Veneration of Ṣàngó
Nigeria
Ṣàngó is viewed as the most powerful of the orisha pantheon and is often described in two differing narratives.[7] In the first narrative, Ṣàngó casts a "thunderstone" to earth, which creates thunder and lightning, to anyone who offends him. Worshippers in Yorubaland in Nigeria do not eat cowpea because they believe that the wrath of the god of thunder and lightning would descend on them.[8] In the second narrative, Ṣàngó is gifted with the ability to breathe fire and smoke through his nostrils and is known for being angered by his quarrelsome wives. These narratives also encapsulate the virility, bravery, and governance of Ṣàngó.[7] While he was feared for tyranny and destructive powers, he was also highly revered for his bravery, fairness, and tremendous powers.[7]
The Ṣàngó god necklaces are composed of varying patterns of red and white beads, usually in groupings of four or six, which are his sacred numbers. Rocks created by lightning strikes are venerated by Ṣàngó worshipers; these stones, if found, are maintained at sacred sites and used in rituals. Ṣàngó is called on during coronation ceremonies in Nigeria to the present day.[9][10][5]
The Americas
Ṣàngó is venerated in Santería as "Changó". As in the Yoruba religion, Changó is one of the most feared gods in Santería.[9]
In Haïti, he is from the "Nago" Nation, and is known as Ogou Chango. Palo recognizes him as "Siete Rayos".
Candomblé
Ṣàngó is known as Xangô in the
Characteristics
- Consecrated day: Friday
- Colors: white and red
- Elements: thunder, lightning, fire
- Sacred food: amalá (a stew of okra with shrimp and palm oil)
- Instruments: oxê, a double ax; bangles; brass crown; Thunder Stones, or objects struck by lightning
- Garment: red cloth with printed white squares or cowrie shells
- Necklace or Elekes: white and red beads
- Archetype: power, dominance
- Sacred dance: alujá, the roda de Xangô. It speaks of his achievements, deeds, consorts, power, and dominion
- Sacrificial animals: fresh water turtle, male goat, sheep[12][11][13]
Amalá, also known as amalá de Xangô, is the ritual dish offered to the orixá. It is a stew made of chopped okra, onion, dried shrimp, and palm oil. Amalá is served on Wednesday at the pegi, or altar, on a large tray, traditionally decorated with 12 upright uncooked okra. Due to ritual prohibitions, the dish may not be offered on a wooden tray or accompanied by bitter kola. Amalá de Xangô may also be prepared with the addition of beef, specifically an ox tail. Amalá de Xangô is different than àmàlà, a dish common to Yoruba areas of Nigeria.[11]
Popular culture
- "Shango (Chant to the God of Thunder)" is a track from percussionist Babatunde Olatunjiin 1960.
- "Shango" is the title of a Hugh Masekela track on his 2016 album No Borders.
- Shango is the name of the Europa Mission vessel in season 2 of Star Trek: Picard.
- The song "Que Viva Chango" by Celina y Reutilio refers both to Chango and to Santa Barbara.[14][15]
- Shango is a large theme in the Mighty Sparrow song "Congo Man".
- Caliban invokes Shango in Aimé Césaire's play Une Tempête (A Tempest).[16]
- Shango appears as a minor character in The Iron Druid Chronicles by Kevin Hearne.
- In episode 28 of the telenovela Celia, loosely based on the life of Celia Cruz and produced by Telemundo, the cultural ancestors of Celia's African heritage visit her in her dreams, chanting and invoking the presence of Chango.
- "Shango" is a bonus track on Guadalcanal Diary's album 2x4.
- Chango is portrayed by Wale in season 3 of American Gods.[17]
- FC Shango is an over 40 and over 50 American men's recreational football club based in Minnesota.
See also
References
- ISBN 0-415-94180-6.
- ISBN 9781675098.
- ^ ISBN 0-253-20847-5.
- ISBN 90-5702-610-4.
- ^ ISBN 9780292787315.
- ^ Johnson, History of the Yorubas, 149-152.
- ^ ISBN 9780253220943.
- ^ "Sango spit fire in Oyo @ World Sango Festival 2016 Mp3 İndir". mp3indir.icu. Retrieved 2019-06-10.
- ^ ISBN 9781439900406.
- ^ Onifade, Olasunkanmi Adeoye (2006). ". Perception of Health educator about the effects of food taboos and fallacies on the health of Nigerians" (PDF). Educational Research and Development (JOERD): 44–50. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
- ^ ISBN 9788534701877.
- ^ ISBN 9788569522492.
- ^ Magalhães, Elyette Guimarães de (2003). Orixás da Bahia (8a ed.). Salvador, Bahia: Secretaria da Cultura e Turismo. pp. 155–156.
- ^ "- YouTube". YouTube.
- ^ "Que Viva Chango lyrics by Celina & Reutilio".
- Alexander Street Press.
- ^ Abbey White (2021-01-31). "Why Chango From American Gods Season 3 Looks So Familiar". Looper.com. Retrieved 2021-02-01.
Bibliography
- Johnson, Samuel, History of the Yorubas, London 1921 (pp. 149–152).
- Lange, Dierk: "Yoruba origins and the 'Lost Tribes of Israel'", Anthropos 106 (2011), 579-595.
- Law, Robin: The Oyo Empire c. 1600 – c. 1836, Oxford 1977.
- Seux, M.-J., Épithètes royales akkadiennes et sumériennes, Paris 1967.
- Tishken,Joel E., Tóyìn Fálọlá, and Akíntúndéí Akínyẹmí (eds), Sàngó in Africa and the African Diaspora, Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2009.
Further reading
- Charles Spencer King, "Nature's Ancient Religion: Orisha Worship & IFA" ISBN 1-4404-1733-4
- Charles Spencer King, "IFA Y Los Orishas: La Religion Antigua De LA Naturaleza" ISBN 1-4610-2898-1
External links
