Sharavati
Sharavati Sharavati River | |
---|---|
Ambutheertha | |
• location | Thirthahalli Taluk, Shimoga, Karnataka |
• coordinates | 13°47′33″N 75°10′35″E / 13.79250°N 75.17639°E |
• elevation | 730 m (2,400 ft) |
Mouth | Laccadive Sea |
• location | Honnavar, Uttara Kannada, Karnataka |
• coordinates | 14°17′57″N 74°25′25″E / 14.29917°N 74.42361°E |
• elevation | 0 ft (0 m) |
Length | 128 km (80 mi) |
Basin size | 2,985 km2 (1,153 sq mi) |
Discharge | |
• location | Honnavar |
Sharavati is a river which originates and flows entirely within the state of Karnataka in India. It is one of the few westward flowing rivers of India and a major part of the river basin lies in the Western Ghats. The famous Jog Falls, located about 25 km from Siddapura, is formed by this river. The river itself and the regions around it are rich in biodiversity and are home to many rare species of flora and fauna.
Origin and topography
The river Sharavati originates at a place called
The total length of the river is around 128 km (80 mi) and it joins the
Geology
The river basin mainly consists of
- The Dharwar system: This system contains metamorphic rocks that are considered to be among the oldest in India. These rocks are derived from ancient sediments like conglomerates, ferruginous quartzites, greywackes, schists and limestones. They are rich in iron and manganese.
- Peninsular gneiss: These are crystalline rocks and are made up of granite, granodiorite, granito-gneiss, migmatite etc.
Soils in the Sharavati basin are mainly
Climate
Rainfall
With a major part of the river lying in the Western Ghats, the Sharavati river basin receives a large amount of rainfall. Mean annual rainfall ranges from 6000 mm in the western side to 1700 mm in the eastern side of the basin. About 95% of the rainfall is received during the month of June to September (July being the rainiest) when the southwest monsoon is at its peak.[2] There is some rainfall in the post monsoon season in the form of thundershowers mostly during October and some rainfall also occurs during the summer months of April and May.[2]
Temperature
April is usually the hottest month with the mean daily maximum temperature at 35.8 °C and the mean daily minimum at 22.2 °C.[2]
Humidity
During the morning, the
Dams
Linganamakki dam
The
Gerusoppa dam
The Gerusoppa dam project was completed in 2002 with the main purpose of generation of electricity. It was constructed near the Gerusoppa village in the Uttara Kannada district. It has a height of 56 metres and a length of 545 metres.[citation needed]
The Power House on the right bank of the Gerusoppa dam consists of four Francis-type turbines coupled to the generating units of 60 MW each. The units are configured to operate at a design head of 47.5 m. An outdoor switchyard is located between the toe of the dam and the power house. Power from the outdoor yard is evacuated through a 220 kV double circuit transmission line connected to the state grid at Talaguppa.[citation needed]
The Gerusoppa Project is a
Waterfalls
Jog Falls
Jog Falls is the highest waterfall in India if the single drop water fall and the volume of water are considered for height. Otherwise, it is the third highest waterfall in India (after Kunchikal Falls and Barkana Falls); all three are located in Shivamogga district.[5] The Sharavati river plunges 253 meters (830 ft) into a deep gorge here in four different segments called as Raja, Roarer, Rocket and Rani. The volume of water that reaches Jog Falls is controlled upstream by the Linganamakki dam, and the falls are at their mightiest when water is released from the dam.
Flora and fauna
The Sharavati river basin is rich in
- Schistura sharavatiensis: A fish species discovered in Sharavati river near Algod, Shimoga district.[7]
In 2011, two new species of diatoms were discovered from Hirebhaskeri Dam of Sharavati River.[8]
Sharavati Valley Wildlife Sanctuary
A part of the Sharavati river basin was declared as a wildlife sanctuary on 20 April 1972.[9] Spread over an area of 431.23 km2 (166 sq mi), it has dense evergreen and semi-evergreen forests. Linganamakki reservoir, with an area of 128.7 km2 (50 sq mi), is a part of this sanctuary. The remaining area has been divided into core zone (74.33 km2.), buffer zone (170.67 km2) and tourism zone (57.53 km2).[9] The altitude in the sanctuary varies from 94 m to 1102 m, the highest point being Devarakonda on the southern edge of the sanctuary. Temperatures range from 15° to 38 °C and the mean annual rainfall is 4500 mm.[9]
- Flora
The sanctuary has mainly evergreen, semi-green and some moist
- Fauna
The sanctuary is a refuge of the endangered
Places of interest
Honnemaradu
Notes
- ^ A brief description of Ambutheertha is provided by Padma Ramachandran (12 July 2004). "Malnad splendour". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 21 May 2007.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j A detailed study on the Sharavati river is made by Saira Varghese Kidangan. "Quantification of Hydrological responses to landuse changes using Remote Sensing and GIS techniques" (PDF). Online webpage of Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, National Remote Sensing Agency. Dept. of Space, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 October 2007. Retrieved 21 May 2007.
- ^ A detailed description of the Sharavati river basin is provided by Karthick B. & Ramachandra T.V. (23 May 2006). "Water Quality status of Sharavati river basin, Western Ghats" (PDF). ENVIS TECHNICAL REPORT. Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. Retrieved 21 May 2007.
- ^ "Proceedings of National Conference on 'Control Of Industrial Pollution and Environmental Degradation', Coimbatore, September 14th and 15th 2001, pp 262-275". Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. Retrieved 21 May 2007.
- ^ "Showing all Waterfalls in India". World Waterfalls Database. Archived from the original on 5 September 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2007.
- doi:10.11609/JoTT.ZPJ.19.2.1339-42. Archived from the original(PDF) on 4 March 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2007.
- doi:10.11609/JoTT.ZPJ.1386.2211-6. Retrieved 7 May 2007.)
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- ^ a b c d e f g A Walk on the Wild Side, An Information Guide to National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries of Karnataka, Compiled and Edited by Dr. Nima Manjrekar, Karnataka Forest Department, Wildlife Wing, October 2000