Shaukat Aziz
Shaukat Aziz | |
---|---|
شوکت عزیز | |
Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain Himself | |
Preceded by | Ishaq Dar |
Succeeded by | Salman Shah |
Personal details | |
Born | Shaukat Abdul Aziz 6 March 1949 Gordon College IBA |
Shaukat Aziz (
Aziz's
Education
Shaukat Aziz was born in Karachi, Pakistan on 6 March 1949. He studied at Saint Patrick's School, Karachi and Abbottabad Public School, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
The PBC moved his family to
Career in Citigroup
Initially, Aziz joined the corporate branch of Citibank Pakistan as its credit officer in 1969. During his career, Aziz subsequently served in various countries including Pakistan, Greece, United States, United Kingdom, Malaysia, Philippines, Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Singapore.[11]
When a multinational corporation wants to enter emerging markets, it call its lawyers, its accountants, its embassy...and of course, Citibank...
Aziz as the director of Asia/Pacific global finance operations, CitiBank[12]
After arriving to assume the charge of corporate assignment in the United States, Aziz settled in New York City and took over the office operations of Citibank at the
]In the U.S., Aziz held numerous positions in Citibank across several divisions including Corporate and Investment Banking (CIB), Corporate Planning Officer (CPO), Chief Financial Officer of Citicorp and managing director of Citibank Singapore.[11] He has been a board member of Citibank subsidiaries, including Saudi American Bank, Citicorp Islamic Bank, and of several non-profit organizations.[15] Aziz played a pivotal role in expanding Citibank branches and corporate directive operations throughout the country and was instrumental in bringing multinational banking industries into Pakistan in the 1990s.[12]
At Citibank, Aziz served as the corporate director of Asia Pacific global finance operations and had been notable for financing and managing funds on behalf of Citibank and other financial corporations in global stock markets.[12] He was also involved with Citi Private Bank, a subsidiary of Citigroup.[16] Aziz regarded his career in Citigroup as "extremely helpful" in preparing him for the executive public office, in 2006.[17]
Aziz continued to visit Pakistan, working to expand Citibank's financial services and banking, overseeing the wide expansion of Citigroup's branches and its influence in Pakistan.
By the 1990s, Aziz had established many notable contacts within the United States administration.
Finance Minister
Shaukat Aziz had been a president of
On 26 November 1999, while addressing a gathering of influential lobbyists of the
Aziz reportedly returned with Musharraf in November 1999 and took charge of the
Initially there was a decline in the economy, and Aziz attributes this as "state (Pakistan) unpleasant relations with international financial institutions.
After the
In 2001, Aziz implemented and activated the
By October 2007, at the end of Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz's tenure, Pakistan raised back its Foreign Reserves to $16.4 billion. Pakistan's trade deficit was at $13 billion, exports were $18 billion, revenue generation was $13 billion and attracted foreign investment was $8.4 billion.[23]
Pakistan's fiscal performance was praised by IMF and the World Bank.[24] The World Bank further reiterated that Pakistan's economic growth bolstered international confidence.[25]
IMF's new South Asia director Mr. George Abed, said he was "very pleased with the record of Pakistan in the past three years of continued macroeconomic and financial stabilisation and we have begun to think of Pakistan as a country of promise and a country of potentially high rate of growth".[26]
The Asian Development Bank also praised Pakistan's Micro-Finance.[27]
In 2001, Mr. Aziz was also named "Finance Minister of the Year" by Euromoney and Bankers magazines.
Assassination attempt
While campaigning on 30 July 2004, Aziz survived an assassination attempt in the Attock District of Punjab, Pakistan.[28][29] The suicide bomb attack was staged in Fateh Jang, a small town to the north of the capital, Islamabad, where Aziz was contesting an election.[28] The attempt was made when Aziz was departing after meeting with constituents. A suicide bomber, who was travelling with the Aziz motorcade, detonated the device next to the car in which Aziz was travelling, killing himself and Aziz's chauffeur, as well as six others.[28][30][31]
Aziz called the incident "tragic," and said it had claimed the lives of innocent people. He added that it had reinforced his resolve to serve Pakistan and the Islamic world.[32] After safely reaching Islamabad, Aziz instigated a probe, while the foreign office contacted its mission in Egypt to try to determine the veracity of an Al Qaeda claim of responsibility.[33] Ten suspected Al-Qaeda perpetrators were arrested in Egypt and later extradited to Pakistan for the crime.[33]
Prime Minister
By 2004, Aziz had become a right hand of general Musharraf, as Musharraf described in
However, Aziz was not a member of the
Having been described and labelled as an urban gentlemen and smartly dressed, Aziz was tasked with day-to-day running of the federal government and see that policies were more effectively executed while Musharraf handled the military issues.[35] In Pakistan, it was also said that Musharraf blindly trusted Aziz and sometimes, Musharraf's approvals were not needed for the projects that normally required permission.[35] Aziz quietly and more quickly undermined the elements seeking to undermine Musharraf which may have been a factor that Musharraf had blindly trusted Aziz.[35]
The post was held by
Election as Prime Minister
Aziz was elected prime minister by parliament on 27 August 2004, by a vote of 191 to 151 in the
Aziz left office on 16 November 2007, at the end of the parliamentary term and became the first prime minister of Pakistan who left seat after completion of parliamentary term of five years.[39]
←June 2004 | 27 August 2004 | 2008→ | |
---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Party | Votes Obtained | |
Required majority → | 172 out of 342 | ||
Shaukat Aziz | Pakistan Muslim League (Q) | 191 | |
Abstentions
|
151 |
Domestic reforms
Aziz successfully oversaw the rapid development of the
In 2005, a non-partisan local government elections were decided to be held in entire country, starting first to hold the elections in Karachi,
Problems began to mount with nationalist
In Islamabad alone, Aziz's government was forced to take military action, codename
One of the widely reported controversy took place in his government was the atomic proliferation scandal of Abdul Qadeer Khan. Aziz remains supportive towards Khan and efficiently took matters of Abdul Qadeer Khan in 2006 from President Musharraf. On 10 September 2006, Aziz sent flowers and personally visited Khan when he was hospitalised[53] and on 12 October 2007, Musharraf made it clear to United States and rest of the world that Khan "won't be handed over" at given any circumstances.[54] On a television speech, Aziz paid a huge tribute to Abdul Qadeer Khan and while commenting on last part of his speech, Aziz stressed it:
The (meritorious) services of scientist Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan are "unforgettable" for our beloved country, "Pakistan"....
— Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz Shukat Aziz publicly supporting Abdul Qadeer Khan in 2007, source[53]
Energy policy
After assuming the office, Aziz announced a controversial "New 25-year energy plan", aiming to raise Pakistan's dependence on imported oil for power generation to 50% by 2030.[55] His government pushed for the renewable energy, and put efforts to established the solar energy and wind power sector in the country.[56]
Prime Minister Aziz's "New 25-year energy plan" remains extremely controversial and met great public criticism by
Defence reforms
Aziz oversaw the successful development of the
The
two countries...
— Shaukat Aziz, 2007
In August 2006, Aziz visited the People's Republic of China, seeking Chinese cooperation in
In 2004, Aziz stated and clarified Pakistan's nuclear policy to the world and India in an interview given to the
Pakistan's strategy of "
Times of India, [69]
From 2005 and onwards, Aziz's government took major steps against
Foreign relations
On foreign fronts, Aziz closely collaborated with Musharraf while working to develop the
Accompanied by
Aziz paid a farewell visit to South Korea to strengthen and enhance
Aziz pushed his foreign policy to Russia,[87] calling Russia a "global super power".[88] In 2006, Aziz invited state-run and private-media of Russia where he repeatedly stressed for the need to enhance cooperation between Pakistan and Russia in the fields of education, science and technology, energy, defence and trade and investment.[87] Finally, in 2007, Russian prime minister Mikhail Fradkov paid a three-day-long visit to Pakistan, becoming the first Russian prime minister and leader to visit the country in 38 years.[89] During this trip, Aziz and Fradkov pledged to boost economic ties and signed two co-operation agreements .[90]
Economic policy
Under Shaukat Aziz's government, the country's
After taking control of the economy, Aziz aggressively promoted the privatisation, deregulation and economic liberalisation programme and open the large heavy mechanical industries, petroleum companies, electropetroleum and chemical enterprises and state-owned corporations to private sectors.[91] His tenure as finance minister and prime minister, the agriculture production and construction well increased, whilst aggressively and forcefully implementing his policies to liberalise the trade, and eliminated the non-tariff barriers.[91] Under his regime, the maximum bound tariffs were brought down to high as 300% to 25% whilst the applied tariff averages falls in the range of 5% to 10%.[91]
The GDP growth which was at 3.9% in October 1999, stood between 6.6%—9% and successfully privatised all state-owned corporations and state enterprises before completing his term.
Political economists, however, gave other side of story by arguing that his policies were not aimed at alleviating poverty as he seldom offered relief to the poor sections of the society.[4] Shaukat Aziz is roundly criticized for his policy of downsizing in the public sector and disintegrating the effects of nationalisation policies of Benazir Bhutto as early as the 1990s but Aziz defended as he points out that his policies made these institutions viable while they were on the verge of collapse.[4] Political economist dr. S. Akbar Zaidi argues that his policies mastered Pakistan's economy but such indicators are misleading and unsustainable because his policies do not examine or explain the particular, perplexing economy of Pakistan.[93]
Image and credentials
A banker and financier by training and extensive experience in the United States, Aziz's credentials are extremely high and considered one of the successful finance minister of Pakistan.
As Prime minister and as well as finance minister, Aziz did extraordinarily well... statistics on Pakistan's economic growth has now grew at 8.4%— the second fastest growing economy in the world after China
— Richard Haas, 2006
Aziz aggressively pushed land development and public and private construction spending to improve infrastructure and facilities to attract greater business investment.[77] The international communities regarded Aziz as a reformer, with Pakistan's structural reforms ranking high amongst emerging economies.[77] Aziz co-chaired the Secretary-General's High Level Panel on the United Nations System-wide Coherence in the areas of development, humanitarian assistance and the environment. Aziz oversaw the success of the privatisation programme in Pakistan and most of the proceeds so far have come from the telecom and banking sectors, around 80% of Pakistan's banking sector was put under the private hands.[94]
Nothing is sacred, we are packaging up our companies
— Prime minister Shaukat Aziz, 2006
The BBC noted that the privatisation programme, initiated by Nawaz Sharif in 1990, picked up from a jog to a sprint under watchful eyes of Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz. The prime minister is considered the chief architect of privatisation and is widely respected among foreign investors.[94] In an interview with BBC, Aziz mentioned Pakistan's economic growth as he puts it:
Pakistan has had the most broad-based structural reform of any country in Asia. Last year, we were the second fastest growing economy in the world after China. We grew at 8.4%....
— Shaukat Aziz, 2006, [94]
In 2008, Aziz participated in the Global Creative Leadership Summit, organised by the Louise Blouin Foundation. As a delegate, he delivered a keynote speech for the panel entitled "Economic Crisis, Economics of Change: Credit, Commodities, and Trade."
Controversies and criticism
In spite of supervising and presiding the successful economic growth at an unprecedent level, his privatisation and energy policies remains extremely controversial in public circles.[4] Critics argued that Aziz's privatisation policies and privatised energy sector did not fully tackle with full force in country's economy. Aziz defended as he points out that his policies made these institutions viable while they were on the verge of collapse.[4]
An unsuccessful attempt to privatise the Pakistan Steel Mills was also thwarted by trade unions and pro-nationalization elements who took the case to Supreme Court of Pakistan in 2006. But Aziz said that his privatisation program produced "the second fastest growing economy in the world."[94]
On 30 October 2011, Aziz directed a letter sent from Dubai to the Provincial Police Office to Balochistan High Court stating "he had been mentioned in the FIR registered at the Dera Bugti Police Station on 13 October 2009, which alleged that then president Pervez Musharraf used him as part of Akbar Bugti case in which the latter committed suicide during a military operation.".[50] Aziz maintained that he was informed of "unfortunate event" through the televised media.[50] Aziz later stated in television that Akbar Bugti died in a military operation during the night of 25/26 August 2008.[50]
On 5 November 2017, Aziz appeared on the
Post-politics
Shaukat Aziz currently resides in West London, United Kingdom. He serves on a number of boards and advisory boards including
He remains active on economic issues and harshly criticised the
Speaking at the
See also
- List of prime ministers of Pakistan
- Government of Shaukat Aziz
- Privatization in Pakistan
- Market corporatisation
- 2008 Pakistani parliamentary election
References
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Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz of Pakistan has called on local governments to be more transparent and accountable.
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The services of Nuclear Scientist Dr. Qadeer Khan are unforgettable for the country; we will not hand him over to any other country...
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Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan would not be handed over to anyone and foreign forces would not be allowed to conduct any operation inside Pakistan
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{{cite news}}
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Pakistan has had the distinction of being both the most allied ally and the most sanctioned ally of the United States. However, an enduring feature has been the friendship between the people of our two countries.
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Pakistan is keen to enhance its bilateral relations with Russia. Russia is a major global super power and we want to have an ongoing dialogue between the two countries on diplomatic, economic and security matters...— Shaukat Aziz
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{{cite book}}
:|last=
has generic name (help - ^ ISBN 978-1-61039-021-7. Archivedfrom the original on 31 December 2013. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
- ^ Zaidi, S. Akbar (25 November 2011). "Perplexing economy". Dawn. Pakistan. Archived from the original on 11 June 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
-Shaukat Aziz economic team were masters. However, such indicators are misleading and unsustainable because they do not examine or explain the particular, perplexing economy of Pakistan. Some good research highlighting what makes Pakistan`s economy run in the first place is a minimum starting point to revive Pakistan`s economy. There is great need for some unconventional wisdom.
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Pakistan has had the most broad-based structural reform of any country in Asia. Last year, we were the second fastest growing economy in the world after China. We grew at 8.4%
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{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "International Advisory Board". Archived from the original on 19 December 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
- ^ a b c d "Popular Ratings of Shaukat Aziz" (Press release). Election Commission of Pakistan. Archived from the original on 8 April 2012. Retrieved 3 June 2012.
- ^ M. Ziauddin (5 June 2008). "Aziz blames caretakers for most economic woes". Dawn. Pakistan. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
Nawaz Sharif will soon pull the plug on Asif Ali Zardari and force a fresh election which he will sweep, paving the way for a two-party system to emerge with the PML-N in the government and the PPP in the opposition, predicted former prime minister Shaukat Aziz
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External links
- Shaukat Aziz
- Economic Pakistan
- Profile by BBC dated 30 July 2004
- The Turnaround Wizard – Asia Inc. cover story, 4 March 2004
- Asiasource interview Archived 24 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine of Shaukat Aziz dated 20 April 2004
- A conversation with Pakistan Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz South China Morning Post dated 28 March 2007
- BOI Pakistan Economic indicators
- Pakistan's Former Prime Minister Defends His Country – The Daily Beast June 7, 2011
- Pakistan, China enjoy multi-faceted relationship: former Pakistani PM – June, 28, 2011