Shawarma
Shawarma (
Etymology
The name shāwarmā in Arabic is a rendering of the term çevirme in Ottoman Turkish (چيويرمى [tʃeviɾˈme], lit. 'turning'), referring to rotisserie.[11]
History
Although the roasting of meat on horizontal spits has an ancient history, the shawarma technique—grilling a vertical stack of meat slices and cutting it off as it cooks—first appeared in the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century in the form of döner kebab,[1][13][14] which both the Greek gyros and the Levantine shawarma are derived from.[1][2][15] Shawarma, in turn, led to the development during the early 20th century of the contemporary Mexican dish tacos al pastor when it was brought there by Lebanese immigrants.[2][16] The dish is also especially popular in Ottawa, Ontario, where a large community of the Lebanese diaspora exists.[17]
Preparations
Shawarma is prepared from thin cuts of seasoned and marinated lamb, mutton, veal, beef, chicken, or turkey. The slices are stacked on a skewer about 60 cm (20 in) high. Pieces of fat may be added to the stack to provide extra juiciness and flavour. A motorized spit slowly turns the stack of meat in front of an electric or gas-fired heating element, continuously roasting the outer layer. Shavings are cut off the rotating stack for serving, customarily with a long, flat knife.[1]
Spices may include cumin, cardamom, cinnamon, turmeric or paprika, and in some areas baharat.[16][3] Shawarma is commonly served as a sandwich or wrap, in a flatbread such as pita, laffa or lavash.[1][18] In the Middle East, chicken shawarma is typically served with garlic sauce, fries, and pickles. The garlic sauce served with the sandwich depends on the meat. Toum or toumie sauce is made from garlic, vegetable oil, lemon, and egg white or starch, and is usually served with chicken shawarma. Tarator sauce is made from garlic, tahini sauce, lemon, and water, and is served with beef shawarma.
In
In Armenia and Georgia, shawarma is traditionally made with thin cuts of marinated meat which is left marinating overnight in spices such as coriander, cumin, cardamom, paprika, garlic, lemon juice, and olive oil.[20]
Gallery
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Shawarma in pita
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Shawarma on lavash
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Shawarma in "cheese" (top) and "regular" (bottom) lavash
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Mixed shawarma with rice and tomatoes
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Slicing and preparation
See also
References
- ^ from the original on 2023-04-21. Retrieved 2018-08-10 – via Google Books.
- ^ a b c Prichep, Deena; Estrin, Daniel (2015-05-07). "Thank the Ottoman Empire for the taco al pastor". PRI. Archived from the original on 2015-05-08. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
- ^ from the original on 2023-04-21. Retrieved 2019-02-16.
- ISBN 978-0-02-865771-4. Archivedfrom the original on 2023-04-21. Retrieved 2015-11-14.
- ISBN 9780313376269. Archivedfrom the original on 2023-04-21. Retrieved 2020-10-20 – via Google Books.
- OCLC 1119636257– via Google Books.
- from the original on 2023-04-21. Retrieved 2015-11-14.
Shawarma is a popular Levantine Arab specialty.
- from the original on 2023-04-21. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
Shawarma - An Arab sandwich similar to the gyro.
- ^ الهواري, د عبد القادر. أسلمة العالم (in Arabic). ببلومانيا للنشر والتوزيع. p. 54.
- OCLC 864676073.
- ^ a b Al Khan, Mohammed N. (31 July 2009). "Shawarma: the Arabic fast food". Gulf News. Archived from the original on 4 March 2018. Retrieved 7 January 2018.
- ISBN 978-1-74104-546-8.
- ^ Eberhard Seidel-Pielen (May 10, 1996). "Döner-Fieber sogar in Hoyerswerda" [Doner fever even in Hoyerswerda]. ZEIT ONLINE (in German). Archived from the original on December 25, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2016.
Neither in the written recipes of the medieval Arab cuisine nor in the Turkish cookbooks from the first half of the 19th century are there any indications. According to research carried out by Turkish master chef Rennan Yaman, who lives in Berlin, the doner kebab is an amazingly young creation of Ottoman cuisine. (Quote translated from the German)
- ISBN 9780521402156. Archivedfrom the original on 2023-04-21. Retrieved 2019-07-23 – via Google Books.
Bursa is the town that gave birth to the world-famous doner kebab, meat roasted on a vertical revolving spit.
- from the original on 2023-01-15. Retrieved 2019-07-23.
- ^ a b c Guttman, Vered (2017-05-01). "How to Make Shawarma Like an Israeli". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 2020-11-12. Retrieved 2019-02-16.
- ^ Deachman, Bruce (2017-09-02). "Shawarma: the staple of Ottawa cuisine". Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 2024-02-25.
- ^ Al-Masri, Mohammad. Colloquial Arabic (Levantine): The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge.
- ^ Laor, Eran (2019-01-10). "Shawarma, the Iconic Israeli Street Food, Is Slowly Making a Comeback in Tel Aviv". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 2022-03-05. Retrieved 2019-02-16.
- ^ "Tasty Yerevan | Eat the World Los Angeles". www.eattheworldla.com. Retrieved 2023-11-03.
External links
- Media related to Shawarma at Wikimedia Commons