Sheddase
Sheddases are membrane-bound
These enzymes can activate a transmembrane protein if it is a receptor (e.g., HER2), or cut off the part of the transmembrane protein which has already bound an agonist (e.g., in the case of EGFR), allowing this agonist to go and stimulate a receptor on another cell. Hence, sheddases demultiply[clarification needed] the yield of agonists. Sheddase inhibitors active on ADAM10 and ADAM17 can potentiate anti-cancer therapy.[2]
Functions
It has been postulated that the activity of sheddases occurs in relation to the amount of general enzymatic activity. Research indicates that sheddases are instead related to phosphatidylserine exposure. When PSA-3 cells' ability to synthesize phosphatidylserine was repressed, sheddase activity decreased, and the sheddase activity returned to normal levels when the cells were again able to synthesize phosphatidylserine. This led researchers to conclude that phosphatidyserine exposure is necessary for cells to exhibit sheddase activity.[3]
Uses
Due to the nature of the mechanisms and functions of sheddase enzymes, they have been studied on the basis of discovering possible uses in medicine. One such use is in the treatment of allergic responses and other processes of the immune system. ADAM10 is responsible for the shedding of the
Tumor necrosis factor alpha converting enzyme (TACE) is a sheddase protein that has been observed in many types of cancer and could serve as an important Biomarker (medicine) used in the detection of cancer.[5] While the expression of TACE does not directly correlate with particular stages of cancer, the shedding activity of the enzyme is significantly more prominent in head and neck cancer cells compared to normal cultured cells.[5]
See also
- Ectodomain shedding
References
- ^ R&D Systems (Winter 2006). "Need help at the cell surface? Ask your local sheddase". Cytokine Bulletin.
- ^ Healthvalue: Sheddases and ADAMs
- PMID 27161080.
- ^ "ADAM10 is a principal 'sheddase' of the low-affinity immunoglobulin E receptor CD23" (PDF). Retrieved November 5, 2016.
- ^ a b "Sheddase Activity of Tumor Necrosis Factor- Converting Enzyme Is Increased and Prognostically Valuable in Head and Neck Cancer". Retrieved 2016-11-05.