Shehu Musa Yar'Adua

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Major General
Shehu Musa Yar'Adua
4th Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters
In office
13 February 1976 – 30 September 1979
Head of StateOlusegun Obasanjo
Preceded byOlusegun Obasanjo
Succeeded byAlex Ekwueme as 1st elected Vice President of Nigeria
Personal details
Born(1943-03-05)5 March 1943
Katsina, Northern Region, British Nigeria
(now in Katsina State, Nigeria)
Died8 December 1997(1997-12-08) (aged 54)
Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Political party
Spouse
  • Hajia Binta Yar'Adua
Relations
Parent
Alma mater
Occupation
  • Politician
  • military officer
Military service
Allegiance 
Major general
Battles/warsNigerian Civil War

Shehu Musa Yar'Adua

GCON ((listen); 5 March 1943 – 8 December 1997) was a Nigerian general and politician who was the de facto vice president of Nigeria as Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters
when Nigeria was under military rule from 1976 to 1979. He was a prominent politician during the later transition from military to civilian rule in the late 1980s and into the 1990s.

Early life

Yar'Adua was born in

titled family. His father, Musa Yar'Adua, was a teacher who later became the Minister for Lagos Affairs from 1957 to 1966[1]
during Nigeria's First Republic and held the ]

Yar'Adua attended Katsina Middle School and then Katsina Provincial School (now Government College, Katsina) for his secondary education; at the provincial school, where he was classmates with former Nigerian president

Nigerian Military Training College.[4] He passed and was enlisted into the Nigerian Army in 1962 as part of the course 5 intake of the Nigerian military training school. Yar'Adua was selected for further training at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. He was turbaned as the Tafidan Katsina by the Emir of Katsina Muhammadu Kabir Usman.[citation needed
]

Military career

Name tag on the uniform of Shehu Musa Yar'adua

In 1964, after he returned from Sandhurst, Yar'Adua was posted to the first infantry battalion of the Nigerian Army in Enugu under the command of Col Adekunle Fajuyi as second lieutenant. From 1964 to the end of the Nigerian Civil War, he held various positions including platoon commander in 1964, and from 1965 to 1966 adjutant of the First Infantry Battalion in Enugu. He was a battalion commander in 1967, and in 1968 became a Brigade Commander. During the civil war, he commanded the 6th infantry brigade under the leadership of Murtala Muhammed, commander of the second division.[5] In October 1967, Yar'Adua was given the responsibility for the capture of Onitsha[6] after two (2) unsuccessful attempts by the Nigerian troops.[citation needed]

In 1975, he was an active participant in the military coup d'état that deposed General Yakubu Gowon as Nigeria's Head of State.[7] After the success of the coup, he served as Transport Minister in General Murtala Muhammed's regime. As Transport Minister his major task was to decongest the Lagos port. Prior to the coup, officials of the previous regime had ordered 16 million tonnes of cement to build military barracks around the country. However, the berthing facilities of the port were inadequate. The financial implications became more striking because the Nigerian government was liable to pay demurrage fees by the shippers. The Muhammed regime decided to transfer some of the cargoes to neighboring ports and introduce cement management firms to clear and sell the cement and build the new Tin Can Island Port.[8]

Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters

Following the

Head of State, Shehu Yar'Adua as Chief of Staff SMHQ, and General Theophilus Danjuma as Chief of Army Staff. As head of the SMHQ, Yar'Adua was the de facto second-in-command. Yar'Adua who was from the northern aristocracy was relied on heavily by the triumvirate to consolidate power in the north.[citation needed
]

His office was assigned the task of managing operations of

Obasanjo regime.[9] Operation Feed the Nation, known as OFN, was an initiative to boost local production of agricultural produce, especially staple crops such as rice and wheat, so as to improve self-sufficiency of food crops and reduce growing food deficits. Mechanisms used to promote the objective included the distribution of heavily subsidized fertilizers and seeds to farmers,[10] loans to small scale farmers to enable them to purchase equipment, and an educational outreach programme manned by Corpers to teach peasant farmers how to use modern agricultural equipment.[citation needed
]

However, by 1979 the policy had not achieved its primary goal of self-reliance and self-sufficiency.[11] Yar'Adua also guided the Supreme Military Council's initiatives on local government reforms which led to the conduct of local government elections in 1976. The local government reforms excluded traditional rulers from certain governance issues and limited their control over property rights. The reforms also granted recognition to local government as a third tier arm of government.[12]

In 1979, the regime transferred power to the civilian elected government of Shehu Shagari ushering in the Second Nigerian Republic which lasted from 1979 to 1983. The triumvirate later retired from the military.[citation needed]

Political career

General Ibrahim Babangida started his political transition program in 1987 with the establishment of a Political Bureau, and a Constituent Assembly was later inaugurated to deliberate on a proposed draft constitution. Though Yar'Adua was not a member of the assembly and a law had proscribed certain old breed politicians from political activities, his associates represented his political leanings at the forum and was active in the formation of political associations during the transitional period.[13]

Yar'Adua and his group formed the People's Front of Nigeria; Members included

The People's Front later merged with other groups to form the Social Democratic Party (SDP). The People's Front and PSP, became the two dominant factions within SDP. However, Yar'Adua's group was very organized and able to win the majority of the elective posts within SDP.[15] During the Governorship and House of Assembly elections, SDP had a slight numerical edge over the opposition National Republican Convention (NRC).[16]

In January 1992, Yar'Adua spent a short stint in detention, jailed for contravening a law banning certain persons from active politics. However, the law was repealed and Yar'Adua subsequently announced his presidential election. His campaign political structure covered the country; he had a national campaign directorate, and each state had its own campaign coordinator and ward mobilizers. Members of his campaign group included former

M.K.O. Abiola. After the June 12 elections were annulled, the Yar'Adua faction negotiated an arrangement for the inauguration of an interim government. In November 1993, the interim government of Ernest Shonekan was booted out and Sani Abacha became the new military Head of State, disbanding the political parties.[citation needed
]

In 1994, Yar'Adua won a seat representing

Nigerian Union of Journalist office in Lagos that earned the attention of the military leadership who detained him for four days.[citation needed
]

Arrest and death

Shehu Musa Yar'Adua Centre in Abuja

In March 1995, General Yar'Adua alongside Olusegun Obasanjo, Lawan Gwadabe and others were arrested on allegations of plotting a coup to overthrow the General Sani Abacha regime. He was sentenced to death by a military tribunal in 1995, after calling on the Nigerian military government of General Sani Abacha and his Provisional Ruling Council to re-establish civilian rule. The sentence was commuted to life in prison but he died in captivity on 8 December 1997.[17]

Personal life

In 1965, Shehu Yar'adua married Hajia Binta and they have five children, including Murtala Yar'Adua, former Nigerian Minister of State for Defence.[18]

Wealth

After retiring from the military, Yar'Adua established a holding company called Hamada Holdings with several business interests in shipping, banking, publishing allowing him to amass a vast private fortune.[citation needed]

References

  1. .
  2. ^ Biography, Yaradua Center, archived from the original on 19 July 2015, retrieved 1 August 2015
  3. ^ "UPDATE: I graduated alongside Yar'Adua, had Grade II –Buhari". The Punch. January 2015. Archived from the original on 27 June 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
  4. ^ Farris, J. W, & Bomoi, M. (2004). Shehu Musa Yar'Adua: a life of service. Abuja, Nigeria: Shehu Musa Yar'Adua Foundation. p27
  5. .
  6. ^ "Cheta Nwanze: Chronology of the Nigerian Civil War #Biafra". June 2014.
  7. ^ Siollun, p. 176-180.
  8. ^ Farris, p. 102-103.
  9. ^ Toyin Falola; Ann Genova (2009). Historical Dictionary of Nigeria. Scarecrow Press. p. 371. yar'adua operation feed the nation.
  10. .
  11. ^ E.O. Arua. "Achieving food sufficiency in Nigeria through the operation 'feed the nation' programme". Agricultural Administration Volume 9, Issue 2, February 1982, Pages 91–101
  12. .
  13. ^ Larry Diamond, 1997, p. 173
  14. ^ Larry Diamond, 1997, p. 173
  15. ^ Marcus G. Ajibade. Shehu Musa Yar'adua: The Recurring Decimal in Contemporary Politics, p8. 1999
  16. ^ Larry Diamond; Anthony Kirk-Greene (1997). Transition without End: Nigerian Politics and Civil Society under Babangida. Lynne Rienner. pp. 235–237.
  17. ^ "Abacha Coup: How Obasanjo, Yar'Adua were framed -- Farida Waziri". 10 February 2020. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  18. ^ "Mallam Murtala Yar'Adua". yaraduafoundation.org. Retrieved 30 October 2020.

Further reading

External links