Shilahara
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Shilahara Kingdom | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
8th century CE–13th century CE | |||||||||
Capital | Thane | ||||||||
Common languages | Kannada,[3][4]Sanskrit, Marathi[5][6] | ||||||||
Religion | Hinduism Jainism | ||||||||
Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
History | |||||||||
• Established | 8th century CE | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 13th century CE | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Today part of | India |
The Shilahara/Shelara Kingdom (
Shilahara Kingdom were split into three branches:
- First branch ruled North Konkan
- Second branch ruled South Konkan (between 765 and 1029 CE)
- Third branch ruled in modern districts of
Origins
The dynasty originally began as vassals of the
The dynasty bore the title of Tagara-puradhishvara, which indicates that they originally hailed from Tagara (modern Ter in the
Around 1343 the island of
All the branches of this family traced their descent from the legendary Vidyadhara prince Jimutavahana, who sacrificed himself to rescue a Naga prince from the clutches of Garuda. The family-name Shilahara (meaning "mountain-peak food" in Sanskrit) is supposed to have been derived from this incident. Even single inscriptions have more than one form of the name; one has the three forms Silara, Shilara and Shrillara.
North Konkan (Thane) branch (c. 800–1265 CE)
After
Rulers
- Kapardin I (800–825 CE)
- Pullashakti (825–850 CE)
- Kapardin II (850–880 CE)
- Vappuvanna (880–910 CE)
- Jhanjha (910–930 CE)
- Goggiraja (930–945 CE)
- Vajjada I (945–965 CE)
- Chhadvaideva (965–975 CE)
- Aparajita (975–1010 CE)
- Vajjada II (1010–1015 CE)
- Arikesarin (1015–1022 CE)
- Chhittaraja (1022–1035 CE)
- Nagarjuna (1035–1045 CE)
- Mummuniraja (1045–1070 CE)
- Ananta Deva I (1070–1127 CE)
- Aparaditya I (1127–1148 CE)
- Haripaladeva (1148–1155 CE)
- Mallikarjuna (1155–1170 CE)
- Aparaditya II ( 1170–1197 CE)
- Ananta Deva II (1198–1200 CE)
- Keshideva II (1200–1245 CE)
- Ananta Deva III (1245–1255 CE)
- Someshvara (1255–1265 CE)
South Konkan branch (c. 765–1020 CE)
This house's history is known through one record, the Kharepatan plates of Rattaraja issued in 1008. Rattaraja was the last ruler of this dynasty. The document is extremely important as it not only gives the genealogy of the ten ancestors of Rattaraja but also mentions their exploits. The founder, Sanaphulla, was vassal of the
Sana-phulla's son Dhammayira is known to have built a fort at Vallipattana on the Western Coast. Aiyaparaja secured victory at Chandrapuri (Chandor) in Goa. The reign of Avasara I proved to be uneventful. His son Adityavarman, who is described as brilliant as the Sun in valour, offered help to the kings of Chandrapuri and Chemulya (modern Chaul), 30 miles to the south of Bombay, so the influence of the Shilaharas had spread over the whole of Konkan. At this time Laghu Kapardi, the ruler of the Thane branch, was just a boy and the help given to the ruler of Chaul must have been at his expense. Avasara II continued the policy of his father. Indraraja's son Bhima is styled as 'Rahuvadgrasta Chandramandala' because he overthrew the petty ruler of Chandor. At this time the Kadamba ruler Sasthadeva and his son Chaturbhuja were trying to overthrow the Rastrakuta rule. This explains Bhima's opposition to Chandrapuri or Chandor. Avasara III, no doubt, ruled in troubled times, but had no contribution of his to make. Finally, Rattaraja, loyal to the Rastrakutas, was compelled to transfer his allegiance to Taila II.
Soon after the issue of the plates in 1008, the rule of Konkan passed over to the later Chalukyas. (Dept. Gazetteer: Kolaba, 1964, Dept. Gazetteer: 2002)
Rulers
- Sanaphulla (765–795 CE)
- Dhammayira (795–820 CE)
- Aiyaparaja (820–845 CE)
- Avasara I (845–870 CE)
- Adityavarma (870–895 CE)
- Avasara II (895–920 CE)
- Indraraja (920–945 CE)
- Bhima (945–970 CE)
- Avasara III (970–995 CE)
- Rattaraja (995–1020 CE)
Kolhapur branch (c. 940–1212 CE)
The Shilahara family at
The first capital of the Shilaharas was probably at Karad during the reign of Jatiga-II as known from their copper plate grant of Miraj and 'Vikramankadevacharita' of Bilhana.
It seems that Bhoja II, the last ruler of this family, was overthrown and dispossessed by Singhana in or soon after 1219-20 (Saka 1131) as is borne out by one of Singhana's inscriptions dated Saka 1160.[13]
Rulers
- Jatiga I (940–960 CE)
- Naivarman (960–980 CE)
- Chandra (980–1000 CE)
- Jatiga II (1000–1020 CE)
- Gonka (1020–1050 CE)
- Guhala I (1050 CE)
- Kirtiraja (1050 CE)
- Chandraditya (1050 CE)
- Marsimha (1050–1075 CE)
- Guhala II (1075–1085 CE)
- Bhoja I (1085–1100 CE)
- Ballala (1100–1108 CE)
- Gonka II (1108 CE)
- Gandaraditya I (1108–1138 CE)
- Vijayaditya I (1138–1175 CE)
- Bhoja II (1175–1212 CE), last ruler of dynasty
Monuments
A number of ancient monuments in Mumbai and Kolhapur district pay tribute to this dynasty's prowess:
- The Walkeshwar Temple and the Banganga Tank were built during the reign of Chittaraja, a king of this dynasty.[14]
- The Shiv Mandir, Ambarnath, also near Mumbai, was also built by Chittaraja in 1030
- Kopineshwar Mandir, a Shiva temple in Thane.[15]
- Roopanarayan tirthankar consisting 2 Old Kannada stone inscriptions of king Bhoja and King Gandaraditya. (10 C.AD) -Mahadwar road, kolhapur.
- Jain temple of Kolhapur Shilaharas at Ibrahimpur and Bhogoli in Chandgadtaluka.
- Jain temple of Kolhapur Shilaharas at Ainapur in Gadhinglajtaluka.
- Jain temple of Kolhapur Shilaharas at Baamni and Sangaon in Kagaltaluka.
- Idol of Jain tirthankar found in excavation of Hupari in Hatkanangaletaluka has Kannada inscriptions Kolhapur Shilaharas.
- 11th century A.D. 1st tirthankar Jain temple at Pattankodoli in Hatkanangaletaluka of Kolhapur Shilaharas has Kannada inscription stating the reign of king Gandaraditya.
- Jain tirthankar temple at Herlenear Kolhapur with Kannada inscriptions of Shilaharas.
- 22nd Neminath temple at Khidrapurof king Gandaraditya era of Kolhapur shilaharas.
See also
References
- ISBN 978-81-241-1064-5.
- ISBN 0226742210.
- ^ Kannada Inscriptions From Maharashtra (PDF).
- ^ The Shilaharas were Kannadigas as established in their inscriptions (Govind Pai, 1993, p. 99)
- ISBN 0195099842.
- ^ V. V. Mirashi, ed. (1977). "Texts and Translations". Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol.6 (inscriptions Of The Silaharas). Archaeological Survey of India, Delhi.
- ISBN 9788121506397.
Linguistically, 32 out of a total of 45 records of the two branches of Konkan area are in Sanskrit and the rest are sprinkled mostly with Marathi
- ^ "Nasik History - Ancient Period". State Government of Maharashtra. Archived from the original on 29 April 2005. Retrieved 14 October 2006.
- ^ Mirashi 1977, pp. xi–xiii.
- ^ a b Dept. Gazetteer 2002.
- ^ a b Mirashi 1977, p. xiii.
- ^ Bhandarkar 1957; Fleet 1896.
- ^ Fleet 1896.
- ^ Banganga, Walkeshwar history
- ^ "प्राचीन श्रीस्थानक ते आधुनिक ठाणे शहर" (in Marathi). Thane Municipal Corporation. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
Bibliography
- Neerkaje Thirumaleshwara Bhat, M. Thirumaleshwara Bhat (1993). Govind Pai. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN 978-81-720-1540-4.
- Dr. Nalini Avinash Waghmare (2018). KANNADA INSCRIPTION FROM MAHARASHTRA (PDF).
- Bhandarkar, R.G. (1957). Early History of Deccan. Calcutta: Sushil Gupta (I) Pvt Ltd.
- Fleet, J.F. (1896). The Dynasties of the Kanarese District of The Bombay Presidency.. Written for The Bombay Gazetteer.
- Department of Gazetteer, Govt of Maharashtra (2002): Itihaas : Prachin Kal, Khand -1 (Marathi)
- Department of Gazetteer, Govt of Maharashtra (1960): Kolhapur District Gazetteer
- Department of Gazetteer, Govt of Maharashtra (1964): Kolaba District Gazetteer
- Department of Gazetteer, Govt of Maharashtra (1982): Thane District Gazetteer
- Altekar, A.S. (1936). The Śilāhāras of Western India.
- Mirashi, V. V., ed. (1977). Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum. Vol. VI: Inscriptions of the Śilāhāras. Archaeological Survey of India. OCLC 5240794.