Shimonoseki
Shimonoseki
下関市 | |
---|---|
Sakura |
Shimonoseki (
Geography
Shimonoseki is located at the westernmost point of Yamaguchi Prefecture and the westernmost point of Honshu. It borders the Sea of Japan to the west and the Seto Inland Sea to the south across the Kanmon Straits. It is long in the north-south direction and has a fan shape that opens to the Seto Inland Sea. The Asa River flows from the north to the central area, and the Ariho River flows from the northeast to the east, flowing south into the Seto Inland Sea. The city hall is located on the west bank of the Ariho River mouth.
Neighbouring municipalities
Yamaguchi Prefecture
Climate
Shimonoseki has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) with hot summers and cool winters. Precipitation is significant throughout the year, but is heavier in summer.
Climate data for Shimonoseki (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1883−present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 19.1 (66.4) |
23.7 (74.7) |
26.2 (79.2) |
29.7 (85.5) |
30.9 (87.6) |
33.7 (92.7) |
36.2 (97.2) |
37.0 (98.6) |
35.0 (95.0) |
30.6 (87.1) |
26.9 (80.4) |
26.2 (79.2) |
37.0 (98.6) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.7 (49.5) |
10.5 (50.9) |
13.7 (56.7) |
18.4 (65.1) |
22.7 (72.9) |
25.8 (78.4) |
29.7 (85.5) |
31.3 (88.3) |
27.8 (82.0) |
23.0 (73.4) |
17.5 (63.5) |
12.3 (54.1) |
20.2 (68.4) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 7.2 (45.0) |
7.5 (45.5) |
10.3 (50.5) |
14.7 (58.5) |
19.1 (66.4) |
22.5 (72.5) |
26.5 (79.7) |
27.9 (82.2) |
24.6 (76.3) |
19.7 (67.5) |
14.5 (58.1) |
9.5 (49.1) |
17.0 (62.6) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 4.8 (40.6) |
4.9 (40.8) |
7.4 (45.3) |
11.6 (52.9) |
16.2 (61.2) |
20.1 (68.2) |
24.2 (75.6) |
25.6 (78.1) |
22.2 (72.0) |
16.9 (62.4) |
11.8 (53.2) |
7.0 (44.6) |
14.4 (57.9) |
Record low °C (°F) | −6.3 (20.7) |
−6.5 (20.3) |
−5.5 (22.1) |
0.5 (32.9) |
6.5 (43.7) |
9.5 (49.1) |
15.1 (59.2) |
17.5 (63.5) |
12.8 (55.0) |
5.9 (42.6) |
0.7 (33.3) |
−4.6 (23.7) |
−6.5 (20.3) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 80.0 (3.15) |
75.9 (2.99) |
121.2 (4.77) |
130.8 (5.15) |
154.2 (6.07) |
253.6 (9.98) |
309.4 (12.18) |
190.0 (7.48) |
162.6 (6.40) |
83.7 (3.30) |
81.9 (3.22) |
69.1 (2.72) |
1,712.3 (67.41) |
Average snowfall cm (inches) | 1 (0.4) |
1 (0.4) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
2 (0.8) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 9.3 | 9.1 | 10.1 | 9.6 | 8.7 | 11.3 | 10.7 | 9.1 | 8.5 | 6.1 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 109.5 |
Average snowy days (≥ 1 cm) | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
63 | 63 | 65 | 67 | 70 | 78 | 79 | 75 | 73 | 67 | 66 | 63 | 69 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 95.8 | 116.1 | 162.9 | 187.6 | 207.1 | 146.6 | 172.4 | 207.2 | 161.9 | 176.3 | 134.7 | 102.6 | 1,875.9 |
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[2][3] |
Climate data for Toyota, Shimonoseki (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1977−present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 16.7 (62.1) |
21.8 (71.2) |
25.1 (77.2) |
28.4 (83.1) |
31.4 (88.5) |
32.2 (90.0) |
35.7 (96.3) |
36.2 (97.2) |
33.9 (93.0) |
30.7 (87.3) |
26.0 (78.8) |
23.2 (73.8) |
36.2 (97.2) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.7 (47.7) |
9.8 (49.6) |
13.4 (56.1) |
18.6 (65.5) |
23.1 (73.6) |
25.9 (78.6) |
29.3 (84.7) |
30.7 (87.3) |
27.2 (81.0) |
22.3 (72.1) |
16.7 (62.1) |
11.2 (52.2) |
19.7 (67.5) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.6 (38.5) |
4.4 (39.9) |
7.5 (45.5) |
12.4 (54.3) |
17.3 (63.1) |
21.2 (70.2) |
25.1 (77.2) |
25.9 (78.6) |
22.0 (71.6) |
16.1 (61.0) |
10.4 (50.7) |
5.4 (41.7) |
14.3 (57.7) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.1 (30.0) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
1.7 (35.1) |
6.1 (43.0) |
11.4 (52.5) |
17.0 (62.6) |
21.6 (70.9) |
22.1 (71.8) |
17.8 (64.0) |
10.8 (51.4) |
5.0 (41.0) |
0.5 (32.9) |
9.3 (48.8) |
Record low °C (°F) | −7.9 (17.8) |
−9.1 (15.6) |
−6.2 (20.8) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
0.0 (32.0) |
5.5 (41.9) |
12.0 (53.6) |
14.3 (57.7) |
4.6 (40.3) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
−6.3 (20.7) |
−9.1 (15.6) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 90.8 (3.57) |
88.3 (3.48) |
140.5 (5.53) |
151.4 (5.96) |
183.7 (7.23) |
272.5 (10.73) |
342.8 (13.50) |
201.2 (7.92) |
167.8 (6.61) |
93.3 (3.67) |
88.2 (3.47) |
83.1 (3.27) |
1,899.1 (74.77) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 11.3 | 10.7 | 11.6 | 10.0 | 9.5 | 12.4 | 11.6 | 9.9 | 9.5 | 7.7 | 9.3 | 11.1 | 124.6 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 99.8 | 107.6 | 156.1 | 182.9 | 206.1 | 137.0 | 152.6 | 189.8 | 151.6 | 169.5 | 134.5 | 103.9 | 1,791.3 |
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[4][5] |
Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Shimonoseki in 2020 is 255,051 people.[6] Shimonoseki has been conducting censuses since 1920.
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1920 | 192,840 | — |
1925 | 213,109 | +10.5% |
1930 | 222,702 | +4.5% |
1935 | 237,248 | +6.5% |
1940 | 261,549 | +10.2% |
1945 | 261,982 | +0.2% |
1950 | 280,949 | +7.2% |
1955 | 308,799 | +9.9% |
1960 | 317,029 | +2.7% |
1965 | 317,146 | +0.0% |
1970 | 315,603 | −0.5% |
1975 | 322,300 | +2.1% |
1980 | 325,478 | +1.0% |
1985 | 324,585 | −0.3% |
1990 | 315,643 | −2.8% |
1995 | 310,717 | −1.6% |
2000 | 301,097 | −3.1% |
2005 | 290,693 | −3.5% |
2010 | 280,987 | −3.3% |
2015 | 268,517 | −4.4% |
2020 | 255,051 | −5.0% |
Shimonoseki population statistics[6] |
History
Shimonoseki is part of ancient
Akamagaseki city was established on April 1, 1889 with the creation of the modern municipalities system. The city was renamed Shimonoseki on June 1, 1902.
On February 13, 2005, Shimonoseki absorbed the towns of Hōhoku, Kikugawa, Toyota and Toyoura (all from Toyoura District) to create the new and expanded city of Shimonseki. Since October 1, 2005, the city has been designated as a core city by the Japanese government with increased local autonomy.[citation needed]
Government
Shimonoseki has a
Economy
Having prospered as a port city, Shimonoseki has long had a thriving industry related to shipping, trade, and finance. It is still the center of the prefecture in terms of economy.
Education
Universities and colleges
- National Fisheries University
- Shimonoseki City University
- University of East Asia
- Baiko Gakuin University
- Shimonoseki Junior College
Primary and secondary schools
Shimonoseki has 41 public elementary school and 21 public junior high schools and one public high school operated by the city government. The city has nine public high schools operated by the Yamaguchi Prefectural Board of Education. There are also one private junior high school and five private high schools. The prefecture also operates four special education schools for the handicapped.
The city has a
Transportation
Railway
JR West (JR West) - San'yō Main Line
- Ozuki - Chōfu - Shin-Shimonoseki - Hatabu - Shimonoseki
JR West (JR West) - San'in Main Line
- Nagato-Awano - Agawa - Kottoi - Takibe - Nagato-Futami - Ukahongō - Yutama - Kogushi - Kawatana-Onsen - Kuroimura - Umegatō - Yoshimi - Fukue - Yasuoka - Kajikuri-Gōdaichi - Ayaragi - Hatabu - Shimonoseki
Highways
- Chugoku Expressway
- National Route 2
- National Route 9
- National Route 191
- National Route 435
- National Route 491
Ferries from Shimonoseki Port International Terminal
- The Kanpu ferry to Busan, South Korea regularly.
- The Gwangyang Beech to Gwangyang, South Korea regularly.
- The Orient ferry to Shanghai, China regularly.
- The Orient ferry to Qingdao, China was suspended in November 2015.[11]
Twin towns – sister cities
Shimonoseki is twinned with:[12]
Local attractions
Festivals
Shimonoseki is home to many festivals, held throughout the year. Of these, the most famous are the Shimonoseki Kaikyo Festival and Shimonoseki Bakan Festival.
- Shimonoseki Fugu Festival (February): Haedomari Market
- Kawatana Onsen Festival (April)
- Shimonoseki Kaikyo Festival (May): Ganryujima Island
- Suhouteisai Festival (August): Castle town Chofu
- Kanmon Kaikyo Fireworks Festival (August): Karato(Aruka Port area)
- Shimonoseki Bakan Festival (August): Along the street from Karato-cho to Shimonoseki Station
- TOUR de Shimonoseki (October/November)
- Shimonoseki Kaikyo Marathon (November)
- Shimonoseki Fish Festival (November): Shimonoseki Fishing Port
- Little Busan Fest (November): Green Mall
Architecture
- National Treasure of Japan.
- Akama Shrine
- Kaikyō Yume Tower
Museums
- Shimonoseki City Art Museum
- Shimonoseki City Museum of History
- Shimonoseki City Archaeological Museum
- Shimonoseki Marine Science Museum (Shimonoseki City Aquarium) (Kaikyo Kan)
- Doigahama Site Anthropological Museum
- The Firefly Museum of Toyota Town
- The Yamagin Archive (やまぎん史料館) of the Yamaguchi Bank
Parks and monuments
- The Genpei war between the feudal Taira clan and Minamoto clan(1180–1185). There is a historical monument with cannons.
Sports
Professional Teams
Sporting venues
- Shimonoseki Baseball Stadium
- Shimonoseki Boat Race Stadium (Shimonoseki Kyōtei)
- Shimonoseki City Gymnasium
- Shimonoseki Track and field stadium
- Shimonoseki city swimming pool
- Nogihama General Park (Football stadium)
Crime and safety
The Goda-ikka yakuza syndicate is headquartered in Shimonoseki. A designated yakuza group, the Goda-ikka is the largest yakuza syndicate in Yamaguchi Prefecture.[13]
Notable people from Shimonoseki
- Kinuyo Tanaka, actress
- Yūsaku Matsuda
- Atsushi Tamura (Comedian, actor and singer)
- Arata Izumi (Indian footballer)
- producer)
References
- ^ "Shimonoseki City official statistics" (in Japanese). Japan.
- ^ 観測史上1~10位の値(年間を通じての値). JMA. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
- ^ 気象庁 / 平年値(年・月ごとの値). JMA. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
- ^ 気象庁 / 平年値(年・月ごとの値). JMA. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
- ^ 観測史上1~10位の値(年間を通じての値). JMA. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
- ^ a b Shimonoseki population statistics
- ^ Kaempfer, Engelbert (1729). Histoire naturelle, civile et ecclésiastique de l'Empire du Japon. Tome 2 (translated by François Naudé) (in French). The Hague. p. 176.
- ^ US Department of State. (1906). A digest of international law as embodied in diplomatic discussions, treaties and other international agreements (John Bassett Moore, ed.), Vol. 5, p. 759.
- ^ ウリハッキョ一覧. Chongryon. Archived from the original on December 19, 2015. Retrieved October 14, 2015.().
- ^ ウリハッキョ一覧. Chongryon. November 6, 2005. Archived from the original on November 6, 2005. Retrieved October 15, 2015.
- ^ "European Inbound tour operator - OsaTravel" オリエントフェリー運航一時休止について(お知らせ) (PDF). Archived from the original on 2016-02-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "姉妹友好都市". city.shimonoseki.lg.jp (in Japanese). Shimonoseki. Archived from the original on 2020-02-19. Retrieved 2020-04-08.
- ^ "The 7th President announces the succession, The Goda-ikka, The Prefectural Police on red alert" Archived 2011-10-08 at the Wayback Machine, 21 October 2009, Yamaguchi Shimbun (in Japanese)
External links
- Shimonoseki City official website (in Japanese)
- Shimonoseki City official website in other languages
- Shimonoseki travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Geographic data related to Shimonoseki at OpenStreetMap
- The American Cyclopædia. 1879.
.
- Shimonoseki City Tourism Promotion Film Shimonoseki City Official Channel