Gaudapadacharya Math

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Śrī Sansthāna Gauḍapadācārya Maṭha

Gauḍapāda, the grand guru of Adi Shankara and the first historical exponent of Advaita Vedanta,[1] also believed to be the founder of Śrī Sansthāna Gauḍapadācārya Maṭha.

Present 77th Peetadipathi: Shrimat Shivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya.

Formation About 740 AD
Founder Gauḍapāda
Religion Hinduism
Philosophy Advaita Vedanta
Followers
Goud Saraswat Brahmin
.
Main Math
Ponda, Goa
.
Website http://www.shrikavalemath.org.in/

Shri Gaudapadacharya Math (

Rajapur Saraswat Brahmin are its main disciples.[5]

History

Śrī Sansthāna Gauḍapadācārya Maṭha was founded in 740 AD

Govinda Bhagavatpada
, who in turn was Gaudapada's disciple. There is also belief among people that the matha was established by Gaudapada.

During the Portuguese rule in Goa in 15th and 16th century, Hindus were forcibly converted to Christianity,[7][8] and many Hindu temples and mathas were destroyed.[9] In 1564,[9] the Gaudapadacharya matha at Keloshi was destroyed by the Portuguese. Challenged by the Portuguese atrocities, to safeguard the tradition, legacy of the matha and the Sanatan Dharma, 57th guru Shrimat Purnananda Saraswati Swami Gowdapadacharya had to leave Goa and find shelter at the Golvan matha ashram. 58th Guru Shrimat Sahajananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya and 59th Guru Shrimat Vidyananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya also stayed at the Golvan matha. 60th Guru Shrimat Ramananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya stayed in Chinder matha. 61st Guru Shrimat Sadananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya left for Varanasi along with his disciple the 62nd Guru Shrimat Bhavananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya, as the hostile situation in Goa did not improve for Hindus.

Later as the peace returned to Goa, Shri Vittal Shyama Sharma Shenavi Ranganekar of Kaundinya

deeksha
to Ranganekar and made him his disciple and renamed him Shrimat Sachidananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya.

After giving diksha, Shri Bhavananda Saraswati ordered Shri Sachidananda Saraswati to return to Goa and perform the duties of dharma guru of Saraswats according to the Śrī Sansthāna Gauḍapadācārya Maṭha's tradition. In his journey, on the way to Goa Shri Sachidananda Saraswati Swamiji was felicitated and assisted to make his journey comfortable by the kings and general public. Mean time news of Ranganekar taking sannyasa diksha spread among Saraswat Brahmins in Goa, but some people refused to believe that as truth which led to division of Saraswat Brahmins into 2 groups.

There was couple of reasons why people refused to believe because as per the tradition, only a

Grihastha
and the sannyasa diksa was not performed in presence of the disciples from Goa. So some people believed that Ranganekar is trying to enjoy the special status and power of being Peetadipathi and thereby own the property of the matha. Moreover, Shrimat Sachidananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya was not carrying any documents signed by Shri Bhavananda Saraswati authenticating his new status.

All these developments forced Shrimat Sachidananda Saraswati swami Gauḍapādāchārya to return to Varanasi in mid-way and appraised Shrimat Bhavananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya about the situation. Then Shrimat Bhavananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya invited the religious leaders of Varanasi to a gathering at Mukthi Mantap to discuss the matter and wrote a letter stating that Shri Sachidananda Saraswati swamij Gauḍapādāchārya was indeed his disciple and Uttaradhikari of Shri Saunstan Gauḍapādāchārya matha in Goa and he would be the spiritual guru of Saraswat Brahmins of Gomantak region and which was signed along with other religious leaders gathered there and handed over to Shrimat Sachidananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya.

Shrimat Sachidananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya then decided to stay few more days with his guru Shrimat Bhavananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya in Varanasi and later returns to Goa where a grand welcome awaited him and he stayed in Sonavade Matha in Ratnagiri.

As peace prevailed in Goa region, in 1630 new Matha building was built in

Peetadhipathi
to stay in this matha and it was made the headquarters of the Shri Saunstan Gauḍapādāchārya Matha.

Other Saraswat mathas

Smartha Saraswats who flourished on the banks of the River Saraswati in the Himalayan region, north of Kurukshetra were forced to migrate southward initially because of the drying up of the sacred river and subsequently due to the repeated assaults made by Muslim invaders. The elders of this group of Smartha Saraswats offered penance at the banks of the Kotiteerth in Gokarna and were blessed with a Guru - Pujya Parijnanashram I and founded the Shri Chitrapur Math in 1708.[10]

Since the matha was established, all Dakshinatya or southern Saraswat Brahmins were the disciples of this matha and all Saraswat Brahmins were followers of

Dvaita philosophy and promoted Bhakti movement centred around god Krishna which gave fillip to Vaishnava sect and a large section of Saraswat Brahmins converted to Vaishnavism.[11] Later in 1476 A.D. Gokarna Math and in 1542 A.D. Kashi Math
was founded under Vaishnava sampradaya and those Saraswat Brahmin converts to Vaishnavism started following these new mathas.

Shree Gaudapadacharya

Further information: Gaudapada
Decorated murti of Bhagvan Shri Bhavani Shankar along with Vishnu, Devi, Surya and Ganesha at Shri Saunstan Gauḍapādāchārya matha, Kavale, Goa

In Kali Yuga Sri Gaudapadcharya is the first preceptor to imbibe the Vedanta Wisdom and imparted it to his disciples, thus he is the first historical exponent of

Govinda Bhagavatpadacharya (the guru of Adi Shankaracharya
), thus he is the Parama Guru (Grand Guru) of Adi Shankaracharya.

Gauḍapādāchārya authored Ma-n.d.ukya Ka-rika- which is known by several names such as Gaud.apa-da Ka-rika-, Mandookya Vartika, Mandukopanishad Gaudapada Vakyan, Aagama Granth, Upadesha Granth and also by the name

maya) of the world and the reality of the Parabhrahman.[17]

Gaudapadcharya wrote commentary on Sāṁkhya Kārikā of Iśvarakṛṣṇa (3rd century), and his other works included Anurgeeta-bhasya, Uttargeeta-bhasya, Chidananda Kelivilas.[18]

Adi Shankaracharya at the end of his famous commentary to the Gaud.apa-da Ka-rika- addresses the following salutation to Gauḍapādāchārya as his 'Parama Guru' (grand teacher) and compliments him for recovering Advaita Vedanta from Vedas. That verse in Sanskrit goes like this:[14]

Prajnā-vaishākha-vaighashrubhit-Jalanidhe-vaidn-āmnontarastam |
Bhutānyālokya magnānya-virat-janan-agrahdhore samudre |
Karuna-yadudhrdh-dharamrat-amidam-marairdhurlabham bhuthetoho |
Yastam poojyābhipujyam paramaguru-mamun pādpatairnimāmi ||

In English it means: 'I prostrate before the Master of my Master (ParamaGuru), the most venerable among the venerable who, seeing the beings immersed in the ocean of this world, ocean infested by frightening sharks such as birth and death, has given, out of compassion towards all beings, this nectar difficult to drink even by the gods and that is hidden in the depths of the great sea of the Vedas, Vedas that he reveals by the power of his enlightened intellect'.

Though there is not much written details about Gaudapadcharya's past life, according to a legend[19] Gaudapadacharya was born to Shri Vishnudatta and Gunavathi in a devout Saraswat Brahmin family at Bhupalam near Vitta in the present district of Sangli, and his name was Shukadatt.[20][21] He renounced his life at a very younger age and went to the nearby hill forest in quest of spiritual wisdom. There he was instructed by God through Nabhovani (inner voice) to march towards North to fulfill his spiritual wisdom. Dattadeva received the wisdom of Vedanta through the grace of Lord Narayana and the blessings of Shri Vedavyasa at Badrikashrama.

Shri Govinda Bhagavatpadaacharya

Govinda Bhagavatpadacharya (

Viveka Chudamani. Shri Adi Guru Gaudapadacharya was his Guru (Teacher).[23]

In around 780 AD, Adi Guru

Shri Govinda Bhagavatpadacharya
conveyed it to his Guru Shri Gauḍapādāchārya.

Advaita philosophy. Shri Shankarachaya stays with his Guru for some more years and mastered the Vedanta
.

deeksha
to another vatu and named him Shri Vivaranananda, who returned to head Shri Gauḍapādāchārya matha at Keloshi in Goa.

Deities

Smarta tradition of Panchayatana
(five deity) puja system.

Birudāvali or Title

Vivaranananda Swami founded the matha's tradition that the name of every Swami of the line should carry the suffix 'Ananda', honorific 'Saraswati', designation 'Swami' and the name of his grand guru Gaudapadacharya as the matha is also named after him. Similar to how a King is addressed when he enters the royal court with his Birudāvali (Title), Mathadhipatis of the matha are also addressed in Sanskrit. The Birudāvali of Shree Swami goes like this.

Shrmat-paramhans-parivrājak-āchārya-pādvākya-pramān-parāwar-parin yam-niyam-āsan-prānāyām-pratyāhar-dhyān-dhārana-samādhya-ashtānga yog-anushtān-nagarishtha-nishthān-ādi-guru-paramparā-prapt nigam-āgam-sār shruti-mārg-prakāshak sarva-tantra swatantra shrimajjmad-agni-tanuj tapah-swadhyāyā-adyārtha vinirmit shuparik mahākshetra gomant-achal gomati-tir-sannihit kushasthali-nagar mahāmuth-ādi-pratistāpana-āchārya sakal-sur-mukut-mani-neerājit divya-shri-bhavāni-shankar-pād-aravind-arādhar shreemat-atmānanda-saraswati-kar-kamal-sanjāt shreemat-poornānanda-saraswati-anugrahit shreemat-satchitānand-saraswati shree-padai ||

The name of Shree Swami and his guru and grand guru mentioned in above Birudāvali will change depending on the Swami addressed.

Guru Parampara

Shrimad Shivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya, Present Peetadipathi of Shri Saunstan Gauḍapādāchārya matha performing daily Puja to Shri Bhavani Shankar
Shrimad Shivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya, Present Peetadipathi of Shri Saunstan Gauḍapādāchārya matha, Kavale, Goa
Shivaikya Shrimad Sachidananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya, 76th Peetadipathi of Shri Saunstan Gauḍapādāchārya matha, Kavale, Goa

The following well-known 'Parampara-stotra' among

Smarthas in Sanskrit has the list of early Advaita teachers in their order and that is recited at the beginning of the study of Commentaries,[4][26][27]

shaktiæ ca tatputraæ Parāsharam
ca |
Govindam
Yogindram athasya shishyam |
Shri Shankarāchārya mathasya Padmapādam ca hastamalakam ca shishyam |
Tam trotakam vartika karamanyan asmad guru-nsantat-amanato ’smi ||

It means: 'To Narayana, to the lotus-born Brahma, to

Shakti Maharshi
and to his son Parashara, to Vyasa, to Shuka, to great Gaudapada, to Govinda-Yogindra and to his disciple Sri Shankaracarya, then to his disciples Padmapada, Hastamalaka, Totraka and Vartikakara [Suresvara], to these our Masters we pay our respectful obeisance now and forever'.

From this verse we can understand that, first teacher being

Sanyasins and known as 'Manava-Guru-Shishya-parampara'.[14]

To bifurcate Acharyas according to the Yuga:[28]

A) In Satya or Krata Yuga

1) Lord Narayana and 2) Lord Brahma.

B) In Treta Yuga

1)
Shakti Maharishi and 3) Parashara Maharishi
.

C) In Dvapara Yuga

1) Veda Vyasa and 2) Sri Shuka Acharya

D) In Kali Yuga

1) Acharyas start with Sri Gaudapada Acharya.

Divine Group

Source:[23]

Semi-Divine Group

Source:[23]

Vamsarsi-parampara

Manava Guru-Sampradaya

Gaudapadacharyas

The Shri Gaudapadacharya matha follows a '

Math decides upon a worthy disciple, initiates him as a sannyāsin
, and appoints him as the head.

The available details of Guru-Shishya parampara of Shri Saunstan Gaudapadacharya matha is as given below.[29][30]

  • 1. Shri Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 2.
    Shri Govinda Bhagavatpadacharya
  • 3. Shrimat Vivarananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya & Shri Adi Shankaracharya
  • 4. Shrimat Adinath Paramashivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 5. Shrimat Sadashiva Paramashivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 6. Shrimat Ishwara Paramashivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 7. Shrimat Rudra Pramashivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 8. Shrimat Vishnu Paramashivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 9. Shrimat Brahma Paramashivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 10. Shrimat Sanaka Mahashivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 11. Shrimat Sadananda Mahashivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 12. Shrimat Sanatana Mahashivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 13. Shrimat SanatKumara Mahashivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 14. Shrimat Sarika Sujata Mahashivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 15. Shrimat Rhibhushita Mahashivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 16. Shrimat Dattatreya Mahashivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 17. Shrimat Raivata Mahashivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 18. Shrimat Vamadeva Mahashivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 19. Shrimat Vyasa Mahashivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 20. Shrimat Shuka Mahashivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 21. Shrimat Nrisimha sadashivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 22. Shrimat Mahesha Sadashivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 23. Shrimat Bhaskara Sadashivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 24. Shrimat Mahendra Sadashivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 25. Shrimat Vishnu Sadashivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 26. Shrimat Madhava Sadashivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 27. Shrimat Mahesh Sadashivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 28. Shrimat Advaitha Sadashivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 29. Shrimat Paramatmananda Sadashivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 30. Shrimat Siddayogeshwarananda Sadashivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 31. Shrimat KAivalyananda Sadashivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 32. Shrimat Amritananda Sadashivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 33. Shrimat Hansananda Sadashivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 34. Shrimat Brahmananda Sadashivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 35. Shrimat Vimalananda Sadashivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 36. Shrimat Sachidananda Sadashivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 37. Shrimat Vimalananda Sadashivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 38. Shrimat Ramamnda Sadashvananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 57. Shrimat Poornananda Saraswati Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 58. Shrimat Sahajananda Saraswati Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 59. Shrimat Vidyananda Saraswati Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 60. Shrimat Ramananda Saraswati Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 61. Shrimat Sadananda Saraswati Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 62. Shrimat Bhavananda Saraswati Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 63. Shrimat Sachidananda Saraswati Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 64. Shrimat Shivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya & Shrimat Atmananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 65. Shrimat Ramananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 66. Shrimat Jyotirananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya, Shrimat Lilananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya, Shrimat Sadananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya & Shrimat Poornanada Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 67. Shrimat Ramananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 68. Shrimat Shivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 69. Shrimat Atmananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 70. Shrimat Poornananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 71. Shrimat Ramananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 72. Shrimat Shivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 73. Shrimat Atmananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 74. Shrimat Poornananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 75. Shrimat Ramananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 76. Shrimat Sachidananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya
  • 77. Shrimat Shivananda Saraswati Swami Gauḍapādāchārya [Present Pontiff]
  • There are no records available about the swamiji's from serial number 39 to 56. The records were destroyed by the Portuguese government during their rule in Goa.

Branches (Ashrams)

Headquarters of Shri Gauḍapādāchārya matha Building at Kavale, Ponda, Goa.
Headquarters of Shri Gauḍapādāchārya matha Building at Belgaum, Karnataka.
Shri Gauḍapādāchārya matha branch at Chinchewada, Sadashivgad, Maharashtra.
Shri Gauḍapādāchārya matha branch at Gokarna, Karnataka.
Shri Gauḍapādāchārya matha branch at Ankola, Karnataka.
Shri Gauḍapādāchārya matha branch at Halage, Karvar, Karnataka.

The Kavale matha has following branches/Ashramas.[31]

Branch mathas having Temples within their Precincts

The following branches of Shri Gauḍapādāchārya Matha have temple within their precincts.

  1. Shrē Vithal Rakhumai temple at Kavale Matha.
  2. Shrē Uma Maheshwar temple at Khanapur Matha.
  3. Shrē Mahakali and Muralidhar Gopalakrishna temple at Walkeshwar Matha, Mumbai.
  4. Shrē Bhavanishankar temple
    Sindhudurg
    .
  5. Shrē Sita Ramachandra temple at Brahmavart Matha, U.P.
  6. Shrē Bhavanishankar temple at Chindar Matha, Kankavali.
  7. Shrē Venu Gopal at Kashi matha, Varanasi, U.P.
  8. Shrē Vithal Vishveshwar temple at Halage Matha, Sadashivgad.
  9. Shrē Sharadamba temple at Sadashivgad matha.
  10. Shrē Chakravarti Shivaling at Gokarna Matha, North Canara, Karnataka.
  11. Shrē Shree Datta Mandir at Ankola Matha.

Other Saraswath mathas

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "GAUDAPADA". members.upnaway.com. Archived from the original on 28 March 2014. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  2. ^ Shri Gowdapadacharya & Shri Kavale Math (A Commemoration volume). p. 10.
  3. ^ "The Official Website of Kavale Math..." shrikavalemath.org.in. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  4. ^ a b http://www.vidya-ashramvidyaorder.org/index.V.html | Under Page: Biographical Notes About Sankara And Gaudapada
  5. ^ "About Kavale matha". Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 5 February 2010.
  6. ^ "Chronology of Events relating to Konkanis and Saraswats". gsbkerala.com. Archived from the original on 24 October 2014. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  7. ^ "History of Goa". mapsofindia.com. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  8. ^ "Saraswat history". Archived from the original on 13 April 2010. Retrieved 13 April 2010. | Section : The Second Exodus (16th century)
  9. ^ a b "Saraswat history". Archived from the original on 13 April 2010. Retrieved 13 April 2010. : Under Section : The founding of Gaudapadacharya or Kavale Mutt
  10. ^ "|| Shri Chitrapur Math ||". chitrapurmath.net. Archived from the original on 13 February 2015. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
  11. ^ "Saraswat history". Archived from the original on 13 April 2010. Retrieved 13 April 2010. under sub section "Conversion to Vaishnavism"
  12. ISBN 9788177557466
    . Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  13. ^ "The Advaita Vedânta Home Page - Gaudapada". advaita-vedanta.org. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  14. ^ a b c http://www.vidya-ashramvidyaorder.org/index.V.html | Under Page: The place of Gaudapada in the Advaita Tradition.
  15. ^ M.Alan Kazlev. "Advaita Vedanta". malankazlev.com. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  16. ISBN 81-208-0365-5
    , p.239
  17. ISBN 81-7505-022-5
    .
  18. ^ Shri Gowdapadacharya & Shri Kavale Math (A Commemoration volume). pp. 43-44.
  19. ^ Rajapura Saraswata Brahmanara Sanskrita Itihasa, Kannada book. Author: Kadtala M. Shrinivasa Hariappa Nayak, Parkala.
  20. ^ Shri Gaudapadacharya Math Guru Parampara
  21. ^ Shri Gowdapadacharya & Shri Kavale Math, page 78.
  22. ^ "kamakoti.org". kamakoti.org. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  23. ^ a b c "Jagadgurus | Sringeri Sharada Peetham". sringeri.net. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  24. ^ a b "kamakoti.org". kamakoti.org. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  25. ^ a b "The Official Website of Kavale Math..." shrikavalemath.org.in. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  26. ^ http://www.advaita-vedanta.org/kramakrishna/unit_1.html |An Introduction to advaita vedanta |publisher = encyclopedia of authentic hinduism
  27. ^ Book: Shri Gowdapadacharya & Shri Kavale Math (A Commemoration volume). P. 38.
  28. ^ Book: Shri Gowdapadacharya & Shri Kavale Math (A Commemoration volume). P. 62.
  29. ^ Book Shree Gowdapadacharya samsthan kaivalyapur mahamuth samagra itihasa
  30. ^ Book Saraswath Sudha, Under Section Kaivalya matha, Authored by Late Shri K.Ramachandra shyama Nayak.
  31. ^ Book: Shri Gowdapadacharya & Shri Kavale Math (A Commemoration volume), Page No 96.

External links

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