Shropshire
Shropshire | |
---|---|
42nd of 48 | |
Density | 143/km2 (370/sq mi) |
Ethnicity | Figures for Shropshire UA:[2] 93.8% White, British 1.9% White, other 1.5% S. Asian 0.9% Mixed 0.6% White, Irish 0.6% Black |
Unitary authorities | |
Councils | Shropshire Council Telford and Wrekin Council |
Districts | |
Districts of Shropshire Unitary | |
Districts |
Shropshire (
The county has an area of 3,487 km2 (1,346 square miles) and a population of 498,073. Telford (155,570), in the east of the county, and Shrewsbury (76,782), in the centre, are the only large towns. Shropshire is otherwise rural, containing market towns such as Oswestry (15,613), Bridgnorth (12,212) and Newport (11,387). For local government purposes the county comprises two unitary authority areas: Shropshire, and Telford and Wrekin.
Shropshire is generally flat in the north and hilly in the south. The
There is evidence of Neolithic and Bronze Age human occupation in Shropshire, including the Shropshire bulla pendant. The hillfort at Old Oswestry dates from the Iron Age, and the remains of the city of Viroconium Cornoviorum date from the Roman period.[8][9] During the Anglo-Saxon era the area was part of Mercia. During the High Middle Ages the county was part of the Welsh Marches, the border region between Wales and England; from 1472 to 1689 Ludlow was the seat of the Council of Wales and the Marches, which administered justice in Wales and Herefordshire, Shropshire, Worcestershire and Gloucestershire.[10] During the English Civil War Shropshire was Royalist, and Charles II fled through the county—famously hiding in an oak tree—after his final defeat at the Battle of Worcester.[11] The area around Coalbrookdale is regarded as one of the birthplaces of the Industrial Revolution and has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[12][13]
History
Prehistory and antiquity
Evidence of Neolithic occupation of a religious form dating back before 2,000 BC, was discovered in 2017 in the grounds of a church, the medieval Church of the Holy Fathers in Sutton, Shrewsbury, making it Britain's oldest place of worship.[14]
The Shropshire bulla ("bulla" is Medieval Latin for "a round seal", Classical Latin for "bubble, blob", plural bullae), also known as the Shropshire sun pendant, is a Late Bronze Age gold pendant found by a metal detectorist in 2018 in Shropshire.[15] At Mitchel's Fold there is a Bronze Age stone circle set in dramatic moorland on Stapeley Hill.[16]
The area was once part of the lands of the
According to tradition, Caracticus made his last stand against the Romans in Shropshire.[18] Ptolemy's 2nd century Geography names one of their towns as being Viroconium Cornoviorum (Wroxeter), which became their capital under Roman rule and one of the largest settlements in Britain.
Middle Ages
Early period
After the Roman occupation of Britain ended in the 5th century, the Shropshire area was in the eastern part of the Welsh Kingdom of Powys; known in Welsh poetry as the Paradise of Powys.
As 'Caer Guricon' it is a possible Shrewsbury was the site of the seat of the Kingdom of Powys in the Early Middle Ages. This would date establishment of the town to the 500s CE under Brochwel Ysgithrog.[19][20] It is believed the area of Shrewsbury was settled in the 5th century by refugees from the nearby Roman City of Viroconium Cornoviorum, most physical evidence dates from the 7th century.[21]
Oswestry saw conflict in the early mediaeval period and is reputed to be the place of death of Oswald of Northumbria in 641 or 642 CE. Oswald was later regarded as a saint, with Bede saying that the spot where he died came to be associated with miracles, and people took dirt from the site, which led to a hole being dug as deep as a man's height.[22]
In later centuries,
In 914,[26][27][a] Æthelflæd, Lady of the Mercians, fortified Shrewsbury, along with two other fortresses, at Scergeat (a currently unknown location) and Weardbyrig,[b] Viking rides from the north traveling south were reaching Bridgnorth at this time (910CE).[29] In the early tenth century, the relics of St Alkmund were translated to Whitchurch, this was also probably the work of Æthelflæd.[30]
There is evidence to show that by the beginning of the 900s, Shrewsbury was home to a
Archaeological excavations at the site of Shrewsbury castle in 2019 have indicated that the castle itself may have been a fortified site in the time of the Saxons.[32]
High medieval period
After the
Many defensive castles were built at this time across the county to defend against the Welsh and enable effective control of the region, including Ludlow Castle[34] and Shrewsbury Castle.[35]
The western frontier with Wales was not finally determined until the 14th century. Also in this period, a number of religious foundations were formed, the county largely falling at this time under the
The county was a central part of the
Modern history
From 1457, King Henry VI created for his son, Prince Edward, a Council to rule Wales and the Marches, Cheshire, and Cornwall, which became the Council of the Marches.[38] Shropshire was governed via this council for several centuries.
According to historian John Davies, at its peak under Sir Henry Sidney and for a period thereafter the Council:
represented a remarkable experiment in regional government. It administered the law cheaply and rapidly; it dealt with up to twenty cases a day and George Owen stated that the 'oppressed poor' flocked to it.[39]
Civil War
During the English Civil War, Shropshire was a Royalist stronghold, under the command of Sir Francis Ottley.[40] In the autumn of 1642, Charles I had a temporary capital at Shrewsbury, though he immediately moved to Oxford after the events of the Battle of Wem.[citation needed] Prince Rupert established his headquarters in the town on 18 February 1644, being welcomed by Shrewsbury's aldermen.[41][42]
Victorian era
Culture and cultural references
Literature and legends
In the High Medieval period the Shropshire area influenced important poetry: the poet William Langland, writer of Piers Plowman, was born in Cleobury Mortimer,[44][45] and the 14th-century alliterative poem St Erkenwald[46] is written in a local dialect.[47][48][49] The only copy of the ancient poem 'Life and Death'[50] was also found in Shropshire.[51]
In this period the county was also associated in divers places and ways with Arthurian legends, for instance at Hawkstone, where there is a legend that one of the caves of Hawkstone Park was the burial ground of King Arthur,[52] and the Arthurian story of the giants Tarquin and Tarquinus[53] is located, or Whittington Castle and linked to the Holy Grail since the 13th century.[54] Old Oswestry has been identified as a possible home of Guinevere.[55] Ludlow Castle site features heavily in the folk-story of Fulk FitzWarin, outlawed Lord of Whittington, Shropshire and a possible inspiration for the Robin Hood legend.[56]
Parts of Shropshire are inside the ancient
Shropshire was the original seat of prominence of the Cotton family who held the Cotton Library before it was taken to found the British Library.[61]
The poet A. E. Housman used Shropshire as the setting for many of the poems in his first book, A Shropshire Lad.[63] Moreover, many of Malcolm Saville's children's books are set in Shropshire. Additionally, D. H. Lawrence's novella, St. Mawr, is partially set in the Stiperstones area of South Shropshire.[64]
The early 20th century novelist and poet
Shropshire is widely believed to have been an influence for J. R. R. Tolkien's landscape of the Shire in The Lord of the Rings. Specifically, the Wrekin (as The Lonely Mountain) and Ellesmere (as Laketown) are said to have inspired the English fantasy writer.[66][67][68][69]
In Susanna Clarke's Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell (2004), Jonathan Strange is from the county, and some parts of the book are set there. Another fictional character from Shropshire is Mr Grindley, from Charles Dickens' Bleak House.
P. G. Wodehouse's fictional Blandings Castle, the ancestral home of Lord Emsworth, is located in Shropshire.[70] Also from Shropshire is Psmith, a fictional character in a series of Wodehouse's novels.
In Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest, Algernon attempts to trick Jack into revealing the location of his country home by inferring he resides in Shropshire.[71]
The 1856 plantation literature novel White Acre vs. Black Acre by William M. Burwell features two Shropshire farms acting as an allegory for American slavery – "White Acre Farm" being the abolitionist Northern United States, and "Black Acre Farm" being the slaveholding Southern United States.[72]
The angel
In the novel Howards End, Mr. Wilcox's daughter gets married in Shropshire. Part of the novel is set near Clun.[74]
Theology
Shropshire was the native county and rural seat of power of Sir Rowland Hill, who coordinated and published the 1560 Geneva Bible.[75][76][77] This important Bible was the senior Bible of English Protestantism for the early decades of the Elizabethan Religious Settlement.[78]
Drama
Prior to the Reformation, there are accounts of major festivals in the county.[79] The "first flowerings of English drama" in the Tudor period are considered to be in the town, according to the 18th century Poet laureate and scholar Thomas Warton. Whitsuntide and mystery plays were performed in the founding years of Shrewsbury School under Thomas Ashton; they attracted the attention of Queen Elizabeth I.[80] Later this was expressed in the many arbours built in Shrewsbury for that town's particular tradition of pageantry and performance.[79]
Shakespeare
Shakespeare memorialised the Battle of Shrewsbury in Henry IV, Part 1, in Acts IV (Scenes and 3) and V (Scenes 1-5).[81] The arrest of Buckingham referred to in Richard III ( Act IV, scene iv) happened near Wem.[82] Ludlow castle is also referred to in the same play (Act II, scene ii).[83] There is a tradition that the Stanley monuments in St Bartholomew's Church, Tong are the work of Shakespeare.[84]
Other playwrights
William Wycherley was born at Clive near Shrewsbury, although his birthplace has been said to be Trench Farm to the north near Wem later the birthplace of another writer, John Ireland, who was said to have been adopted by Wycherley's widow following the death of Ireland's parents.[85]
The playwright George Farquhar's 1706 play The Recruiting Officer is set in Shrewsbury.[86]
Birthplace of English ballet and pantomime
The "father of English ballet",[87] as well as the originator of pantomime,[88] John Weaver, developed his art in Shrewsbury. A second generation dancing master in the town,[89] he founded English ballet, founded pantomime, and wrote on the philosophy, theology, statecraft and biology embedded in his era's understating of dance. Later in life he came to publish on the subject of dance, which he located in a wider understanding of his culture as representing a component of Ptolemaic harmony and an earnest part of the statecraft of his time.[90]
Architecture
The first known architectural project of Inigo Jones is the Cotton monument in the Church of St Chad, Norton-in-Hales.[91]
There are a number of important buildings in the county.[92] The world's first iron-framed building was built in Shrewsbury at the Flaxmill Maltings: the techniques pioneered in that building were necessary preconditions for skyscrapers.
Nash[93] and Repton[94] were active at Attingham Park.
A rare Anglo-Saxon hall, which was a high status building from the Anglo Saxon period, and possibly a feasting hall or palace, was excavated at nearby Attingham in 2018; the dating window is between 400 AD and 1066.[95]
Film and television
The landscape around
The 1984 film version of Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol was filmed in Shrewsbury. The 2005 sitcom The Green Green Grass is set in Shropshire and was filmed near Ludlow.[70]
The 2007 film Atonement was partly filmed in the county.[96]
The 2023 BBC adaptation of Bleak House was filmed partly in Shropshire.[97]
Emblems
Coat of arms
The
The arms were officially granted on 18 June 1896 and continued by the new authority in 2009.[citation needed
The heads are often referred to as "the loggerheads". This is thought to originate from the practice of carving a leopard head as a motif on the head of the log used as a battering ram.[98]
Flag
The Shropshire county flag is a banner of arms taken from its coat of arms. It was registered with the Flag Institute in March 2012.[99] It shows three leopard heads ('loggerheads') on a gold and blue background.
County flower
In a national poll in 2002, conducted by
Shropshire Day
Shropshire's
Motto
Shropshire's motto is Floreat Salopia, meaning "May Shropshire flourish".
British Rail loco No.31147 was named 'Floreat Salopia',[104]
Etymology
Shropshire is first recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle annal for 1006.[105]
The origin of the name is the Old English Scrobbesbyrigscīr, meaning "Shrewsburyshire", "the shire of the fortified place in the scrublands" (or "shrubs", the modern derivative). Salop is an old name for Shropshire, historically used as an abbreviated form for post or telegrams; it is thought to derive from the Anglo-French "Salopesberia".
It is nowadays normally replaced by Shrops, although Shropshire residents are still referred to as Salopians.[106]
Salop is also an alternative name for the county town, Shrewsbury,[106] which shares the motto Floreat Salopia.
Geography
When a county council for the county was first established in 1889, it was called Salop County Council.[107] Following the Local Government Act 1972, Salop became the official name of the county. The name was not well-regarded locally,[108] and a subsequent campaign led by a local councillor, John Kenyon, succeeded in having both the county and council renamed as Shropshire in 1980.[109] This took effect from 1 April of that year.[110]
County extent
The border with Wales was defined in the 16th century – the
The present day ceremonial county boundary is almost the same as the historic one. Notably there has been the removal of several
Geographically, Shropshire is divisible into two distinct halves – north and south. The county has a highly diverse
North Shropshire
The North Shropshire Plain is an extension of the flat and fertile Cheshire Plain. It is here that most of the county's large towns, and population, are to be found. Shrewsbury at the centre, Oswestry to the north west, Whitchurch to the north, Market Drayton to the north east, and Newport and the Telford conurbation (Telford, Wellington, Oakengates, Donnington and Shifnal) to the east. The land is fertile and agriculture remains a major feature of the landscape and the economy. The River Severn runs through the lower half of this area (from Wales in the west, eastwards), through Shrewsbury and down the Ironbridge Gorge, before heading south to Bridgnorth.
The area around Oswestry has more rugged geography than the North Shropshire Plain and the western half is over an extension of the Wrexham Coalfield and there are also copper deposits on the border with Wales. Mining of stone and sand aggregates is still going on in Mid-Shropshire, notably on Haughmond Hill, near Bayston Hill, and around the village of Condover. Lead mining also took place at Snailbeach and the Stiperstones, but this has now ceased. Other primary industries, such as forestry and fishing, are to be found too.
The
The new town of Telford is built partly on a former industrial area centred on the
South Shropshire
South Shropshire is more rural, with fewer settlements and no large towns, and its landscape differs greatly from that of North Shropshire. The area is dominated by significant hill ranges and river valleys, woods, pine forests and "batches", a colloquial term for small valleys. Farming is more pastoral than the arable found in the north of the county. The only substantial towns are
The
Because of its valley location and character, Church Stretton is sometimes called Little Switzerland,
One of the Clee Hills, the
South West Shropshire is a markedly rural part of the county, with Clun Forest, Offa's Dyke, the River Clun and the River Onny. The small towns of Clun and Bishop's Castle are in this area. To the south of Clun is the Welsh border town of Knighton.
Natural regions
- Shropshire Hills
- Shropshire and Staffordshire Plain
- Oswestry Uplands
- Mid Severn Sandstone Plateau
- Teme Valley
- Herefordshire Lowlands
- Clun and North West Herefordshire Hills
- Whixall Moss
Climate
The
Being rural and inland, temperatures can fall more dramatically on clear winter nights than in many other parts of England. It was at
The only major Met Office weather station in the county is located at Shawbury, which is in the north, between Shrewsbury and Market Drayton.
Climate data for Shawbury[c] WMO ID: 03414; coordinates 52°47′41″N 2°39′53″W / 52.79469°N 2.66473°W; elevation: 72 m (236 ft); 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1960–present | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 14.6 (58.3) |
17.4 (63.3) |
21.5 (70.7) |
25.2 (77.4) |
26.7 (80.1) |
31.2 (88.2) |
35.7 (96.3) |
34.9 (94.8) |
29.6 (85.3) |
28.1 (82.6) |
18.4 (65.1) |
15.4 (59.7) |
35.7 (96.3) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.5 (45.5) |
8.1 (46.6) |
10.3 (50.5) |
13.2 (55.8) |
16.3 (61.3) |
19.1 (66.4) |
21.1 (70.0) |
20.7 (69.3) |
18.1 (64.6) |
14.2 (57.6) |
10.3 (50.5) |
7.7 (45.9) |
13.9 (57.0) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.3 (39.7) |
4.6 (40.3) |
6.3 (43.3) |
8.6 (47.5) |
11.5 (52.7) |
14.4 (57.9) |
16.3 (61.3) |
16.0 (60.8) |
13.7 (56.7) |
10.4 (50.7) |
6.9 (44.4) |
4.5 (40.1) |
9.8 (49.6) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.2 (34.2) |
1.2 (34.2) |
2.3 (36.1) |
3.9 (39.0) |
6.8 (44.2) |
9.6 (49.3) |
11.5 (52.7) |
11.4 (52.5) |
9.3 (48.7) |
6.6 (43.9) |
3.5 (38.3) |
1.3 (34.3) |
5.7 (42.3) |
Record low °C (°F) | −21.4 (−6.5) |
−12.9 (8.8) |
−12.2 (10.0) |
−5.9 (21.4) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
2.5 (36.5) |
0.8 (33.4) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
−5.9 (21.4) |
−12.5 (9.5) |
−25.2 (−13.4) |
−25.2 (−13.4) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 57.4 (2.26) |
43.3 (1.70) |
43.4 (1.71) |
47.1 (1.85) |
53.6 (2.11) |
59.0 (2.32) |
57.6 (2.27) |
64.2 (2.53) |
61.1 (2.41) |
68.8 (2.71) |
60.8 (2.39) |
66.3 (2.61) |
682.5 (26.87) |
Average snowfall mm (inches) | 26 (1.0) |
19 (0.7) |
3 (0.1) |
4 (0.2) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 (0.0) |
27 (1.1) |
80 (3.1) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 12.1 | 10.8 | 10.2 | 10.4 | 10.0 | 10.1 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.0 | 11.3 | 12.5 | 13.1 | 131.6 |
Average snowy days | 3.0 | 2.9 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 1.6 | 9.1 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
90 | 87 | 84 | 83 | 82 | 84 | 83 | 83 | 86 | 88 | 90 | 90 | 86 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 52.8 | 74.9 | 114.6 | 158.1 | 194.9 | 187.5 | 193.3 | 168.0 | 134.7 | 97.5 | 61.8 | 49.9 | 1,487.8 |
Mean daily daylight hours | 8.3 | 9.9 | 11.9 | 14.0 | 15.8 | 16.8 | 16.3 | 14.7 | 12.7 | 10.6 | 8.7 | 7.7 | 12.3 |
Average ultraviolet index | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
Source 1: Met Office[117] European Climate Assessment and Dataset[118] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: WeatherAtlas[119] |
Geology
Shropshire has a huge range of different types of rocks, stretching from the Precambrian until the Holocene. In the northern part of the county there are examples of Jurassic, Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic. Centrally, Precambrian, Cambrian, Ordovician, Carboniferous and Permian predominate. And in the south it is predominantly Silurian and Quaternary. Shropshire has a number of areas with Silurian and Ordovician rocks, where a number of shells, corals and trilobites can be found. Mortimer Forest and Wenlock Edge are examples where a number of fossils can be found.
Statistical
For
Economy
BT have their National Network Management Centre (Whittington House) in Whittington, Shropshire. Military helicopter training in the UK takes place at RAF Shawbury, alongside training for the RAF's air traffic controllers (ATC).
Towns and villages
Shropshire has no cities, but 22 towns, of which two can be considered major. Telford is the largest town in the county with a population of 138,241 (which is approximately 30% of the total Salopian populace); whereas the county town of Shrewsbury has a lower, but still sizeable population of 71,715 (15%). The other sizeable towns are Oswestry, Bridgnorth, Newport and Ludlow. The historic town of Wellington now makes up part of the Telford conurbation. The majority of the other settlements can be classed as villages or towns such as Much Wenlock or Whitchurch. Several villages have larger populations than the smallest town, Clun. The largest of these, Bayston Hill, is the 10th most populous settlement in the county. The names of several villages close to the border are of Welsh origin, such as Gobowen and Selattyn.
The larger settlements are primarily concentrated in a central belt that roughly follows the A5/M54 roadway. Other settlements are concentrated on rivers, for example Bridgnorth and Ironbridge on the Severn, or Ludlow on the Teme, as these waterways were historically vital for trade and a supply of water.[120]
Ceremonial county of Shropshire |
Largest settlements (by population) 2011: Telford (138,241) Albrighton (village) (4,157) Ellesmere (3,835) Highley (village) (3,605) Pontesbury (village) (3,500) Shawbury (village) (2,872) Prees (village) (2,688) Much Wenlock (2,605) Craven Arms (2,289) Cleobury Mortimer (1,962) Bishop's Castle (1,893) Baschurch (village) (1,475) Ruyton-XI-Towns (village) (1,379) Clun (680) |
The town of Telford was created by the merger and expansion of older, small towns to the north and east of The Wrekin. These towns now have sizeable populations that now make up the population of Telford: Wellington (20,430),[121] Madeley (17,935),[122] Dawley (11,399)[123] and Oakengates (8,517),[124][125] but the Telford and Wrekin borough towns incentive aims to make Oakengates into the largest of the towns.[126]
Historically, all or parts of the towns of Halesowen, Smethwick and Oldbury, as well as the Quinton suburb of Birmingham, were in Shropshire.[127]
Politics
Parliamentary constituencies
The county has five parliamentary constituencies, four of which returned Conservative MPs at the 2005 general election and one, Telford, returned a Labour MP. This is a marked change from the 2001 general election result, where the county returned only one Conservative, three Labour and a Liberal Democrat MP to the House of Commons (see maps to the right) (Labour = Red, Conservatives = Blue and Liberal Democrats = Orange).
The current MPs of Shropshire are:
- Lucy Allan, Conservative, Telford (covering the town of Telford)
- Oswestrydistricts, now coextensive with the North area committee)
- Philip Dunne, Conservative, Ludlow (covering the former South Shropshireand (the majority of) Bridgnorth districts; now co-extensive with the South area committee except for the part covered by The Wrekin constituency)
- Daniel Kawczynski, Conservative, Shrewsbury and Atcham (covering the former Shrewsbury and Atcham district; now co-extensive with the Central area committee)
- Mark Pritchard, Conservative, The Wrekin (covering Telford and Wrekin borough, minus Telford, and including a small area of the former Bridgnorth district/South area committee)
Constituency | 1992 | 1997 | 2001 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | 2017 | 2021 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ludlow | CON Christopher Gill | LD Matthew Green | CON Philip Dunne | |||||
North Shropshire | CON John Biffen | CON Owen Paterson | LD Helen Morgan | |||||
Shrewsbury & Atcham | CON Derek Conway | LAB Paul Marsden | LD Paul Marsden | CON Daniel Kawczynski | ||||
Telford | LAB Bruce Grocott* | LAB Bruce Grocott | LAB David Wright | CON Lucy Allan | ||||
The Wrekin | LAB Peter Bradley | CON Mark Pritchard |
- Note (*), The Wrekin (historic UK Parliament constituency)was split at the 1997 election.
2021 refers to the by election in North Shropshire only.
Divisions and environs
Most of the
The new unitary authority for Shropshire, Shropshire Council, divides the county into three areas, each with its own area committee: North, Central and South. These area committees deal with town and country planning matters.
With the parishing of the formerly
Local government 1974–2009
In 1974 the
Oswestry and Shrewsbury & Atcham were each granted borough status in 1974. Telford and Wrekin became a borough in 2002.
2009 restructuring
In 2006 a local government white paper supported proposals for new unitary authorities to be set up in England in certain areas. Existing non-metropolitan counties with small populations, such as Cornwall, Northumberland and Shropshire, were favoured by the government to be covered by unitary authorities in one form or another (the county either becoming a single unitary authority, or be broken into a number of unitary authorities). For the counties in the 2009 reorganisation, existing unitary authority areas within the counties' ceremonial boundaries (such as Telford and Wrekin) were not to be affected and no boundary changes were planned.
Shropshire County Council, supported by South Shropshire District Council and Oswestry Borough Council, proposed to the government that the non-metropolitan county of Shropshire become a single unitary authority. This was opposed by the other three districts in the county, with Shrewsbury & Atcham Borough Council taking their objection to the High Court in a judicial review.
The proposal to create a Shropshire unitary authority, covering the area of the existing non-metropolitan county, was supported by the
Part of the proposals include
Political control of councils
Shropshire Council has been under Conservative control since the first election held in 2009; Telford and Wrekin Council has been under Labour control since 2011.
Economy
Traditionally, agriculture has dominated the economy of Shropshire.
Industry is mostly found in Telford, Oswestry, Whitchurch, Market Drayton and Shrewsbury, though small industrial estates have developed in most of the market towns as well as on former airfields in rural areas. In towns such as Whitchurch, much of the high street is predominantly composed of small independent business which specialise in handmade items or antiques. Many of the businesses in Shropshire are family run such as Raven Yard Antiques, a family run antiques shop located in Watergate Street, Whitchurch.[133] Shrewsbury is becoming[when?] a centre for distribution and warehousing, as it is located on a nodal point of the regional road-network.[134][135]
In Telford, a new
Telford and Shrewsbury are the county's two main retail centres, with contrasting styles of shopping – Shrewsbury's largely historic streets and Telford's large modern mall, Telford Shopping Centre.[137] Shrewsbury also has two medium-sized shopping centres, the indoor "Pride Hill" and "Darwin" centres (both located on Pride Hill),[138] and a smaller, partially covered, "Riverside Mall". Shrewsbury's location as the nearest substantial town for those in a large area of mid-Wales helps it draw in considerable numbers of shoppers, notably on Saturdays.
Well-known companies in Shropshire include
Statistics
Below is the chart of regional gross value added for the non-metropolitan county (that is, excluding Telford & Wrekin) of Shropshire at current basic prices,[142] with figures in millions of British pounds sterling.
Year | Regional gross value added[143] | Agriculture[144] | Industry[145] | Services[146] |
---|---|---|---|---|
1995 | 2,388 | 238 | 618 | 1,533 |
2000 | 2,977 | 177 | 739 | 2,061 |
2003 | 3,577 | 197 | 843 | 2,538 |
With the statistics for the borough of Telford and Wrekin included, the following represents the ceremonial county:
Year | Regional gross value added[143] | Agriculture[144] | Industry[145] | Services[146] |
---|---|---|---|---|
1995 | 4,151 | 266 | 1,483 | 2,403 |
2000 | 5,049 | 197 | 1,512 | 3,340 |
2003 | 5,947 | 218 | 1,693 | 4,038 |
Education
The Shropshire Council area has a completely comprehensive education system, whilst in the borough of Telford and Wrekin there are two selective schools, both of which are located in Newport—these are the Haberdashers' Adams School and Newport Girls' High School (both of which are ranked within the top thirty schools in the country). In Telford itself is the Thomas Telford School, ranked as one of the best comprehensive schools in England.[147]
Some Shropshire children attend schools in Wales, including Llanfyllin High School.[148]
The county has many independent schools, such as Oswestry School (founded in 1407), Shrewsbury School, (founded in 1552), and Ellesmere College (founded in 1884).
There are three sixth-form colleges located in Shropshire: the New College, Telford, Shrewsbury Sixth Form College and Ludlow College. Adams' Grammar and Newport Girls' High Schools both provide sixth-form education as well as secondary education.
There are also two institutions of higher education in Shropshire, the Telford campus of the University of Wolverhampton and in Edgmond, near Newport, Harper Adams University, which formerly offered mostly agriculture-based degrees but is expanding its range of provision. A third higher education institution was created in Shrewsbury in 2015, which is a campus of the University of Chester.[149]
In Ironbridge, the University of Birmingham operates the Ironbridge Institute in partnership with the Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust, which offers postgraduate and professional development courses in heritage.
Shropshire has the highest educational attainment in the
Transport
Shropshire is connected to the rest of the United Kingdom via a number of road and rail links. Historically, rivers and later canals in the county were used for transport also, although their use in transport is now significantly reduced. The county's main transport hub is Shrewsbury, through which many significant roads and railways pass and join.
Major roads in the county include the
There are a number of major
Two major water supply
Media
Television
The county is covered by BBC West Midlands and ITV Central from its studios in Birmingham. Television signals are received from either the Wrekin or Sutton Coldfield TV transmitters.[155][156]
Radio
and southern parts of Shropshire).Newspapers
The Shropshire Star is the local newspaper which covers the whole county.[157]
Places of interest
Notable people
This section needs additional citations for verification. (August 2020) |
- Abraham Darby, early industrialist[158]
- Adrian Jones, sculptor of the Quadriga at Hyde Park Corner[159]
- Alison Williamson, of Church Stretton, archery Olympic bronze medalist
- gymnast
- Barbara Pym, novelist
- Billy Wright, born in Ironbridge, Wolverhampton Wanderersfootballer and England captain
- Carol Decker, lead singer of the 1980s pop group T'Pau, went to school in Shropshire
- Charles Babbage, early computing pioneer, lived at Dudmaston Hall in 1814
- theory of evolution by natural selection, born in Shrewsbury
- Chris Hawkins, radio presenter and DJ, born in Loppington
- Big Brother 2000
- David Edwards, footballer (born in Pontesbury), Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C & Wales
- Edith Pargeter (1913–1995), author
- Edmund Plowden (1518–1585), legal scholar and theorist
- Sir Edmund Plowden (1590–1659), proprietor, Earl Palatine and Governor of New Albion
- Edric the Wild, Anglo-Saxon magnate
- Edward Waring (1736–1798), mathematician
- Save the Children Fund
- traditional Englishsingers
- George Jeffreys, of Wem, infamous judge
- Georgina Frederica Jackson, compiler of Shropshire Word-Book
- Sir Gordon Richards (1902–1986), 26 times flat racing Champion Jockey, born at Donnington Wood
- Greg Davies, comedian and actor grew up in Wem
- Humphrey Kynaston (died 1534), highwayman
- Isobel Cooper (Izzy), opera singer from Much Wenlock
- Ivan Jones, writer of The Ghost Hunter
- Jesse Armstrong, screenwriter and producer, creator of Emmy-winning TV show 'Succession', and co-creator of comedy TV shows 'Peep Show' and 'Fresh Meat'
- John Benbow, Admiral of the White, born in Shrewsbury
- Joe Hart, born in Shrewsbury, Celtic and England goalkeeper
- John Mytton, 'Mad Jack' Mytton, Regency rake, MP, gambler and horseman
- John Wilkinson, of Broseley, industrialist
- Jonathan Corbett, TV presenter
- K. K. Downing, guitarist with Judas Priest
- Lara Jones, writer of the Poppy Cat books
- Len Murray, former head of the T.U.C.
- Lord Acton, 19th century historian
- Mal Lewis Jones, writer
- Cambridge University
- Mary Webb (1881–1927), author
- Matthew Jones, footballer
- Matthew Webb, first man to swim the English Channel
- Mirabel Osler, author
- Pete Postlethwaite, actor, lived near Church Stretton until his death in 2011
- Sir Philip Sidney, prominent Elizabethan
- Richard Lee I, first member of the Lee family of America. Ancestor of Thomas Lee, Francis Lightfoot Lee, Richard Henry Lee, Henry Lee III, Thomas Sim Lee, and Confederate General Robert E. Lee.
- Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive, 'Clive of India', born near Market Drayton
- Sir Rowland Hill, coordinator of the Geneva Bible and possible inspiration for As You Like It[46]
- Rowland Hill, 1st Viscount Hill, Napoleonic era general
- Roy Wood, of Wem, in the band Wizzard
- Stewart Lee, stand-up comedian, writer and director
- Sybil Ruscoe, TV and radio presenter
- Trevor Rees-Jones, bodyguard and author
- Tricia Sullivan, American science fiction author, lives in Shropshire
- First World Warpoet
- William Farr, epidemiologist and early bio-statistician
- Anglicantheologian
- William Penny Brookes, from Much Wenlock, founder of Wenlock Olympian Games
- Restoration dramatist and playwright known for The Country Wife
Sport
There are a significant number of sporting clubs and facilities in Shropshire, many of which are found in Shrewsbury and Telford in addition to a number of clubs found locally throughout the county. Shropshire is home to a variety of established amateur, semi-pro and professional sports clubs.
The county is home to one of five
Football
The three highest
There are numerous semi-professional football clubs in the lower leagues. The
Level | League | Clubs |
---|---|---|
3 | League One | Shrewsbury Town |
7 | Southern League Premier Division Central | AFC Telford United
|
9 | Midland League Premier Division | Market Drayton Town, Shifnal Town, Whitchurch Alport |
10 | Midland League Division One | AFC Bridgnorth, Haughmond, Shawbury United |
North West Counties League Division One South | Ellesmere Rangers |
Also, some clubs situated near the Welsh border play in the Welsh league system:
Level | League | Clubs |
---|---|---|
1 | Cymru Premier | The New Saints |
4 | Mid Wales Football League Northern Division
|
Bishop's Castle Town |
Other sports
The historic
The county
The area also has a rich motorsports heritage, with the
One of the biggest one-day events in Shropshire and the biggest one-day cycle race in the UK is the
The county has one
See also
- 7603 Salopia – an asteroidnamed after the county
- 53rd Regiment of Foot – former British Army regiment
- Diocese of Shrewsbury – Roman Catholic diocesewhich covers all of Shropshire
- Etymological list of counties of the United Kingdom– list of name origins
- Healthcare in Shropshire
- Shropshire Archives – collects and makes accessible archives and books relating to the county
- Shropshire Blue cheese
References
Citations
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Notes
- ^ Tim Clarkson's biography has a detailed discussion of Æthelflæd' burhs.[28]
- ^ thought to be Whitchurch,[29] which would make sense given the strategic importance of the Roman Road link via the Via Devana.
- NW of Telford.
Further reading
- Gareth Roddy, "'Westward on the high-hilled plains': the literature of Shropshire and the early twentieth century imagination, 1896–c.1939", Contemporary British History, vol. 33, no. 1 (2019), pp. 28–51.
External links
- Shropshire Council
- Shropshire at Curlie
- BBC Shropshire news
- Shropshire Star
- Images of Shropshire at the English Heritage Archive
- The History of Parliament: the House of Commons - Shropshire, County, 1386 to 1831