Siddhanta

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See also: Indian philosophy

Siddhānta (Devanagari: सिद्धान्त) is a Sanskrit term denoting the established and accepted view of any particular school within Indian philosophy; literally "settled opinion or doctrine, dogma, axiom, received or admitted truth; any fixed or established or canonical text-book on any subject" (from siddha, adj. mfn.- accomplished, fulfilled; that has attained the highest object, thoroughly skilled or versed in).[1]

Hindu philosophy

This term is an established term within

Śabarasvāmi
.

Buddhist philosophy

Siddhānta (

Buddhist literature, which is quite common in Tibetan Buddhism.[2] This genre has its antecedents in Pali suttas such as the Tevijja sutta and the Brahmajala sutta. These early Buddhist sources discuss the various worldviews of brahmins, sramanas and ascetics during the Buddha's time.[3] Buddhist scholastic literature later expanded the discussion to numerous other Buddhist and non-Buddhist views. Indian works which discuss various competing doctrines include the Kathavatthu, the Mahavibhasa, Bhaviveka's Blaze of Reasoning and Shantaraksita's Tattvasamgraha.[2]

Tibetan Buddhists developed the genre further and numerous siddhānta works were written by figures such as Rongzompa, Chekawa Yeshe Dorje, Sakya Pandita, Longchenpa, Jamyang Shéba, and Changkya Rölpé Dorjé.[2] According to Daniel Cozort, Jamyang's massive Great Exposition of Tenets "are the most comprehensive of the tenets texts" (in Tibetan Buddhism).[4] During the 18th century, Thuken Losang Chökyi Nyima (1737–1802), a student of Changkya, wrote Crystal Mirror of Philosophical Systems. According to Roger R. Jackson, this text is "arguably the widest-ranging account of religious philosophies ever written in pre-modern Tibet." This work discusses all schools of Tibetan Buddhism, Chinese Buddhism and Chinese religions as well as Indian, Mongolian and Khotanese religious systems.[5]

Jain philosophical studies

For

Shvetambara believe that the "purest" Jain teachings were contained within the Purvas
, which have been mostly lost to antiquity. Of the surviving Jain scriptures, the Digambara tend to focus upon the Prakaranas; while the Shvetambara focus upon the Angas.

Astronomy

In Indian

zodiac signs, precise calculations of the solar year, computations of planetary motions and positions, calculation of solar and lunar eclipses, and parallax.[6]

Early

Paulisha and Romaka Siddhantas (directly based on Hellenistic astronomy) and the Vasishtha Siddhanta
.

References

  1. ^ "Monier-Williams Sanskrit Dictionary sv. "siddhanta"". Archived from the original on 2015-05-20. Retrieved 2015-01-19.
  2. ^ a b c Changkya Rölpai Dorjé; Lopez, Donald (translator) (2019). Beautiful Adornment of Mount Meru, Translator's Introduction. Simon and Schuster.
  3. ^ Changkya Rölpai Dorjé; Lopez, Donald (translator) (2019). Beautiful Adornment of Mount Meru, Introduction. Simon and Schuster.
  4. ^ Blo-bzaṅ-dkon-mchog, Daniel Cozort, Craig Preston (2003). Buddhist Philosophy: Losang Gönchok's Short Commentary to Jamyang Shayba's Root Text on Tenets, pp. xi-xii. Snow Lion Publications.
  5. ^ Thuken Losang Chokyi Nyima, Jackson, Roger (editor) (2017). The Crystal Mirror of Philosophical Systems: A Tibetan Study of Asian Religious Thought. Simon and Schuster.
  6. ISBN 9788184899986
    .
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