Siege of La Rochelle (1224)
Siege of La Rochelle, 1224 | |||||||||
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Part of the Capetian–Angevin feuds | |||||||||
Detail of a medieval miniature of the siege of La Rochelle. | |||||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||||
Kingdom of France |
Duchy of Aquitaine Kingdom of England | ||||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
Louis VIII |
Savari de Mauléon Geoffrey de Neuville |
The siege of La Rochelle of 1224 was the decisive engagement in the campaign between the Capetians and the Plantagenets for control of Poitou. French royal forces commanded by Capetian king Louis VIII laid siege to the strategic port of La Rochelle and its garrison of Poitevin and English soldiers commanded by Savari de Mauléon. The port had long been a staging ground for Plantagenet efforts to regain their continental lands lost to the French crown since 1203. The siege lasted from July to August 1224, and resulted in La Rochelle's citizens surrendering the city to Louis after the failure of English relief to emerge. The siege of La Rochelle was the crowning event of the Capetian conquest of Poitou from the Plantagenets.[1] With Poitou in Capetian hands, only Gascony remained under Plantagenet rule on the continent.
Background
The city of La Rochelle came under Plantagenet rule with the rest of
The Capetians had been in frequent conflict with the Plantagenets since 1203, when
Campaign and siege
Four days after the conclusion of the siege of Bedford, Louis VIII gathered his army at
The exact nature of the end of the siege is ambiguous, though according to the chronicle of St. Martin of Tours, the city was surrendered on 3 August and French troops entered La Rochelle soon after.[1] However, the burgesses of the city did not swear fealty to Louis until 13 August. Ralph of Coggeshall described the capitulation as a conditional surrender by the citizens, seemingly upon the realisation that only minimal support would be received from the English crown due to distractions from the aftermath of Bedford. The citizens had previously decided to surrender if English relief did not arrive by Christmas, but with French troops already in the city they accelerated their submission to Louis.[1] Geoffrey's English force took no part in the surrender of the city; Louis allowed them to leave in peace with their arms. On the other hand, Savari's reputation amongst the English was tarnished by accusations of treachery; his efforts to try to explain the fall of La Rochelle to Henry having failed, Savari entered Louis' service by Christmas 1224.[1] David Carpenter credits the fall of La Rochelle to the citizens, who "like those of the other towns, had simply lost the will to fight for the Angevin cause".[1]
Consequences
Following the 1224 siege, Louis VIII committed to maintain all the privileges of the city.[4] Trade was encouraged by giving a safe conduct for all goods from or to the city, although usual taxes were applied.[2] In case of a declaration of war between France and the country of a trader, that trader's goods were protected from being seized for a period of 20 days, during which the trader could leave the city with his goods unharmed.[2]
The absorption of La Rochelle into the French royal demesne compromised the close trading relations the city had enjoyed with England and Ireland, especially in the export of wine. La Rochelle wine had been recorded in England since the end of the 12th century, and numerous English and Irish traders had been present in the city.
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i The minority of Henry III David Carpenter pp.370-3
- ^ a b c d e f g Reformation in La Rochelle: tradition and change in early modern Europe by Judith Chandler Pugh Meyer p.24ff
- ^ Louis: The French Prince who Invaded England Catherine Hanley pp.202-3
- ^ History of the rise of the Huguenots of France Henry Martyn Baird p.270