Sikhism by country

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Distribution of Sikhs
Percentage of Sikhs by country
Number of Sikhs by country

Most of the 25-30 million followers of

disputed – discuss], live in the northern Indian state of Punjab, the only Sikh-majority administrative division on Earth,[1][2][3][4][5][6] but Sikh communities exist on every inhabited continent. Sizeable Sikh populations in countries across the world exist in India (20,833,116),[7] Canada (771,790),[8] England (520,092),[9] the United States (~280,000),[30] Italy (~220,000), and Australia (210,400), while countries with the largest proportions of Sikhs include Canada (2.12%),[8] India (1.56%), Cyprus (1.1%)[31][32] England (0.92%),[9][33] New Zealand
(0.87%), and Australia (0.83%).

Administrative divisions with significant proportions of Sikhs include

London, England (144,543).[36]

At 93.33% Sikh, Tarn Taran is the world's most Sikh district or county.[37] Located in the heart of the Majha region of Punjab founded by Guru Arjan Dev - the 5th Sikh guru, [38] Tarn Taran also hosts the world's largest sarovar (sacred pool)[39] even surpassing the great Darbar Sahib - Golden Temple in the neighbouring Amritsar district.

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Sikhism and other religions

Countries

The figures on the table below are either based on each of the country's respective censuses or are calculated by specific organizations. Some of these figures are rounded off. In case of conflicting estimates, both the lowest and highest estimates are included.

Sikhs and Sikhism by country
Region Country No. of Sikhs Sikh % % of all Sikhs
Central Asia Afghanistan Afghanistan * 140 (2022 est.)[40] 0% 0%
South America Argentina Argentina 300 families (2012 est.)[41] 0% 0%
Central Europe Austria Austria * 9,000 (2020 est.)[42] 0.04% 0.04%
Oceania Australia Australia * 210,400 (2021 census)[43] 0.83% 0.9%
South Asia Bangladesh Bangladesh * 20 families (2012 est.)[44] 0% 0%
Western Europe Belgium Belgium * 10,000 (2020 est.)[45] 0.09% 0.04%
South America Brazil Brazil 300 (2018 est.)[46] 0% 0%
North America Canada Canada * 771,790 (
2021 census)[8]
 2.12% 3.31%
Southern Europe Cyprus Cyprus * 13,280 (2020 est.)[31][32] 1.07% 0.06%
Northern Europe Denmark Denmark * 4,000 (2019 est.)[47] 0.07% 0.02%
Oceania Fiji Fiji * 2,577 (2007 census)[48] 0.31% 0.01%
Western Europe France France * 30,000 (2017 est.)[49] 0.04% 0.13%
Western Asia
 Georgia (country) Georgia 200 (2018 est.)[50] 0.01% 0%
Central Europe Germany Germany * 18,000 (2017 est.)[51] 0.02% 0.08%
Southern Europe Greece Greece * 20,000 (2015 est.)[52] 0.19% 0.09%
East Asia Hong Kong Hong Kong 12,000 (2021 est.)[53] 0.16% 0.05%
Northern Europe Iceland Iceland 100 (2013 est.)[54] 0.03% 0%
South Asia India India * 20,833,116 (
2011 census
) 		1.72% 89.27%
Southeast Asia Indonesia Indonesia * 15,000 (2009 est.)[55] 0.01% 0.06%
Western Europe Republic of Ireland Ireland 2,183 (2022 census)[56] 0.04% 0.01%
Southern Europe Italy Italy * 220,000 (2022 est.)[70] 0.37% 0.94%
East Africa Kenya Kenya 6,000 (2013 est.)[71] 0.01% 0.03%
Middle East Kuwait Kuwait 15,000 (2021 est.)[72] 0.35% 0.06%
Southeast Asia Malaysia Malaysia * 100,000 (2016 est.)[73] 0.3% 0.43%
South Asia Nepal Nepal * 609 (2011 census)[74] 0% 0%
Western Europe Netherlands Netherlands * 15,000 (2022 est.)[75] 0.08% 0.06%
Oceania New Zealand New Zealand * 40,908 (2018 census)[76] 0.87% 0.18%
Northern Europe Norway Norway * 4,080 (2020 est.)[77] 0.08% 0.02%
Middle East Oman Oman 33,704 (2020 est.)[78] 0.75% 0.14%
South Asia Pakistan Pakistan * 6,146 (2021 est.)[79][80][81] 0% 0.03%
Central America Panama Panama * 302 (2020 est.)[32] 0.01% 0%
Southeast Asia Philippines Philippines 28,436 (2020 est.)[32] 0.03% 0.12%
Southern Europe Portugal Portugal 35,000 (2020 est.)[82] 0.34% 0.15%
Middle East Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 6,700 (2021 est.)[83] 0.02% 0.03%
Southeast Asia Singapore Singapore * 12,051 (2020 census)[84] 0.35% 0.05%
Southern Africa South Africa South Africa * 13,000 (2020 est.)[85] 0.02% 0.04%
Southern Europe Spain Spain 26,000 (2020 est.)[86] 0.05% 0.11%
Northern Europe Sweden Sweden * 4,000 (2020 est.)[86] 0.04% 0.02%
Southeast Asia Thailand Thailand * 70,000 (2005 est.)[87] 0.1% 0.3%
Central America Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago 150 (2022 est.)[88] 0.01% 0%
East Africa Uganda Uganda 2,400 (2021 est.)[89] 0.01% 0.01%
Middle East United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates * 52,000 (2022 est.)[90] 0.56% 0.22%
Western Europe United Kingdom United Kingdom * 524,529 (2021 census)[9][91][92] 0.85% 2.25%
North America United States United States * 280,000 (2021 est.)[113] 0.08% 1.2%
Total 23,336,631[a] 0.3% 100%

Census Data

As a religious minority, Sikhs have fought long and hard to get official status and to be counted in many countries across the world. Through the efforts of Sikh organisations and communities in their respective countries, there is now readily available population data on Sikhs as part of the census in the following territories:

Census Data
Country Sikh Religion Sikh Ethnicity
(single response) 		Sikh Ethnicity
(multiple response)
Rank Pop. % Year Pop. % Year Pop. % Year
India India 4th 20,833,116 1.72%
2011[114]
Canada Canada 4th 771,790 2.12% 2021[8] 194,640 0.54% 2021[115]
England England 4th 520,092 0.92% 2021[9] 98,666 0.17% 2021[116]
United States United States 48,321 0.01% 2020[117][118][119] 70,697 0.02% 2020[120][121][122]
Australia Australia 5th 210,400 0.83% 2021[123] 60,501 0.24% 2021[124]
New Zealand New Zealand 5th 40,908 0.87% 2018[76] 105 0% 2018[125] 192 0% 2018[126]
Singapore Singapore 6th 12,051 0.35% 2020[84]
Thailand Thailand 6th 11,124 0.02% 2010[127]
Scotland Scotland 5th 9,055 0.17% 2011[128] 873 0.02% 2011[129]
Wales Wales 5th 4,048 0.13% 2021[9] 683 0.02% 2021[130]
Fiji Fiji 4th 2,577 0.31% 2007[131]
Republic of Ireland Ireland 6th 2,183 0.04% 2022[132]
Nepal Nepal 7th 1,496 0.01% 2021[133]
Northern Ireland Northern Ireland 6th 389 0.02% 2021[134] 43 0% 2021[135]
Pakistan Pakistan 2023
Faroe Islands Faroe Islands 7th 3 0.01% 2011[136]

Note: Official statistics do not count unregistered arrivals or those who have not completed the census or surveys. However, they do provide for a much more accurate depiction of Sikh communities as opposed to estimates from various Sikh organisations whose estimates can vary vastly with no statistically valuable source. Thus, official statistics and census data is highly important and Sikh communities continue to push for census inclusion in many countries where they are still not counted.

% Sikh by National Subdivision

Largest proportions

  1.  Canada 2.12%[8][137]
  2.  India 1.72%[142]
  3.  Cyprus 1.1%[31][143]
  4.  United Kingdom 0.88%[144]
  5.  New Zealand 0.88%[145]
  6.  Australia 0.83%[146][147]
  7.  Oman 0.75%[78]
  8.  UAE 0.56%[148]
  9.  Italy 0.37%[156]
  10.  Singapore 0.35% [62]
    Depiction of early Sikh immigration to Canada (Whitehorse, Yukon). Circa 1906.

Largest populations

  1.  India 23,786,000[160]
  2.  Canada 771,790[8][137]
  3.  United Kingdom 524,000[161]
  4.  United States ~280,000[182]
  5.  Australia 210,400[146][147]
  6.  Italy 210,000 [190]
  7.  Malaysia 100,000[191][192][193]
  8.  Thailand 70,000[194]
  9.  United Arab Emirates 52,000[195]
  10.  Philippines 50,000[196][197]
  11.  New Zealand 40,908[198]
  12.  Oman 35,540[78]
  13.  Portugal 35,000[199]
  14.  France 30,000[200]
  15.  Spain 26,000[201]
  16.  Germany 25,000[202]
  17.  Greece 20,000[203]
  18.  Netherlands 15,000 [204]
  19.  Kuwait 15,000[205][206]
  20.  Hong Kong 15,000[207]
  21.  Cyprus 13,280[31][208]
  22.  Singapore 12,051[209]
  23.  Indonesia 10,000[210]
  24.  Belgium 10,000[211]
  25.  Austria 10,000[212]

Subnational divisions

Sikhs by administrative division
Administrative division 2021[8][36][213][214][215][c]
Pop. %
India Punjab 16,004,754 57.69%
India Haryana 1,243,752 4.91%
India Rajasthan 872,930 1.27%
India Uttar Pradesh 643,500 0.32%
India Delhi 570,581 3.4%
Canada Ontario Ontario 300,435 2.14%
Canada British Columbia British Columbia 290,870 5.92%
India Uttarakhand 236,340 2.34%
India Jammu and Kashmir 232,585 1.9%
India Maharashtra 223,247 0.2%
United Kingdom England West Midlands 172,398 2.9%
India Madhya Pradesh 151,412 0.21%
United States California California 146,614 0.37%
United Kingdom England London 144,543 1.64%
India Chandigarh 138,329 13.11%
Canada Alberta Alberta 103,600 2.48%
Victoria
 91,745 1.41%
India Himachal Pradesh 79,896 1.16%
United Kingdom England South East 74,348 0.8%
India Jharkhand 71,422 0.22%
India Chhattisgarh 70,036 0.27%
India West Bengal 63,523 0.07%
India Gujarat 58,246 0.1%
United Kingdom England East Midlands 53,950 1.11%
Australia New South Wales New South Wales 47,165 0.58%
Canada Manitoba Manitoba 35,470 2.71%
United States New York (state) New York 31,496 0.16%
India Telangana 30,340 0.09%
India Karnataka 28,773 0.05%
Australia Queensland Queensland 27,713 0.54%
United Kingdom England East 24,284 0.38%
United Kingdom England Yorkshire and the Humber 24,034 0.44%
New Zealand Auckland 23,832 1.52%
Canada Quebec Quebec 23,345 0.28%
India Odisha 21,991 0.05%
India Assam 20,672 0.07%
Australia Western Australia Western Australia 18,583 0.7%
Washington
 17,316 0.22%
Australia South Australia South Australia 17,259 0.97%
United States New Jersey New Jersey 15,417 0.17%
India Bihar 14,753 0.01%
India Tamil Nadu 14,601 0.02%
United Kingdom England North West 11,862 0.16%
United States Texas Texas 10,777 0.04%
India Andhra Pradesh 9,904 0.02%
United Kingdom Scotland Scotland 9,055 0.17%
Canada Saskatchewan Saskatchewan 9,035 0.82%
United Kingdom England South West 7,465 0.13%
United Kingdom England North East 7,206 0.27%
United States Indiana Indiana 6,812 0.1%
United States Virginia Virginia 6,792 0.08%
United States Michigan Michigan 5,809 0.06%
United States Illinois Illinois 5,087 0.04%
New Zealand Bay of Plenty 4,842 1.57%
Canada Nova Scotia Nova Scotia 4,730 0.49%
United States Pennsylvania Pennsylvania 4,354 0.03%
Australia Australian Capital Territory Australian Capital Territory 4,323 0.95%
New Zealand Waikato 4,074 0.89%
United Kingdom Wales Wales 4,048 0.13%
United States Maryland Maryland 4,013 0.06%
India Kerala 3,814 0.01%
United States Ohio Ohio 3,517 0.03%
India Arunachal Pradesh 3,287 0.24%
India Meghalaya 3,045 0.1%
Canterbury
 2,973 0.5%
United States Massachusetts Massachusetts 2,379 0.03%
United States Florida Florida 2,359 0.01%
India Ladakh 2,263 0.83%
Australia Tasmania Tasmania 2,208 0.4%
United States Arizona Arizona 2,177 0.03%
United States Georgia (U.S. state) Georgia 2,173 0.02%
India Nagaland 1,890 0.1%
India Sikkim 1,868 0.31%
Canada New Brunswick New Brunswick 1,780 0.23%
New Zealand Wellington 1,647 0.32%
India Manipur 1,527 0.05%
India Goa 1,473 0.1%
United States North Carolina North Carolina 1,431 0.01%
United States Connecticut Connecticut 1,424 0.04%
United States Wisconsin Wisconsin 1,412 0.02%
Australia Northern Territory Northern Territory 1,401 0.6%
Hawke's Bay
 1,347 0.81%
United States Colorado Colorado 1,324 0.02%
India Andaman and Nicobar Islands 1,286 0.34%
Canada Prince Edward Island Prince Edward Island 1,165 0.77%
United States Oregon Oregon 1,130 0.03%
United States Nevada Nevada 1,118 0.04%
India Tripura 1,070 0.03%
Canada Newfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland and Labrador 850 0.17%
United States Kansas Kansas 690 0.02%
United States Missouri Missouri 519 0.01%
New Zealand Otago 510 0.23%
United States Mississippi Mississippi 460 0.02%
United States Minnesota Minnesota 456 0.01%
New Zealand Manawatū-Whanganui 447 0.19%
India Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu 389 0.07%
United Kingdom Northern Ireland Northern Ireland 389 0.02%
Canada Yukon Yukon 385 0.97%
United States South Carolina South Carolina 385 0.01%
United States Utah Utah 365 0.01%
United States Delaware Delaware 349 0.04%
United States Louisiana Louisiana 341 0.01%
New Zealand Northland 315 0.18%
India Puducherry 297 0.02%
United States Tennessee Tennessee 289 0%
India Mizoram 286 0.03%
United States Iowa Iowa 242 0.01%
New Zealand Taranaki 234 0.2%
Southland
 210 0.22%
United States Oklahoma Oklahoma 190 0%
United States Arkansas Arkansas 182 0.01%
United States Kentucky Kentucky 182 0%
Gisborne
 171 0.36%
United States Alabama Alabama 163 0%
United States New Mexico New Mexico 147 0.01%
United States New Hampshire New Hampshire 143 0.01%
Marlborough
 123 0.26%
Canada Northwest Territories Northwest Territories 110 0.27%
New Zealand Nelson 102 0.2%
United States Maine Maine 91 0.01%
District of Columbia
 75 0.01%
Tasman
 51 0.1%
United States Idaho Idaho 44 0%
West Coast
 33 0.1%
United States Nebraska Nebraska 28 0%
United States West Virginia West Virginia 28 0%
United States Alaska Alaska 16 0%
United States Montana Montana 16 0%
United States Rhode Island Rhode Island 12 0%
United States Vermont Vermont 12 0%
United States Wyoming Wyoming 12 0%
Canada Nunavut Nunavut 10 0.03%
India Lakshadweep 8 0.01%
United States South Dakota South Dakota 4 0%
United States Hawaii Hawaii 0 0%
United States North Dakota North Dakota 0 0%
United States Puerto Rico Puerto Rico 0 0%

Sub-districts

Faith in Newton, Surrey (2021)[225] World's only Sikh majority neighbourhood outside India

  
Jewish
(0.1%)
  Other faiths (0.4%)

A sub-district is a local administrative division known as different names in respective countries: called tehsils in India, electoral districts in Canada and wards in England. These are smaller than counties or districts and consist of neighbourhoods and suburbs. Newton, Surrey is the only Sikh majority sub-district outside India with Sikhs representing 51.5% of the population in 2021.[226] There are however, a number of other neighbourhoods outside India where Sikhs form the largest group (plurality).

Neighbourhoods with Sikhs as Largest Group[227]
Sub-District (Neighbourhood) Division Nation % Sikh
Newton - Surrey British Columbia  Canada 51.5%
Blakenhall - Wolverhampton West Midlands  England 40.7%
Brampton East - Peel Ontario  Canada 40.4%
Southall Green - Ealing London  England 36.8%
Heston West - Hounslow London  England 31.8%
Lady Margaret - Ealing London  England 28.2%
Pinkwell - Hillingdon London  England 26.5%
Norwood Green - Ealing London  England 26.2%

Municipalities

13 largest municipal Sikh populations
Municipality Sikh population Total population Sikh proportion % Largest religious group
2011)[228]
 570,581 16,787,941 3.4% Hindu (81.68%)
2011)[229]
 556,431 1,159,227 48% Hindu (49.36%)
2011)[230]
 465,393 1,618,879 28.75% Hindu (65.96%)
2011)[231]
 185,869 868,929 21.39% Hindu (74.9%)
2011)[232]
 178,336 446,246 39.96% Hindu (57.22%)
Canada Brampton (2021)[233] 163,260 650,165 25.11% Christian (35.72%)
Canada Surrey (2021)[234] 154,415 562,565 27.45% Christian (30.24%)
United Kingdom London (2021)[235] 144,543 8,799,728 1.64%
Christian
(40.66%)
2011)[236]
 138,329 1,055,450 13.11% Hindu (80.78%)
2011)[237]
 100,139 446,246 35.04% Hindu (62.61%)
2011)[238]
 85,983 166,864 51.53% Sikh (51.53%)
Australia Melbourne (2021)[239] 85,286 4,917,750 1.73% Christian (40.14%)
2011)[240]
 82,456 163,397 50.46% Sikh (50.46%)

Historical Demographics

The

decades of conflict
.

Sikhism by country (2001−2021)
Country
 2021 2011 2001 Change (2011-2021) Change (2001-2011)
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % ± +% ± +%
India India[246][247][248][140][249] 20,833,116 1.72% 19,237,391 1.87% 1,595,725 8.29%
Canada Canada[250][251][8] 771,790 2.12% 454,965 1.38% 278,410 0.94% 316,825 69.64% 176,555 63.42%
England England[9][252][253] 520,092 0.92% 420,196 0.79% 327,343 0.63% 99,896 23.77% 92,853 28.37%
United States United States[278][279][280][281] 269,986 0.08% 189,242 0.06% 119,740 0.04% 80,744 42.67% 69,502 58.04%
Australia Australia[215] 210,397 0.83% 72,296 0.34% 17,437 0.09% 138,101 191.02% 54,859 314.61%
New Zealand New Zealand[282][76] 40,908[d] 0.87% 19,191[e] 0.45% 5,199 0.14% 21,717 113.16% 13,992 269.13%
 Norway[283] 4,208 0.08% 2,975 0.06%
 Wales[9][252][253] 4,048 0.13% 2,962 0.10% 2,015 0.07% 1,086 947
   Nepal[74][133] 1,496 0.01% 609 0.00% 887
Fiji Fiji[284] <500? <0.1% 2,540[f] 0.3% 3,067[g] 0.4% -527 -17.18%
 Northern Ireland[285][286][287] 389 0.02% 216 0.01% 219 0.01% 173 -3
 Faroe Islands[63] 3 0.01%

[288][289][140][290][291][250][251][8][252][253][278][215][217][292][h][i][j][k][l][m][n][295][296]

See also

General:

Notes

  1. ^ Total of countries listed above. List last totaled on 11 June 2023.
  2. ^ Sikhs comprise 1.7% (23,786,052) of India's total population of 1,399,179,585 per 2023 estimate by the World Factbook.[157]
  3. 2011 census data for India,[158] 2011 census data for Scotland,[216] 2018 census data for New Zealand,[217] 2020 census data for United States,[221] and 2022 census data for Bihar.[222][223][224]
  4. ^ 2018 census
  5. ^ 2013 census
  6. ^ 2007 census
  7. ^ 1996 census
  8. ^ According to Singh, there were at least 2 lakh Sikhs and Hindus (in a 60:40 ratio) in Afghanistan until the 1970s.[241]
  9. ^ “If you go through the evidence and data from the 1970s to date, you will be able to see how drastically their population has fallen,” says Ehsan Shayegan, an Afghan researcher with Porsesh Research and Studies Organization studying the minority religions of Kabul. “In the 70s, there were around 700,000 Hindus and Sikhs, and now they are estimated to be less than 7,000,” Shayegan says... “In 1992, they were a 220,000-strong community, just before the start of the civil war in Kabul. It was also around the same time that our problems started,” he says.[242]
  10. ^ An investigation by TOLOnews reveals that the Sikh and Hindu population number was 220,000 in the 1980's. That number dropped sharply to 15,000 when the mujahideen was in power during the 1990's and remained at that level during the Taliban regime. It is now estimated that only 1,350 Hindus and Sikhs remain in the country.[244]
  11. ^ In the late 1980s, there were about 500,000 Sikhs scattered across Afghanistan, many here for generations[245]
  12. ^ “There were over two lakh (200,000) Sikhs just in Kabul in the 1980s,” Mr Singh says. Today, there are about 7,000 Sikhs and Hindus throughout the whole of Afghanistan.[243]
  13. ^ Singh explained 800 of his community families still lived in Kabul, Kandahar, Ghazni, Helmand, Nangarhar, Kunduz and Balkh provinces.[293]
  14. ^ Over the years, Afghan Sikhs and the Hindu population have dwindled from nearly 700,000 in the 1970s to less than a few hundred, today. “We are about 70 to 80 families who are left in all over Afghanistan. It used to be many more, but as of today, we are maybe 400 to 450 adults and about 100 to 200 children. So we are not more than a total of 700,” Sutaka said, trying hard to keep a steady tone.[294]

References

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  173. ^ "American Sikhs are targets of bigotry, often due to cultural ignorance". Religion News Service. 10 August 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2023. Scholars and government officials estimate the Sikh American population to number around 500,000.
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  175. ^ "April 2022: Sikh Awareness and Appreciation Month". State of Michigan Office of the Governor. Retrieved 28 March 2023. Sikhism is the fifth largest religion in the world, and, today, there are more than 30 million Sikhs worldwide and an estimated 500,000 Sikh Americans;
  176. ^ "Want to know about Sikhism?". WUWM. 23 May 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2023. There are more than 500,000 Sikhs in the United States.
  177. ^ "A Brief Introduction to Sikhism". WTTW. 5 May 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2023. Despite its relatively recent arrival in Chicago, Sikhism is the world's fifth-largest religion, with 25 to 30 million adherents around the globe and an estimated 500,000 in America today.
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  182. U.S. Census Bureau estimated the adult Sikh American population at 78,000 in 2008.[165] The Pew Research Center estimated the Sikh American adult population to be 140,000 and the total population at 200,000 in 2012 while the World Religion Database at Boston University estimated the American Sikh population to be at 280,000 in 2012.[166][167] Sikh organizations like the Sikh Coalition and American Sikh Congressional Caucus estimate the Sikh American population to be as high as 1,000,000, but do not provide any sources for these figures;[168][169][170] 500,000 nevertheless remains the most cited Sikh American population size in news media.[171][178] With 1% of Asian Americans being Sikh, and 90.7% of Sikh Americans being Asian American, the American Sikh population can be estimated around 280,000 in 2021.[179][180][181]
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  184. ^ "Around 45,000 Sikhs vote in Referendum in Italy". Daily Pakistan. That it had chosen the city of Brixia because Italy had over 200,000 Sikhs living in it with a majority in Brescia
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  186. ^ "Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome". The Nation. About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy.
  187. ^ "Thousands of Sikhs attend parade in Italy". Bol News. Italy has over 200,000 Sikhs who are active members of the Italian population, which is why this city was chosen
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  221. 2020 census.[219] In the 2021 Canadian census, 194,640 Canadians declared Sikh as their ethnicity while 771,790 Canadians declared Sikh as their religion,[220]
    indicating that the Sikh American population may be around 280,329, or 0.08% of the total population. Similarly, the Sikh American populations can be estimated using census data.
  222. ^ Joy, Shemin. "Caste survey in Bihar: OBCs, EBCs make up 63.13% of population; Gen Category 15.52%". Deccan Herald.
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  227. ^ Note: As of 2021, Canadian electoral districts are the smallest sub-districts available, they are large neighbourhoods in comparison to English wards that are smaller in population. There is no smaller neighbourhood statistics in Canada which explains the lack of Canadian sub-districts in table - as smaller neighbourhoods are more likely to have larger presence of minorities. For data clarity, all available neighbourhood sub-district data (large or small) have been merged. English ward details: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/articles/buildacustomareaprofile/2023-01-17 Canadian electoral district details: https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E
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  230. ^ "Ludhiana Population 2023". Retrieved 19 June 2023.
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  266. ^ "S0201 SELECTED POPULATION PROFILE IN THE UNITED STATES Bangladeshi alone". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
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  268. ^ "S0201 SELECTED POPULATION PROFILE IN THE UNITED STATES Nepalese alone". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
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    2001, Sikh organizations estimated the British Sikh population to be as high as 750,000, but the 2001 census found the British Sikh population to be only 336,149.[257][258][253][259][260][261] Thus, population figures by Sikh organizations are likely overestimates. A comprehensive 2012 survey by the Pew Research Center estimated that 1% of Asian Americans and 5% of Indian Americans are Sikhs,[262] which would yield a Sikh population of approximately 200,000 in 2012 and 290,000 in 2021.[263][264]
    The most comprehensive way to estimate the Sikh American population is by comparing to the Punjabi American population.
    English Sikhs, and 210,400 Sikh Australians in 2021.[275][276][277]
    Thus, the Sikh population was about 62.65% of the Punjabi population in those three countries combined. Using this ratio, the American Sikh population can be estimated at 269,986 in 2021. This ratio can also be used to estimate Sikh populations of American states, counties, and communities using population data of Punjabi speakers.
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  291. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (29 March 2019). "Data tables, 1991 Census R9101 - Population by Religion (29), Showing Age Groups (13) Education (20% Data) - Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
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