Occupational lung disease

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
(Redirected from
Silo-filler's disease
)

Occupational lung diseases comprise a broad group of diseases, including

immunological response to an exposure to a variety of dusts, chemicals, proteins or organisms. Occupational cases of interstitial lung disease may be misdiagnosed as COPD, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, or a myriad of other diseases; leading to a delay in identification of the causative agent.[3][4]

Types

Asthma

Main article: Occupational asthma

latex gloves, or who work in an indoor office environment are at higher risk for occupational asthma than the average US worker. Approximately 2 million people in the US have occupational asthma.[3]

Bronchiolitis obliterans

Main article: Bronchiolitis obliterans

Bronchiolitis obliterans, also known as constrictive bronchiolitis or obliterative bronchiolitis is a respiratory disease caused by injury to the smallest airways, called bronchioles. It has been reported to occur from exposure to inhaled toxins and gases including sulfur mustard gas, nitrogen oxides, diacetyl (used in many food and beverage flavorings), 2,3-pentanedione, fly ash and fiberglass.[5]

COPD

Main article: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

silica and coal dust. People who work in mining, construction, manufacturing (specifically textiles, rubber, plastic, and leather), building, and utilities are at higher risk for COPD than the average US worker.[3]

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Main article: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP; also called allergic alveolitis, bagpipe lung, or extrinsic allergic alveolitis, EAA) is an inflammation of the alveoli within the lung caused by hypersensitivity to inhaled organic dusts.[6]

Lung cancer

Main article: Lung cancer

Numerous categories of ionizing radiation, chemicals and mixtures, occupational exposures, metals, dust and fibers have been linked to occurrence of lung cancer.[7]

Mesothelioma

Main article: Mesothelioma

pleura, the lining of the lungs. Mesothelioma is caused by exposure to asbestos.[3]

Pneumoconiosis

Main article: Pneumoconiosis

coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP), and asbestosis. Other examples include minerals (such kaolin, talc, mica), beryllium lung disease, hard metal disease and silicon carbide pneumoconiosis.[8]

Environmental exposure

Arsenic

copper smelting.[3]

Asbestos

pleural plaques, and non-mesothelioma lung cancer. Smoking greatly increases the lung cancer risk of asbestos exposure.[3]

Residents and workers of asbestos mining centers such as the town of Asbest, Russia experience dangerous exposure to asbestos and asbestos dust.[9]

BCME

small cell lung cancer in workers who have been exposed.[3][10] Exposure can occur via direct manufacture of BCME or its presence as a byproduct.[3]

Beryllium

Beryllium is classified as an IARC Group 1 carcinogen and can also cause interstitial lung disease. Manufacturing workers, dental technicians, machinists, jewelers, plumbers, electricians, precious metal reclamation workers, and welders are at risk for beryllium exposure.[3]

Cadmium

alloying.[3]

Chromium

Chromium is classified as an IARC Group 1 carcinogen and is linked to lung cancer. Workers can be exposed to chromium via welding, steel manufacturing, pigment/dye manufacturing, and electroplating.[3]

Coal dust

Exposure to

coalworker's pneumoconiosis, also called "black lung disease", is an interstitial lung disease caused by long-term exposure (over 10 years) to coal dust. Symptoms include shortness of breath and lowered pulmonary function. It can be fatal when advanced. Between 1970 and 1974, prevalence of CWP among US coal miners who had worked over 25 years was 32%; the same group saw a prevalence of 9% in 2005–2006. It can also exacerbate or cause COPD.[3]

Diesel exhaust

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and other known carcinogens.[3]

Flock

Flocking is the technique of adding small pieces of nylon or other material to a backing, usually a textile, to create a contrasting texture. Inhalation of flock can cause flock worker's lung.[3]

Indium lung

Main article: Indium lung

Indium lung is an interstitial lung disease caused by occupational exposure to indium tin oxide.[4]

Nanoparticles

The high surface area to volume ratio of

nanoparticles may make them an inhalation hazard for workers exposed to them. This is a topic of ongoing research as of 2015.[3]

Nickel

Nickel is classified by the IARC as a Group 1 carcinogen; nickel compound exposure is associated with nasal cancer as well as lung cancer. Workers may be exposed to nickel in machining/grinding industry, nickel extraction/production, welding, and electroplating.[3]

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

environmental tobacco smoke.[3]

Silica

Exposure to silica can cause

silica, most commonly in the form of quartz or cristobalite. Short-term exposures of large amounts of silica or long-term (10 years or more) exposure of lower levels of silica can cause silicosis. In 1968, more than 1060 US workers died of silicosis; this number fell to 170 by 2005.[3]

Besides causing

Group 1 carcinogen) by the IARC. Exposure is common for people working in tunneling, quarrying, construction, sandblasting, roadway repair, mining, and foundry work.[3]

Silo-filler's disease

Silo-filler's disease (not to be confused with farmer's lung, associated with inhalation of biologic dusts) results from inhalation of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas from fresh silage. The presentation is variable depending on level of exposure. Often the gas penetrates throughout the lung and if severe can manifest as a form of acute respiratory distress syndrome, such as significant pulmonary edema, hyalinized alveolar membranes, congestion and other respiratory illnesses.[11][12]

Tobacco smoke

Main article:
Passive smoke

Tobacco smoke is a known carcinogen. Workers in the hospitality industry may be exposed to tobacco smoke in the workplace, especially in environments like casinos and bars/restaurants.[3]

Infectious exposure

Influenza

Main article:
pandemic influenza, anyone in a close environment is at risk, including those in an office environment.[3]

Tuberculosis

Main article:
prison guards are at high risk for occupational exposure to tuberculosis, since they work with populations with high rates of the disease.[3]

Others

World Trade Center lung

Main article:
Ground Zero of the September 11 attacks in 2001. These diseases include asthma, asthmatic bronchitis, terminal airways disease, sarcoidosis, and acute eosinophilic pneumonia.[4]

Examples

References

  1. PMID 10666432
    .
  2. PMID 28089118
    .
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v "Respiratory Diseases: Occupational Risks". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 21 December 2012. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
  4. ^
    PMID 23153608
    .
  5. PMID 24806161
    .
  6. PMID 22679012
    .
  7. PMID 23153609
    .
  8. ISBN 978-1-4557-3383-5
    .
  9. ^ Higgins, Andrew (7 April 2019). "In Asbest, Russia, Making Asbestos Great Again". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
  10. ^ "Bis(chloromethyl)ether (BCME) (CASRN 542-88-1)". IRIS (Integrated Risk Information System). EPA. 31 October 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  11. PMID 348288.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  12. PMID 1887117
    .
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