Silodosin

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Silodosin
Clinical data
Trade namesUrief, Rapaflo, Silodyx, others
Other namesKAD-3213, KMD-3213
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa609002
Routes of
administration		By mouth
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability32%
Protein binding96.6%
MetabolismLiver glucuronidation (UGT2B7-mediated); also minor CYP3A4 involvement
Elimination half-life13±8 hours[citation needed]
Excretion33.5% Kidney, 54.9% fecal
Identifiers
  • 1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-5-[(2R)-({2-[2-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenoxy]ethyl}amino)propyl]indoline-7-carboxamide
JSmol)
  • FC(F)(F)COc3ccccc3OCCN[C@H](C)Cc1cc2c(c(c1)C(=O)N)N(CC2)CCCO
  • InChI=1S/C25H32F3N3O4/c1-17(30-8-12-34-21-5-2-3-6-22(21)35-16-25(26,27)28)13-18-14-19-7-10-31(9-4-11-32)23(19)20(15-18)24(29)33/h2-3,5-6,14-15,17,30,32H,4,7-13,16H2,1H3,(H2,29,33)/t17-/m1/s1 checkY
  • Key:PNCPYILNMDWPEY-QGZVFWFLSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Silodosin, sold under the brand name Urief among others, is a medication for the symptomatic treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.[4][5] It acts as an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist.[4][5]

The most common side effect is a reduction in the amount of semen released during ejaculation.[5]

Medical uses

Silodosin is

indicated for the treatment of the signs and symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia.[4][5][7]

Contraindications

Silodosin is contraindicated for people with renal impairment or severe hepatic impairment.[4]

According to European labels, silodosin has no contraindications apart from known

paxlovid, a drug used in treating COVID-19.[10]

Side effects

The most common adverse effect is loss of seminal emission. This seems to be caused by silodosin's high selectivity for α1A receptors.[8][11]

Intra operative floppy iris syndrome occurs in some people taking alpha adrenoreceptor antagonists and may lead to complications during cataract surgery.[5] Intra operative floppy iris syndrome is a condition that makes the iris floppy.[5]

Other common adverse effects (in more than 1% of patients) are dizziness,

cataract extractions.[8][7]
These side effects are similar to those of other α1 antagonists.

Interactions

Combining silodosin with strong inhibitors of the liver enzyme CYP3A4, such as ketoconazole, significantly increases its concentrations in the blood plasma and its area under the curve (AUC). Less potent CYP3A4 inhibitors such as diltiazem have a less pronounced effect on this parameters, which is not considered clinically significant. Inhibitors and inducers of the enzyme UGT2B7, alcohol dehydrogenases, and aldehyde dehydrogenases, as well as the transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp), may also influence silodosin concentrations in the body. Digoxin, which is transported by P-gp, is not affected by silodosin; this means that silodosin does not significantly inhibit or induce P-gp.[8][7]

No relevant interactions with

antihypertensive drugs or with PDE5 inhibitors have been found in studies; although combination with other α1-antagonists is not well studied.[8][7]

Pharmacology

Mechanism of action

Silodosin, is an alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonist.[5] It works by blocking receptors called alpha1A adrenoreceptors in the prostate gland, the bladder and the urethra (the tube that leads from the bladder to the outside of the body).[5] When these receptors are activated, they cause the muscles controlling the flow of urine to contract.[5] By blocking these receptors, silodosin allows these muscles to relax, making it easier to pass urine and relieving the symptoms of BPH.[5]

Silodosin has high affinity for the α1A adrenergic receptor in the prostate, the bladder, and the prostatic urethra. By this mechanism it relaxes the smooth muscle in these organs, easing urinary flow and other symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia.[4]

Pharmacokinetics

The absolute

affinity of the parent substance. 91% of the glucuronide are bound to plasma proteins. The enzyme mainly responsible for the formation of the glucuronide is UGT2B7. Other enzymes involved in the metabolism are alcohol dehydrogenases, aldehyde dehydrogenases and CYP3A4.[5][8]

Silodosin is almost completely excreted in the form of metabolites; 33.5% via the urine and 54.9% via the feces. The biological half-life of silodosin is 11 hours on average, and that of the glucuronide is 18 hours or 24 hours. (Sources are contradictory on this.)[8][7]

  • Silodosin glucuronide
    Silodosin glucuronide
  • KMD-3293, the other main metabolite
    KMD-3293, the other main metabolite

History

Silodosin received its first marketing approval in Japan in May 2006,

Kissei Pharmaceutical and Daiichi Sankyo
.

Kissei licensed the US, Canadian, and Mexican rights for silodosin to

Watson Pharmaceuticals (now Allergan) in 2004.[13] AbbVie absorbed Allergan in 2019. The FDA and Health Canada approved silodosin under the brand name Rapaflo in October 2008,[14][15] and January 2011,[3]
respectively.

Society and culture

Brand names

Other brand names include Urorec,[6] Niksol, Silorel, SiloSoft, Rapilif, Sildoo, Silodal Silofast, Alphacept, Thrupas, and Flopadex.[citation needed]

Research

Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonists are being investigated as a means to male birth control due to their ability to inhibit ejaculation but not orgasm.[11] While silodosin was completely efficacious in preventing the release of semen in all subjects, 12 out of the 15 participants reported mild discomfort upon orgasm.[11] The men also reported the psychosexual side effect of being strongly dissatisfied by their lack of ejaculation.[11]

References

  1. ^ "Prescription medicines: registration of new chemical entities in Australia, 2017". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 21 June 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  2. ^ "Prescription medicines and biologicals: TGA annual summary 2017". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 21 June 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
  3. ^ a b "Summary Basis of Decision - Rapaflo". Health Canada. 4 May 2011. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
  4. ^ a b c d e f "Rapaflo- silodosin capsule". DailyMed. 1 December 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Silodyx EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 2010-01-10. Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
  6. ^ a b "Urorec EPAR". European Medicines Agency. 2019-11-21.
  7. ^ a b c d e f "Urorec: EPAR – Product Information" (PDF). European Medicines Agency. 2019-11-21.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g Haberfeld, H, ed. (2019). Austria-Codex (in German). Vienna: Österreichischer Apothekerverlag. Urorec 4 mg-Hartkapseln.
  9. ISBN 978-3-7741-9846-3
    .
  10. ^ Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers: Emergency Use Authorization for Paxlovid (Report). Pfizer. February 2023. p. 7.
  11. ^
    PMID 19536124
    .
  12. ^ "Kissei Acquired Marketing Approval for Urief Capsule, a Novel Drug for Dysuria associated with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia". Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Press release). 23 January 2006. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  13. ^ "Watson Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Announces Agreement With Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. For Novel Urology Drug Candidate". BioSpace. 22 April 2004. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  14. ^ "Drug Approval Package: Rapaflo (Silodosin) NDA #022206". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 14 November 2008. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  15. ^ "Drugs.com, Watson Announces Silodosin NDA Accepted for Filing by FDA for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia". Retrieved 2008-02-13.

Further reading

  • Kawabe K, Yoshida M, Homma Y (November 2006). "Silodosin, a new alpha1A-adrenoceptor-selective antagonist for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia: results of a phase III randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study in Japanese men". BJU International. 98 (5): 1019–24.
    S2CID 24649263
    .
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