Silver azide
Names | |
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IUPAC name
Silver(I) azide
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Other names
Argentous azide
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Identifiers | |
3D model (
JSmol ) |
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ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard
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100.034.173 |
PubChem CID
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
AgN3 | |
Molar mass | 149.888 g/mol |
Appearance | colorless crystals |
Density | 4.42 g/cm3 |
Melting point | 250 °C (482 °F; 523 K) explosive |
Boiling point | decomposes |
Solubility in other solvents | 2.0×10−8 g/L |
Structure | |
Ibam, No 72 | |
Hazards | |
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards
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Very toxic, explosive |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Silver azide is the
primary explosive
.
Structure and chemistry
Silver azide can be prepared by treating an
aqueous solution of silver nitrate with sodium azide.[2] The silver azide precipitates as a white solid, leaving sodium nitrate
in solution.
square planar Ag+ coordinated by four azide ligands. Correspondingly, each end of each azide ligand is connected to a pair of Ag+ centers. The structure consists of two-dimensional AgN3 layers stacked one on top of the other, with weaker Ag–N bonds between layers. The coordination of Ag+ can alternatively be described as highly distorted 4 + 2 octahedral, the two more distant nitrogen atoms being part of the layers above and below.[3]
Part of a layer | Layer stacking | 4 + 2 coordination of Ag+ | 2 + 1 coordination of N in N−3 |
In its most characteristic reaction, the solid decomposes explosively, releasing nitrogen gas:
- 2 AgN3(s) → 3 N2(g) + 2 Ag(s)
The first step in this decomposition is the production of free electrons and azide radicals; thus the reaction rate is increased by the addition of
lead azide.[6]
Safety
AgN3, like most heavy
primary explosive. Decomposition can be triggered by exposure to ultraviolet light or by impact.[2] Ceric ammonium nitrate [NH4]2[Ce(NO3)6] is used as an oxidising agent to destroy AgN3 in spills.[5]
See also
References
- .
- ^ ISBN 978-3-642-28435-9.[1]
- PMID 17257034.)
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ISBN 978-0-444-82437-0.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-56670-567-7.
- ISBN 978-0-471-96562-6.