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The Simpsons
Snowball II, Santa's Little Helper
First appearance"Good Night" (April 19, 1987; 37 years ago (1987-04-19))
Created byMatt Groening
Family members

The Simpson family are the main fictional characters featured in the animated television series The Simpsons. The Simpsons are a nuclear family consisting of married couple Homer and Marge and their three children, Bart, Lisa, and Maggie. They live at 742 Evergreen Terrace in the fictional town of Springfield, United States, and they were created by cartoonist Matt Groening, who conceived the characters after his own family members, substituting "Bart" for his own name. The family debuted on Fox on April 19, 1987, in The Tracey Ullman Show short "Good Night" and were later spun off into their own series, which debuted on Fox in the U.S. on December 17, 1989, and started airing in Winter 1989.

Alongside the five main family members, there are a number of other major and minor characters in their family. The most commonly recurring characters are Homer's father

Patty and Selma Bouvier; and the family's two pets, Santa's Little Helper and Snowball V. Other family members include Homer's mother Mona Simpson, Homer's half-brother Herbert Powell, Marge's mother Jacqueline Bouvier
, and other minor relatives.

Concept and origins

Creation

Groening conceived of the idea for the Simpsons in the lobby of James L. Brooks's office. Brooks had asked Groening to pitch an idea for a series of animated shorts, which Groening initially intended to present as his Life in Hell series. However, when Groening realized that animating Life in Hell would require the rescinding of publication rights for his life's work, he chose another approach and formulated his version of a dysfunctional family.[1] He named the characters after his own family members – his father Homer, his mother Margaret, and his younger sisters Lisa and Maggie. He substituted "Bart", an anagram of "brat", for his own name,[2] and modeled the character after his older brother, Mark.[3][4]

The five family members were given simple designs so that their facial emotions could easily be changed with almost no effort

Good Night".[7] In 1989, the shorts were adapted into The Simpsons, a half-hour series airing on the Fox Broadcasting Company. The Simpson family remained the main characters on this new show.[8]

Casting

Dan Castellaneta, Julie Kavner, Nancy Cartwright, and Yeardley Smith all began voicing their characters on The Tracey Ullman Show. Nancy Cartwright was the only one of the group who had been trained to be a voice actor[9] while Castellaneta had done some voice over work in Chicago. Castellaneta and Kavner had been part of the regular cast of The Tracey Ullman Show and voices were needed for the shorts, so the producers decided to ask them to voice Homer and Marge rather than hire more actors.[10][11] The producers decided to hold casting for the roles of Bart and Lisa. Yeardley Smith had initially been asked to audition for the role of Bart, but casting director Bonita Pietila believed her voice was too high. Smith later recalled, "I always sounded too much like a girl. I read two lines as Bart and they said, 'Thanks for coming!'"[12] Smith was given the role of Lisa instead.[13] On March 13, 1987, Nancy Cartwright went in to audition for the role of Lisa. After arriving at the audition, she found that Lisa was simply described as the "middle child" and at the time did not have much personality. Cartwright became more interested in the role of Bart who she found more fascinating because he was described as "devious, underachieving, school-hating, irreverent, [and] clever."[14] Matt Groening let her try out for the part instead, and upon hearing her read, gave her the job on the spot.[15]

The Simpson family

The Simpsons are a family who live at

housewife and mother. They have three children: Bart, a ten-year-old troublemaker; Lisa, an eight-year-old child prodigy; and Maggie, a toddler who rarely speaks, but communicates by sucking on a pacifier. The family owns a dog, Santa's Little Helper, and a cat, Snowball II. Both pets have had starring roles in several seasons. Despite the passing of yearly milestones such as holidays or birthdays, the Simpsons do not physically age and still appear as they did at the end of the 1980s. Although the family is dysfunctional, many episodes examine their relationships and bonds with each other and they are often shown to care about one another.[17]

Homer Simpson

Main article: Homer Simpson

Homer Jay Simpson (voiced by

the clown Krusty
would be the one who finds he has a lost daughter.

Marge Simpson

Main article: Marge Simpson

Marjorie Jacqueline "Marge" Simpson (née Bouvier, voiced by

Primetime Emmy Award in 1992 for voicing Marge in the episode "I Married Marge".[22] For her performance in The Simpsons Movie, Kavner received a nomination for "Best Voice Acting in an Animated Feature" at the 2007 Annie Awards, but lost to Ian Holm in Ratatouille.[23][24] Kavner's emotional performance in the movie got positive reviews and one critic said she "gave what must be the most heartfelt performance ever".[25] Part of Kavner's contract says that she will never have to promote The Simpsons on video because she does not want to "destroy the illusion for children".[26] In 2008, CityNews published an article entitled "Top 10 Greatest TV Moms of All Time", and placed Marge in eighth spot.[27]

Bart Simpson

Main article: Bart Simpson

Bartholomew Jojo "Bart" Simpson (voiced by

television commercials for Nestlé's Butterfinger candy bars from 1990 to 2001, with the slogan "Nobody better lay a finger on my Butterfinger!"[35]

Lisa Simpson

Main article: Lisa Simpson

Lisa Marie Simpson (voiced by

the seventh season, won both an Environmental Media Award for "Best Television Episodic Comedy"[42] and a Genesis Award for "Best Television Comedy Series, Ongoing Commitment".[43] In Japan, the broadcasters of the series found they were able to turn the apparent viewer dislike of the series around by focusing marketing attention on Lisa. Lisa's well-intended but ill-fated struggles to be a voice of reason and a force of good in her family and city struck a chord with the Japanese.[44]

Maggie Simpson

Main article: Maggie Simpson

Margaret Evelyn Lenny "Maggie" Simpson is the youngest of the five main family members and is almost always seen as a baby. She has blonde spiked hair like Lisa. Her first word was "daddy", shown at one point after Homer tucks her in. She is almost 2 years old and still uses a pacifier despite teething, although this was mentioned in a Treehouse of Horror episode ("Starship Poopers") and is not considered canon. She was quite prominent in the Tracey Ullman Show shorts, often being featured alongside Bart and Lisa but has since become the least seen and heard of the five main Simpsons. It has been revealed that Maggie has outstanding artistic and academic abilities, much like her sister Lisa. The episodes taking place in the future often show her as some kind of businesswoman.[45]

Maggie rarely speaks, but has been voiced by several different actors including Jodie Foster, Elizabeth Taylor,[45] James Earl Jones,[46] Harry Shearer (who used his Kang voice) in "Starship Poopers",[47] Yeardley Smith,[48] and Nancy Cartwright.[49]

Abe Simpson

Main article: Grampa Simpson

Abraham Jebediah "Abe" Simpson II (better known simply as Grampa, voiced by Dan Castellaneta) is the patriarch of the Simpson family and the father of Homer. He is a World War II veteran who was later sent to the Springfield Retirement Castle by Homer. He is known for his borderline senility, his long rambling (and probably apocryphal) stories and his love of Matlock. He shares his name with one of Matt Groening's relatives, in this case his grandfather. However, Groening says he refused to name him, leaving it to other writers to choose a name. By coincidence, the writers chose the name Abraham.[50]

Mona Simpson

Main article: Mona Simpson (The Simpsons)

Mona Penelope Simpson (née Olsen, voiced by

D'oh-in in the Wind", this time voiced by Tress MacNeille.[54]

Extended Simpson family

  • Herbert "Herb" Powell (voiced by
    the next season in "Brother, Can You Spare Two Dimes?". Now broke and homeless, he briefly settled in the Simpson household, despite his intense continuing antipathy toward Homer. Homer loaned Herb $2000, which he used to build an invention that translated infantile speech into comprehensible English, based on observations he made of Maggie. He proceeded to mass-produce his new product and regained his fortune. In gratitude, he bought gifts for each member of the family and paid Homer back with his forgiveness.[57] Homer's "seldom seen half-brother"[58] has had only one brief speaking part since this episode: DeVito reprised his role for the Season 24 episode "The Changing of the Guardian", in which Powell's answering machine message is heard: 'Hi, you've reached Herb Powell. I'm poor again.'[59][non-primary source needed
    ]
  • Abbey (voiced by Dan Castellaneta) – Abbey is Abe's illegitimate daughter and Homer's half-sister from a relationship he had with a British woman named Edwina during World War II.[60]
  • Chet Simpson (voiced by Dan Castellaneta[61]) – Chet is Bart, Lisa, Maggie's great-uncle who owns an unsuccessful shrimp company.[62]
  • Dr. Simpson (voiced by Tress MacNeille[54]) – Dr. Simpson is the chief of complicated surgeries at the invasive care unit; she is first seen in "Lisa the Simpson".[62] She is the one who reassures Lisa that she won't suffer the defective Simpson Gene because of her sex and also reveals that only male members are affected by it. Dr. Simpson resembles Lisa, minus the spikes.
  • Stanley Simpson (voiced by Dan Castellaneta[61]) – Stanley is the Simpson children's second cousin who shoots birds at the airport.[62]
  • Uncle Tyrone Simpson (voiced by
    Catch 'Em If You Can".[63]
  • Great-Aunt Hortense Simpson – Great-Aunt Hortense is the one who died before "
    Ann Landers. In a continuity error, Great-Aunt Hortense appeared on Bart's journey to Heaven in "Bart Gets Hit by a Car
    ".
  • A group of unnamed relatives show up in the episode "Lisa the Simpson", when Homer tries to prove to Lisa that not all Simpsons are failures.[62] In the end, only Dr. Simpson and three other female members proved successful.
  • Hugo Simpson (voiced by Nancy Cartwright) – Hugo is Bart's conjoined twin from the "Treehouse of Horror VII" segment "The Thing and I". He and Bart were separated as babies by Dr. Hibbert and was deemed "evil". To hide the secret, Marge and Homer chained Hugo in the attic and fed him fish heads once a week. Later, Bart goes up to the attic and Hugo escapes, wanting to sew him and Bart back together. Dr. Hibbert managed to catch Hugo, but notices that the surgical scar is on the wrong side, meaning Bart is the evil twin. As a result, Hugo is released while Bart is chained in the attic. Hugo resembles Bart, but with ratty clothes, messy hair, and malformed teeth. Since he is a Treehouse of Horror character, he does not exist in the main episode continuity.
  • Mabel Simpson (voiced by Julie Kavner) – Mabel is an ancestor of the Simpson family who was part of the Underground Railroad. She was married to Hiram before divorcing him and fleeing to Canada to marry Virgil. She kept the Simpson surname.
    • Ex-husband: Hiram Simpson (voiced by Dan Castellaneta) – Hiram is a distant relative of the Simpson family who was bribed with a new pair of shoes into revealing Virgil's whereabouts. He is the parent of Eliza Simpson.
  • Virgil (voiced by Wren T. Brown) – Virgil, later Virgil Simpson, is an enslaved African-American owned by Mr. Burns's father, Colonel Burns, and rescued by Eliza. He was betrayed by Hiram but escaped with Mabel, whom he later married, from whom the Simpson family are descended.
  • Eliza Simpson (voiced by Yeardley Smith) – Eliza Simpson is a distant relative of the Simpson family and daughter of Mabel and Hiram. She was part of the Underground Railroad with her mother and initially helped Virgil evade capture before giving him up to Wainwright Burns. In later life, she is revealed to have married Milford Van Houten, being the direct ancestor of the Van Houten family.
  • Abraham Simpson – The son of Mabel and Virgil, half-brother of Eliza, and great-grandfather of Grampa Simpson.
  • Orville J. Simpson and Yuma Hickman – Grampa's parents who both appear briefly in "Much Apu About Nothing" when Grampa tells the story of how his family emigrated to America.[64] In the Season 25 episode "The Winter of His Content", Homer reveals that Abe's father is alive, but Abe ignores him.[65]
  • "Old Tut" Simpson - Grampa's paternal grandfather who appears briefly in A Father's Watch, where he is shown strangling his son for being a disappointment to him in his occupation of child discipline.
  • Cyrus Simpson (voiced by
    Pacific Theater of Operations during a kamikaze raid. He never left and has 15 wives.[66]
  • Rita LaFleur (voiced by Anika Noni Rose) – Rita is the second wife of Abraham Simpson and a jazz recording artist.[67][68] She was a singer at Spiro's Restaurant and met Abe when he was a waiter. They married[69] and LaFleur left the restaurant, wishing to become a successful singer. She was invited to tour in Europe, but Homer suffered a head injury and Abraham realized that Homer was defenseless and wouldn't survive in Europe, so he stayed behind with him while Rita went to Europe, and the two never saw each other again. It was revealed that she later became a heroin addict which ended up ruining her singing career. In "Gone Abie Gone", Rita reunited with Abraham and they played piano.[70] It was unknown why they were not together.[71][72]
  • Amber Simpson (voiced by Pamela Hayden) – Amber was the Vegas ex-wife of both Homer and Abe Simpson from the
    Las Vegas for the weekend, get drunk and unknowingly marry two women.[73] Amber reappears in "Brawl in the Family", where the Simpson family trick her into marrying Grampa, and in the process forsake all other spouses. Amber is horrified at the deception and runs away back to Vegas, much to Grampa's disappointment at losing another wife.[74] In "Jazzy and the Pussycats", the Simpsons attend Homer's ex-wife and former stepmother's funeral after Amber's death from a drug overdose.[75]
  • Bill Simpson is one of Abe's brothers and one of those who are deceased. Bill is apparently a
    Million-Dollar Abie as a member of the Communist Party along with Joseph Stalin and many others.[76]
  • Great Uncle Boris – Boris is Homer's great-uncle who left his great-nephew his country home in the episode "Homer Loves Flanders".
  • Mother Shabubu/Cousin Frank/Francine – Cousin Francine is Homer's cousin and Abraham's niece who was mentioned in the episode "Lisa's First Word".

The Bouvier family

Patty and Selma Bouvier

Main article: Patty and Selma

Patricia Maleficent "Patty" and Selma Bouvier (both voiced by

Department of Motor Vehicles, and possess a strong dislike for their brother-in-law, Homer. Selma is the elder by two minutes, possesses a strong desire for family, and has been married and divorced six times, and also sought to have a child on numerous occasions despite her age. Her sister, Patty, is one of the show's few openly gay (or bisexual, as she once commented "there go the last remaining threads of my heterosexuality") recurring characters[78] although for the most part she has avoided relationships. Kavner voices them as characters "who suck the life out of everything".[79] Kavner makes Patty's voice more masculine and a lower register, while Selma's voice is a little sweeter.[80] The origins of their names are unknown – Matt Groening has a sister named Patty, but unlike the other Simpson relatives, this has not been explicitly revealed.[81]

Jacqueline Bouvier

Jacqueline Ingrid Bouvier (née Gurney, voiced by

Abe Simpson once battled for her affections; she became engaged to Burns, but eventually decided not to marry either man,[83]
although she and Abe still ran away together at the end of the episode.

Although it seems that she disapproves of Marge's marriage to Homer, stating that he is never to address her as "Mom",[84] she does tolerate Homer much more than her elder daughters, Patty and Selma. In "Moe Letter Blues", she admits that Patty and Selma are really to blame for ruining her birthday party, not Homer; also Jacqueline never has been shown to cause trouble in Homer and Marge's marriage, unlike her daughters. Jacqueline has celebrated her 80th birthday twice, in "Moe Letter Blues" and again in "Puffless".

Like all Bouvier women, she is voiced by Kavner, and has large, unique hair, resembling Marge's, only a light gray color due to her old age. In her younger days she smoked heavily but has quit, although she still

First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis
, whose maiden name was Bouvier. Out of all the characters on the show, Jacqueline has the tallest hair.

Clancy Bouvier

Clarence "Clancy" Bouvier (voiced by

Artie Ziff
was really her date remarked that Homer "took years off my life". This provoked Marge to go back and go out with Homer.

In "Fear of Flying" it was revealed that he was one of the earliest male flight attendants; Marge initially believed he was a heroic pilot and was traumatized when she discovered he was a flight attendant instead. According to Marge in "Bart the Lover" after Clancy got out of the Navy, he had trouble with his cursing that nearly cost him a job as a baby photographer, but Jacqueline was able to curtail that by having him donate money to the swear jar.

In the episode "Puffless", it is revealed that he died of lung cancer,[86] which provoked Patty and Selma to abstain from smoking cigarettes. While Clancy does not appear with the rest of the Bouvier family in "I Married Marge", implying he was deceased before Homer and Marge were married, he is shown to be still alive when Bart and Lisa were toddlers in the episode "Walking Big & Tall",[87] but he died before Maggie was born. Marge was particularly upset by her father's death, as Homer had to buy her a white noise machine to try and get her to deal with it. In "Homer's Adventures Through the Windshield Glass", it is revealed that Clancy left Marge a inheritance in which she would be paid $1,000 per month. This was because it did not trust Homer to provide for her. When he died, Clancy went to hell for a check forging scheme.

In "Treehouse of Horror III", he was eaten at King Homer and Marge's wedding by the former. He also appeared as a ghost in "Treehouse of Horror XXVI".

Like all the Bouvier family, his voice has become croaky through chain-smoking for a number of years. He also shares the same grunt as

Patty and Selma
, both of whom resemble younger female versions of him, while Marge more resembles her mother.

Ling Bouvier

Further information: List of recurring The Simpsons characters § Ling Bouvier

Ling Bouvier (voiced by Nancy Cartwright) is Selma Bouvier's adopted daughter. She shares Selma's laugh. In "Goo Goo Gai Pan", Selma discovers that she has reached menopause and adopts Ling in China, after lying that she is married to Homer, to fool the Chinese authorities into thinking that Ling would be part of a traditional family as opposed to being raised by a single mother. The authorities briefly reclaim Ling, but the adoption agent Ms. Woo relates to her experiences of her childhood with her single mother and allows Selma to adopt Ling.[88] Ling has since become a recurring character and has appeared in several episodes.[89] She seems to get along well with her cousin Maggie. Since Patty told Selma to give up smoking once the baby came home, Selma claimed she would switch to chewing tobacco, although it is shown she has not followed through with this.

Selma's husbands

Selma has married six times, resulting in the lengthy last name Bouvier-Terwilliger-Hutz-McClure-Stu-Simpson-D'Amico.

Extended Bouvier family

  • Gladys Gurney (voiced by Julie Kavner[77]) – Gladys is Marge's spinster aunt and the sister of Jacqueline. Her death was noted in the episode "Selma's Choice", in which she died of a bowel obstruction. Her final words to Patty and Selma during a video will is a plea that they not end their lives old and alone like herself, prompting Selma to become more intent on having a family.[90]
  • Great-Uncle Hubert – Great Uncle Hubert is Bart, Lisa, and Maggie's paternal great uncle who died in the short "The Funeral". He is only mentioned once. At the funeral, Bart views his great uncle's corpse, which makes Bart turn green and faint. Later, Bart is seen running away up a hill with Lisa and Maggie, resulting in Homer and Marge scolding them in the car.
  • Dot – Dot is the cousin of Marge, Patty and Selma. She gave Selma a video camera at her wedding to Sideshow Bob. This is the only time she is mentioned.
  • Lou Gurney – Lou is the uncle of
    Hans Moleman. While Marge is identifying the body, Homer
    starts a daycare center for local children.
  • Uncle Arthur Bouvier – Uncle Arthur is the uncle of Bart, Lisa and Maggie, mentioned by Marge in "The Boy Who Knew Too Much". According to Marge, Arthur suffered from auditory hallucinations and went on a homicidal spree before 75 federal marshals brought him down. Otherwise, he is never mentioned and has never made an appearance.
  • Meaux and Genevieve Bouvier – Marge's
    D-day invasion is to happen in Normandy
    .

Pets

Dogs
  • She Biscuit: Santa's Little Helper's mother, who was separated from him when he was a puppy by their owner Les Moore. In the episode "The Way of the Dog", the Simpsons track down Moore and Santa's Little Helper and She Biscuit are reunited.
  • Puppies: Santa's Little Helper is the father of numerous puppies, including 25 with She's the Fastest in "
    Today I Am A Clown
    ".
  • Country Cousins' Dog – Santa's Little Helper's brother, owned by a family whom the Simpsons refer to as their "country cousins" because of the two dogs' relationship in the episode "The Bonfire of the Manatees".
  • Laddie – A collie owned by the Simpson family in the episode "The Canine Mutiny". He joined the family after Bart managed to get a credit card issued to Santos L. Halper (a non-existent person whose name is a corruption of "Santa's Little Helper") and purchased him from a catalogue. Described in the catalogue as the ultimate dog, Laddie was able to perform household chores and use the toilet. Laddie resides with the Springfield Police Department after he incidentally sniffed out marijuana at a blind man's house and Bart gave up ownership.
  • She's The Fastest - A female racing greyhound who Santa's Little Helper mated with in the episode "
    Rich Texan, gave her to the Simpsons since her bond to Santa's Little Helper meant she could no longer race, and she soon gave birth to a litter of 25 puppies. She is not seen again, presumably having gone back into the Rich Texan's care or moved in with her puppies at Mr. Burns
    's house.

Cats

Other pets

See also

References

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