Koca Sinan Pasha
(Redirected from
Sinan Pasha
)Koca Sinan Ottoman Governor of Egypt | |
|---|---|
| In office 1571–1573 | |
| Preceded by | Çerkes Iskender Pasha |
| Succeeded by | Hüseyin Pasha Boljanić |
| In office 1567–1569 | |
| Preceded by | Mahmud Pasha |
| Succeeded by | Çerkes Iskender Pasha |
| Personal details | |
| Born | c. 1506 Topojan, Ottoman Empire (modern-day Albania) |
| Died | 3 April 1596 (aged 89–90) Constantinople, Ottoman Empire (modern-day Turkey) |
| Nationality | Ottoman Albanian |
| Spouse | Esmehan Hanımsultan[1][2] |
| Children | Mehmed Pasha[1] Emine Hanim[1] Hatice Hanim[1] Hüma Hanim[1] |
| Ethnicity | Albanian |
Koca Sinan Pasha (
Grand Vizier, military figure, and statesman. From 1580 until his death he served five times as Grand Vizier.[3]
Early life
Sinan Pasha, also known as Koca Sinan (Sinan the Great), was born in
Catholic family that converted to Islam.[5] His father was named Ali Bey and Sinan Pasha had family ties with Catholic relatives such as the Giubizzas.[5] Austrian orientalist Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall called him the "unbridled Albanian".[4] Mustafa Ali of Gallipoli repeatedly criticized Sinan for promoting an Albanian clique in the administration.[6]
Career
Sinan Pasha was appointed governor of
Ottoman Egypt in 1569, and was subsequently involved until 1571 in the conquest of Yemen, becoming known as Fātiḥ-i Yemen ("Conqueror of Yemen").[7]
In 1580, Sinan commanded the army against the
Sultan Murad III. Sinan was, however, disgraced and exiled in the following year, owing to the defeat of his lieutenant Mehmed Pasha, at Gori during an attempt to provision the Ottoman garrison of Tbilisi
.
Sinan subsequently became governor of
Long War against the Habsburgs. He was faced with massive casualties on the northern front, which was weakened by the death of Bosnian commander Telli Hasan Pasha during the Battle of Sisak. In 1593, he captured Veszprém and Palota after 3–4 days of siege and turned his attention to the Sisak, where Telli Hasan Pasha and Ahmed Pasha had died. He soon captured Sisak and came back to Belgrade through Novi Sad.[8]
When the
.In spite of his victories he was again deposed in February 1595, shortly after the accession of
Prince Michael the Brave of Wallachia. His defeat in the Battle of Călugăreni, the Battle of Giurgiu, and the series of unsuccessful confrontations with the Habsburgs (culminating in the devastating siege and fall of Ottoman-held Esztergom
), brought him once more into disfavour, and he was deprived of the seal of office (19 November).
The death of his successor Lala Mehmed Pasha three days later caused Sinan to become grand vizier for the fifth time. He died suddenly in the spring of 1596, leaving behind a large fortune. Sinan Pasha is buried in Istanbul near the Grand Bazaar.[7]
Legacy
Ottoman Army in the Battle of Călugăreni
(1595).Sinan Pasha became grand vizier five times between 1580 and his death in 1596. He had many rivals but he was also a very wealthy man.Kosovo Vilayet with an imaret (soup kitchen), two hans (Inn), a hamam (Turkish bath) and a mosque that still bears his name.
In 1590, he had the
sebil.[citation needed
]
He was a major builder of caravanserais, bridges, baths and
. He was a big supporter of Queen Mother Safiye Sultan who was also of Albanian origin[11][failed verification]See also
- Al-Tujjar Caravansarai (Mount Tabor)
- Sinan Pasha Mosque (Damascus)
- Sinan Pasha Mosque (Kačanik)
- List of Ottoman grand viziers
- List of Ottoman governors of Egypt
References
- ^ a b c d e Ceviz, Aydın Emre; Akkaya, Aytaç. "Anasayfa". Ulusal Tez Merkezi (in Turkish). pp. 134–135.
- ISBN 978-0-19-508677-5.
- OCLC 2523612
- ^ )
- ^ ISBN 978-0190262785. pp. 264–265. "Sinan came from a small village in north-eastern Albania. As the writer Lazaro Soranzo put it, very probably deriving his information from Bartolomeo's cousin Antonio Bruni, he was 'an Albanian from Topojan in the sancak [district] of Prizren'. Attempts by some Serb historians to claim a Serbian origin for him are unconvincing. While the group of villages around Topojan was ethnically mixed at this time, probably with a Slav predominance, Topojan was mainly Albanian, and there is good evidence that Sinan's family background was neither Slav or Orthodox. From the fact that documents from the later part of his life refer to his father as 'Ali bey', some have supposed that he was born a Muslim; but it is much more likely that he came from a Catholic family (as the relationship with the Giubizzas strongly suggests), and that once he and his brothers had prospered in their Ottoman careers they persuaded their father to convert, the better to share in that success with them. A Ragusan document of 1571, listing all the 'renegades' in the Sultan's governing council, described Sinan as a Catholic Albanian' by origin." pp. 267–268. "One of the criticisms made of Sinan repeatedly by Mustafa Ali of Gallipoli was that he promoted an Albanian clique in the military and the government administration; Mustafa Ali wrote admiringly of the Bosnians, such as patron Lala Mustafa and Mehmed Sokollu, and scathingly about Albanians."
- ^ a b Malcolm 2015, pp. 267–268.
- ^ a b c Elsie 2012.
- )
- )
- ISBN 978-0253006783. Retrieved 2014-01-07.
- ISBN 978-0857736550.
Sources
- Elsie, Robert (2012). A Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History. I.B. Tauris. pp. 416–. better source needed]
- Malcolm, Noel (2015). Agents of Empire: Knights, Corsairs, Jesuits and Spies in the Sixteenth-century Mediterranean World. Oxford University Press. pp. 264–268. ISBN 978-0190262785.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Koca Sinan Pasha.
- . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
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