Sinfonia
Sinfonia (IPA: orchestral piece used as an introduction, interlude, or postlude to an opera, oratorio, cantata, or suite (Abate 1999, who gives the origin of the word as Italian) (Lotha, and the Editors of the Encyclopædia Britannica n.d.)[failed verification]. The word is also found in other Romance languages such as Spanish or Portuguese.
In the Middle Ages down to as late as 1588, it was also the Italian name for the
Three-part Inventions, and after about 1800, the term, when in reference to opera, meant "Overture" (Fisher 1998
, p. 386).
In George Frideric Handel's oratorio Messiah (HWV 56), "Overture to the Messiah" (French Overture in E minor) was originally titled "Sinfony".
In the 20th and 21st centuries it is found in the names of some chamber orchestras, such as the
Northern Sinfonia (Kennedy 2006
).
Sinfonias in the vocal works by Johann Sebastian Bach
The opening movements of cantatas
BWV 106 "sonatina".[13] Sinfonia in D major, BWV 1045 is considered a sinfonia of a lost cantata, because its manuscript indicates that the piece had four vocal parts.[14]
Symphony with an alternative scope
Examples of such "sinfonias" composed after the
classical era
include:
- Vincent d'Indy wrote a Sinfonia brevis de bello Gallico, Latin for: "Short Symphony about the War in Gaul".[citation needed]
- Igor Stravinsky titled the first movement of his 1923 Octet "Sinfonia".
See also
Sources
- "Sinfonia". Encyclopædia Britannica.
- Abate, Frank R. (ed.). The Oxford American Dictionary and Language Guide. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-513449-0.
- Bach, Peter. "Werk: Vokalwerke: BWV 146: Wir müssen durch viel Trübsal". [s.l.]: Bach.de, 2004–2018 (accessed 13 May 2018).
- ISBN 0-393-09745-5.
- John Tyrrell (2001), "Sinfonia (i)" in Stanley Sadie (ed.), The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 2nd edition, London: Macmillan Publishers, 2001.
- Fisher, Stephen C. "Sinfonia" in Stanley Sadie (ed.), ISBN 1-56159-228-5.
- Gardiner, John Eliot. Cantatas for the Twelfth Sunday after Trinity / Jakobskirche, Köthen. [s.l.]: Monteverdi Choir, 2007 (accessed 1 September 2017
- Kennedy, Michael. "Sinfonia". The Oxford Dictionary of Music, 2nd edition, revised, associate editor, Joyce Bourne. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2006. ISBN 978-0-19-861459-3.
- Lotha, Gloria, and the Editors of the Encyclopædia Britannica. N.d. “Sinfonia”. Encyclopædia Britannica online edition
- Marcuse, Sibyl. Musical Instruments: A Comprehensive Dictionary, corrected edition. The Norton Library. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1975. ISBN 0-393-00758-8.
- Randel, Don (ed.). The New Harvard Dictionary of Music. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1986. ISBN 0-674-61525-5.
References
- ^ "www.bach.de | Werk | Vokalwerke | BWV 29". www.bach.de. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
- ^ "www.bach.de | Werk | Vokalwerke | BWV 49". www.bach.de. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
- ^ "www.bach.de | Werk | Vokalwerke | BWV 52". www.bach.de. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
- ^ "www.bach.de | Werk | Vokalwerke | BWV 76". www.bach.de. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
- ^ "www.bach.de | Werk | Vokalwerke | BWV 120a". www.bach.de. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
- ^ "www.bach.de | Werk | Vokalwerke | BWV 156". www.bach.de. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
- ^ "www.bach.de | Werk | Vokalwerke | BWV 169". www.bach.de. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
- ^ "www.bach.de | Werk | Vokalwerke | BWV 174". www.bach.de. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
- ^ "www.bach.de | Werk | Vokalwerke | BWV 188". www.bach.de. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
- ^ "Bach digital - Johannes-Passion [3. Fassung] BWV 245.3". www.bach-digital.de. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
- ^ "www.bach.de | Werk | Vokalwerke | BWV 31". www.bach.de. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
- ^ "www.bach.de | Werk | Vokalwerke | BWV 182". www.bach.de. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
- ^ "www.bach.de | Werk | Vokalwerke | BWV 106". www.bach.de. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
- ^ "Chapter 55 Bwv 50 Bwv 200 Bwv 1045 – The Cantatas of Johann Sebastian Bach". Retrieved 2023-03-17.
External links
- A selection of sinfonias (from the Mutopia project)