Sinop, Turkey

Sinop
Municipality
Sinop Location in Turkey
Coordinates: 42°01′36″N 35°09′04″E / 42.02667°N 35.15111°E / 42.02667; 35.15111
Country	Turkey
Province	Sinop
District	Sinop
Government
• Mayor	Barış Ayhan (CHP)
Population  (2022)[1]	57,404
Time zone	UTC+3 (TRT)
Postal code	57000
Area code	0368
Climate	Cfa
Website	www.sinop.bel.tr

Sinop, historically known as Sinope (/sɪˈnoʊpi/; Greek: Σινώπη, Sinōpē), is a city on the isthmus of İnce Burun (İnceburun, Cape Ince) and on the Boztepe Peninsula, near Cape Sinope (Sinop Burnu, Boztepe Cape, Boztepe Burnu) which is situated on the northernmost edge of the Turkish side of the Black Sea coast, in the ancient region of Paphlagonia, in modern-day northern Turkey. It is the seat of Sinop Province and Sinop District.^[2] Its population is 57,404 (2022).^[1]

History

Over a period of approximately 2,500 years, Sinope has at various times been settled by

Evidence for Hittite Kingdom settlement along the Black Sea's southern shore remains murky. Researchers in the 1940s and 50s debated whether the "Great Sea", mentioned on the Boghazkoy tablets describing war between the Kizzuwatna tribe and the Hittites, could mean the Black Sea. Albrecht Goetze argued that the Hittites had never reached the northern Black Sea shore, instead drawing the northernmost boundary of the Hittite Kingdom to the south of the North Anatolia mountain range. D.S. Hogarth similarly concluded that the northern boundary of the Hittites never reached the shore. Hogarth's boundary was based on the distribution of Hittite monuments. Some objects found at Sinope are believed to be of Hittite origin.^[4]

The Greek colony of Sinope (

The

Ibn Battuta visited the city and stayed for about forty days. He noted it was "a superb city which combines fortification with beautification."^[16]

In 1614, Sinop was targeted by Cossack raiders and extensively looted and burned in an event which shocked Ottoman contemporaries.^[17]

In November 1853, at the start of the

Greek coins featuring an eagle holding a dolphin or marine animal in its talons have been found in Sinope,

Sinop is located on a promontory at the narrowest point of the Black Sea. It has two harbors and is located along the southern shore of the Black Sea, near the shortest crossing to the Crimea. The nearby mountainous terrain is green and noted for its timber.^[3][12]

Climate

Sinop has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa, Trewartha: Cf).

Sinop has warm summers with an average daytime high of 26 °C (79 °F), and temperatures rarely exceed 30 °C (86 °F). The winters are cool and wet, the average for February is just below 7 °C (45 °F). Snowfall is occasional December to March, sometimes lasting a week or two.

Economy

As of 1920, Sinop was producing embroidered

Visitor attraction places in Sinop are:^[26][27]

Pasha Bastion (Turkish: Paşa Tabyası) is a half-moon coastal bastion, a semi-circular fortification, situated southeast of Sinop Peninsula. It was constructed to protect the city against attacks coming from the Black Sea during the Russo-Turkish War, Crimean War (1853–1856). It features an artillery battery of eleven cannons, an arsenal and basement. Today, it is used as a place for refreshments premise.^[28]

Historic Water Tunnel (Turkish: Tarihi Su Kanalı) is an ancient underground water supply channel situated at Sülüklü Göl (literally: Lake of Leeches. Dug in rock, it is about 230 m (750 ft) long and has a clearance of 1.50 m (4.9 ft). There exists a 20–30 m (66–98 ft) high cylindrical ventilation shaft of 1.50 m (4.9 ft) diameter.^[28]

Balatlar Church (Turkish: Balatlar Kilisesi) is a ruined church from the Byzantine Empire period. It is partly preserved as only the chapel vault is in undamaged condition while other parts of the church have no roof any more. Fresco paintings on the chapel's ceiling and on the nave walls are still intact.^[28]

Serapeum is a ruined

Pervane Medrese is a former Islamic religious school, which was closed down after the proclamation of the Republic. The 13th-century building was used as a depot for archaeological artifacts and ethnographic items from 1932 on, and served as a museum between 1941 and 1970. It hosts souvenir shops today.^[30]

Sinop Fortress (Turkish: Sinop Kalesi) is a fortification surrounding the peninsula and the isthmus of Sinop. It was built initially by migrants from Miletus in the 8th century BC. The fortress underwent reparation and expansion to its current extent during the reign of King Mithridates IV of Pontus in the 2nd century BC after its destruction by the Cimmerians in the 7th century BC. Some parts of the fortress, especially the north walls, are ruined.^[31]

Sinop Fortress Prison (Turkish: Sinop Tarihi Cezaevi) is a defunct state prison situated inside the Sinop Fortress. Served between 1887 and 1997, the prison rose to fame when it featured in many literature works of notable authors, who were inmates of the prison for political reasons. It became also a shooting set for many movies and television series. It is a prison museum today.^[32]

Sinop Archaeological Museum (Turkish: Sinop Arkeoloji Müzesi) is a 1941-established archaeological museum exhibiting artifacts dating back to Early Bronze Age and from the Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk and Ottoman periods as well.^[33]

Sinop Ethnographic Museum (Turkish: Sinop Etnografya Müzesi) is a museum of ethnographic exhibits belonging to the cultural history of the region. It is situated in a large 18th-century mansion.^[34]

Notable people

Historical

• Aquila of Sinope (2nd century), Bible translator
• Diogenes of Sinope
  (412 or 404 BC–323 BC), philosopher
• Diphilus (4th century BC), Middle Comedy playwright
• Gazi Chelebi (14th century), naval commander
• İsfendiyar Bey
  of the Candar beylik
• Marcion of Sinope (c. 85–160), founder of Marcionism
• Mithridates VI of Pontus
  (134–63 BC), king of Pontus
• Phocas, Bishop of Sinope (died 117)
• Saint Phocas (c. 300)
• Saint Helen of Sinope
  (18th century)
• Seydi Ali Reis, Ottoman admiral, writer and scientist, was born into a family who was originally from Sinop.

Contemporary

• Rıza Nur (1879–1942), politician
• Ahmet Muhip Dıranas (1909–1980), poet
• Necmettin Erbakan (1926–2011), former prime minister
• Patriarch Maximus V of Constantinople
  (1897–1972), Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
• Metin Tuğlu (1984–), footballer
• Hakan Ünsal (1973–), footballer
• Sinan Uzun (1990–), footballer
• Gökçe Akyıldız (1992-), actress
• Ayça Ayşin Turan (1992-) actress

Legacy

Sinope has given its name to the outermost satellite of Jupiter. A crater on Mars is named after Sinop too.

Sister cities

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

Sinop has ten sister cities:^{[citation needed]}

• Bogotá, Colombia
• Çorlu, Turkey
• Riffa, Bahrain
• Izki, Oman
• Järve, Tallinn, Estonia
• Mosjøen, Norway
• Murmansk, Russia
• Varna, Bulgaria

Gallery

• 
  Sinop old city on an Ottoman era postcard.
• 
  Sinop Museum.
• 
  Sinop Marina.
• 
  Sinop Fortress Ruins.
• 
  Sinop Fortress Ruins.

See also

• Pervâneoğlu dynasty
• Isfendiyarids
• Gazi Çelebi
• Aquila of Sinope
• Sinope Gospels

References

1. ^
   TÜİK
   . Retrieved 22 May 2023.
2. ^ İl Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
3. ^
   JSTOR j.ctt3fj358.11
   .
4. S2CID 162233229
   .
5. ^ See Strabo XII.iii.1 1; Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library 14.31.2; Pseudo-Scymnus 995-96; Eusebius, Chronographia 631/30 BCE; See also Doonan, Sinop Landscapes p. 71 for details of archaeological research
6. ISBN 0-486-20327-1
   .
7. ISBN 978-0-472-11199-2
   .
8. S2CID 162253005
   .
9. ISBN 978-90-04-22388-2
   .
10. JSTOR 42668025
    .
11. ^ See Polynaeus, Strategematon VII.21
12. ^
    ISBN 978-0-19-860641-3
    . Retrieved 15 May 2018.
13. ^
    ISBN 978-0-19-504652-6
    .
14. S2CID 162791512
    .
15. ^ Runciman, Steven (1969). The Fall of Constantinople. London: Cambridge. p. 174.
16. ISBN 9780330418799
    .
17. ^ Ostapchuk, Victor (2001). "The Human Landscape of the Ottoman Black Sea in the Face of the Cossack Naval Raids". Oriente Moderno. 20: 44–7.
18. ^ Prothero, G. W. (1920). Anatolia. London: H.M. Stationery Office.
19. ^ "Ayancık Hava Radarının Tarihini Biliyor Musunuz? | Ayancık Gazetesi". www.ayancikgazetesi.com (in Turkish). 24 November 2020. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
20. JSTOR 42666926
    .
21. S2CID 162353204
    .
22. ^ "Resmi İstatistikler: İllerimize Ait Mevism Normalleri (1991–2020)" (in Turkish). Turkish State Meteorological Service. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
23. ^ "Sinop, Turkey Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)".
24. ^ Prothero, G. W. (1920). Anatolia. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 112.
25. ^ "2 Japanese companies aim to fund 30% of Turkish nuclear project". Nikkei Asian Review. Nikkei. 8 June 2015. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
26. ^ "Sinop". karalahana.com. Archived from the original on 11 May 2012.
27. ^ "About Sinop". karalahana.com. Archived from the original on 11 May 2012.
28. ^ ^{a b c} "Gezilecek Yerler" (in Turkish). Sinop Arkeoloji Müzesi. Archived from the original on 6 July 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
29. ^ "Sinop Tarihi Cezaevi" (in Turkish). Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı – Müze. Archived from the original on 14 October 2017. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
30. ^ ^{a b} "Camiler ve Medreseler" (in Turkish). Sinop Valiliği - İl Kültür ve Turizm Müdürlüğü. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
31. ^ "Kaleler" (in Turkish). Sinop Valiliği - İl Kültür ve Turizm Müdürlüğü. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
32. ^ "Sinop Tarihi Cezaevi" (in Turkish). Sinop Arkeoloji Müzesi. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
33. ^ "Sinop Arkeoloji Müzesi" (in Turkish). Sinop Valiliği – İl Küştür ve Turizm Müdürlüğü. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
34. ^ "Sinop Etnoğrafya Müzesi" (in Turkish). Sinop Arkeoloji Müzesi. Archived from the original on 28 June 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
35. ^ "Diyojen" (in Turkish). Rota Senin. 15 May 2015. Archived from the original on 18 August 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2016.

Further reading

• John Garstang, The Hittite Empire, Being a Survey of the History, Geography and Monuments of Hittite Asia Minor and Syria (London: Constable and Company Ltd, 1929).

External links

• Pictures of Sinop

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sinop (Turkey).