Sixth form
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In the education systems of
England and Wales
Sixth Form describes the two school years that are called by many schools the Lower Sixth (L6) and Upper Sixth (U6). The term survives from earlier naming conventions used in both the state-maintained and private school systems. Another well known term is Year 12 and 13, carried on from the year group system started in Primary school.
In the state-maintained sector in England and Wales, pupils in the first five years of secondary schooling were divided into cohorts determined by age, known as forms (these referring historically to the long backless benches on which rows of pupils sat in the classroom). Pupils started their first year of secondary school in the first form or
In the independent schools sector, the traditional
In some
examination students as being in the Seventh Form or Third Year Sixth.In the state sector, the system was changed for the 1990–1991 academic year and school years are now numbered consecutively from primary school onwards.
In some parts of the country, specialist sixth form colleges were introduced. A large proportion of English secondary schools no longer have an integral sixth form. This is mainly related to reforms in the later 20th century, where different political areas became a factor in the introduction of colleges instead of the original sixth forms. There are now numerous sixth form colleges throughout England and Wales, and in areas without these, sixth form schools and specialist further education (FE) colleges called tertiary colleges may fill the same role.
Sixth form itself isn't compulsory in England and Wales (although from 2013 onwards, people of sixth form age must remain in some form of education or training in England only; the school leaving age remains 16 in Wales); however, university entrance normally requires at least three A level qualifications and perhaps one AS level. Before the most recent reforms, students would usually select between three and five subjects from the GCSEs they have just taken, for one "AS" year, the AS exams being taken at the end of Lower Sixth. Three subjects would then be carried into the A2 year (the dropped AS being "cashed in" as a qualification), then further exams would be taken at the end of that year. The marks attained in both sets of exams were converted into UCAS points, which must meet the offer made by the student's chosen university. Since the move to a "linear" system, students more commonly choose three or four subjects and either continue to study them for the full two years before a single set of final "A level" exams, or choose to drop one or two subjects by sitting "AS level" exams at the end of the first year.
Northern Ireland
In Northern Ireland, the equivalent of Reception is "P1", and the equivalent of the English Year 1 "P2", while the first year of secondary school is known as Year 8 or first year (rather than Year 7 as in England), and following that Lower and Upper Sixth are Year 13 and Year 14 respectively.
Scotland
In the Scottish education system, the final year of school is known as Sixth Year or S6. During this year, students typically study
It is not essential for candidates to do a sixth year if they wish to attend a Scottish university, as they have obtained adequate Higher grades in S5 and may apply and receive acceptance, though this is conditional on being successful in the examinations. However, the vast majority of Scottish students return for S6 if they plan to attend university. Some English universities will also accept Scottish students who have obtained adequate Higher grades in S5. It was announced in December 2008 that, as from 2010, UCAS will increase the number of points awarded to those who achieve Highers and Advanced Highers.[1]
In some cases, particularly in independent schools, the term sixth form is also used for the last two years of secondary education.
Jamaica
In the Jamaican education system, sixth form describes the two school years which are called the Lower Sixth (6B) and Upper Sixth (6A), or grades 12 (lower) and 13 (upper), by many schools. Students are usually aged 17 or 18 by October 31.
Sixth form is a must, two years long, advanced post-secondary program, at the end of which students write the CAPE (Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Exams). These are the equivalent of the GCE
Other countries
In the Republic of Ireland, the last year of secondary schooling is called the Sixth Year. There is no Sixth Form per se but a similar concept exists called the Senior Cycle where school pupils aged 16–19 prepare in their final two years for the Leaving Certificate examination.
In some secondary schools in Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago, the sixth and seventh years, are called Lower and Upper Sixth respectively.
In India and Nepal, the Higher Secondary Education is called "Class 11th" and "Class 12th" which is also known as "+1" and "+2" respectively of the "10+2" educational system. In India, this is also referred to as "Intermediate"[2][3] in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Uttar Pradesh and Bihar State Boards, " Pre-University Course"(PUC)[4] in Karnataka State Board, and "Junior College" or "Higher Secondary Certificate"[5] in Maharashtra State Board, in CBSE and CISCE Boards it is called “Class 11th" and "Class 12th".
Similarly, the term sixth form is also used to define the final two years of education before entering university in Malta.
In Malaysia, a sixth form is known as "Tingkatan 6", and lasts for three semesters.
In Singapore the equivalent of a sixth form college would be called a junior college, where pupils take their Cambridge GCE A-levels after two years. Prior to the 1990s, these two years were known as "Pre-University" (Pre-U) 1 and 2.
In New Zealand, under the old system of forms, standards and juniors, sixth form was the equivalent of Year 12 in today's system. Year 13 was known as seventh form. Australia also sometimes uses the term for year 12, though the Australian year 12 is equivalent to the NZ Year 13 / seventh form and the UK's upper sixth / Year 13.
In
In some college preparatory schools in the United States, such as The Hill School, Woodberry Forest School, Ethical Culture Fieldston School, Kent School, Pomfret School, The Church Farm School, The Haverford School, Portsmouth Abbey School and more, sixth form refers to the final year of education prior to college. It is the equivalent of twelfth grade in the US education system.
See also
- Sixth form college
- Education in the United Kingdom
- Eleventh grade and Twelfth grade—Equivalent American grades for this age range
- Ontario Academic Credit
References
- ^ "Scottish grades get higher rating". 17 December 2008. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
- ^ "BIEAP - Board of Intermediate Education Andhra Pradesh". BYJUS. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
- ^ "Telangana Intermediate Board | Telangana State Board of Intermediate Education (TSBIE)". BYJUS. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
- ^ "Karnataka 2nd PUC Board | Karnataka PU Board Latest News, Exam Resources, Results & More". BYJUS. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
- ^ "Maharashtra HSC Board - Latest News, MSBSHSE HSC Study Material, Results & More". BYJUS. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
- ^ "Ministry of Education, Brunei Darussalam - Post Secondary Education". www.moe.gov.bn. Retrieved 15 November 2016.