Sixtine Vulgate

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Sixtine Vulgate
Frontispiece of the Sixtine Vulgate
Frontispiece of the Sixtine Vulgate
Other namesSistine Vulgate
Latin: Vulgata Sixtina
LanguageLate Latin
Complete Bible
published		1590
Online asSixtine Vulgate at Wikisource
Textual basisVulgate
Religious affiliationCatholic Church
Genesis 1:1–3
In principio creavit Deus caelum, et terram. Terra autem erat inanis et vacua, et tenebrae erant super faciem abyssi: et Spiritus Domini ferebatur super aquas. Dixitque Deus: Fiat lux. Et facta est lux.[1]
John 3:16
Sic enim Deus dilexit mundum, ut Filium suum unigenitum daret: ut omnis, qui credit in eum, non pereat, sed habeat vitam aeternam.
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The Sixtine Vulgate or Sistine Vulgate (

Latin: Vulgata Sixtina) is the edition of the Vulgate—a 4th-century Latin translation of the Bible that was written largely by Jerome—which was published in 1590, prepared by a commission on the orders of Pope Sixtus V and edited by himself. It was the first edition of the Vulgate authorised by a pope. Its official recognition was short-lived; the edition was replaced in 1592 by the Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
.

In 1546, the

Gregory XIII
, did not continue the work.

In 1586, Sixtus V appointed a commission to produce an official edition of the Vulgate. However, he was dissatisfied with the work of the commission. Considering himself a very competent editor, he edited the Vulgate with the help of a few people he trusted. In 1590, this edition was published and was preceded by a bull of Sixtus V saying this edition was the authentic edition recommended by the Council of Trent, that it should be taken as the standard of all future reprints, and that all copies should be corrected by it.

Three months later, in August, Sixtus V died. Nine days after the death of Sixtus V, the College of Cardinals suspended the sale of the Sixtine Vulgate and later ordered the destruction of the copies. In 1592, Clement VIII, arguing printing errors in the Sixtine Vulgate, recalled all copies of the Sixtine Vulgate still in circulation; some suspect his decision was in fact due to the influence of the Jesuits. In November of the same year, a revised version of the Sixtine, known as the Sixto-Clementine Vulgate or Clementine Vulgate, was issued by Clement VIII to replace the Sixtine Vulgate.

History

Council of Trent

The Council of Trent decreed the Vulgate authoritative[2] and "authentic" on 8 April 1546,[3] and ordered it to be printed "quam emendatissime"[a] ("with the fewest possible faults").[b][2][4] There was no authoritative edition of the Vulgate in the Catholic Church at that time; that would come in May (or April[5]) 1590.[2]

Elaboration of the text

Three pontifical commissions

Three pontifical commissions were successively charged to elaborate the text of the edition of the Vulgate for which the Council of Trent had requested publication. Up until the commissions of Pius V and Sixtus V, the work was done without any coordination.[6]

After Sixtus V's death in 1590,

Gregory XIV in 1591.[8]

Pius IV's commission

In 1561,

Pius IV created a commission[6] at Rome[3] composed of four cardinals: Amulio, Morone, Scotti and Vitelli. This committee had only a very general role: to correct and print the ecclesiastical books which the Holy See had decided to reform or publish.[6]

Pius V's commission

In 1566

G. Sirleto, C. Madruzzo, J. Souchier, and Antonio Carafa)[10][9][11] and twelve advisors.[9]

Cardinal Montalto (the future Sixtus V).[15] Thomson states that the commission working on the Vulgate had to stop its work to instead work on the edition of the Septuagint.[16] The work on this edition was finished in 1586 and the edition, known as the Roman Septuagint, was published the next year.[17][18] This edition of the Septuagint was done to assist the revisers of the Latin Vulgate.[18]

Sixtus V's commission

At the time Sixtus V became pope, in 1585,[7] work on the edition of the Vulgate had barely begun.[3]

Facsimile of part of a page of the Codex Carafianus

In 1586,

Sixtus V appointed a commission.[10] The commission was under the presidency of Cardinal Carafa,[19][20] and was composed of Flaminius Nobilius, Antonius Agellius, Lelio Landi, Bartholomew Valverde, and Petrus Morinus. They were helped by Fulvio Orsini.[21]

The commission worked on the basis of the 1583 edition by Franciscus Lucas Brugensis of the Leuven Vulgate[22] and "[g]ood manuscripts were used as authorities, including notably the Codex Amiatinus".[2][23] The commission wrote annotations and corrected directly on an exemplar of the 1583 edition of the Leuven Vulgate;[16] this Bible corrected by the commission is known as the Codex Carafianus.[24][25][26]

Sixtus V's own editing work

At one point, Sixtus began to lose patience due to the slow progress of the commission.[27] Nevertheless, "in view of the work which had already been carried out" the work of the commission was finished in 1588.[16] However, Sixtus was dissatisfied with the work produced by the commission, and on 17 November 1588 told Carafa that the latter had to either give him a completed revised edition of the Vulgate or give him the Bible he was working on (the Codex Carafianus); Sixtus said it was because he wanted to revise everything himself. The same day, Carafa handed Sixtus the Bible annoted with corrections (the Codex Carafianus).[16][27][c] According to Quentin, the corrections of the Codex Carafianus were "excellent", but they were "not presented in a convincing way. It is merely a list of readings without anything to indicate their value. Those readings, when put against the mainstream readings found in the Leuven Bible [Vulgate], seem[ed] to Sixtus V like some alternatives which should only be used instead of the mainstream text if they contain a real progress concerning the meaning or the literary quality of the passage".[28]

Sixtus V worked by himself on the edition of the Vulgate. From 17 November 1588 until June 1589, he revised the text; until the end of November 1589, he corrected the proofs.[16] Sixtus made the corrections using simple conjectures and working quickly.[29] He used the Codex Carafianus.[30] Sixtus was helped in his editing work by a few people he trusted, including Toledo and Rocca but excluding the members of the commission and Carafa.[31]

Sixtus V took pride in being a very competent text

St. Ambrose, the sixth and last volume of which was published after he became pope. This edition of the complete work of St. Ambrose produced by Sixtus is regarded as the worst ever published; it "replaced the readings of the manuscripts by the least justified conjectures".[32]

By the end of November, the text of the Vulgate was finished. Sixtus' editing work on the Vulgate was sent on 25 November 1589 to the

Congregation of the Index. The aim of his work was less for the text to be satisfactory from the point of view of textual criticism, and way more to strengthen the faithfuls. The publication of the text was delayed for five months at the Congregation of the Index since most of its members, three out of five, were opposed to the publication of the text; those were Ascanio Colonna, William Allen and Girolamo Della Rovere. The members of the commission of Carafa were also opposed to the publication.[33]

Publication

Title page of the Sixtine Vulgate

In May (or April[5]) 1590 the completed work was issued[2] in one volume, in a folio edition, containing three distinct parts,[d] with the page numbering continuous throughout the entire volume.[19][34][35] The Sixtine Vulgate was mostly free of typographical errors.[36][34] Regardless, even after the printed edition was issued, Sixtus continued to tinker with the text, revising it either by hand or by pasting strips of paper on the text.[37]

This edition is known as the Vulgata Sixtina,[25] Sixtine Vulgate, or Sistine Vulgate.[38] The full title of the Sixtine Vulgate is: Biblia sacra Vulgatae Editionis ad Concilii Tridentini praescriptum emendata et a Sixto V P. M. recognita et approbata.[39][40]

The edition was preceded by the bull Aeternus Ille, in which the Pope declared the authenticity of the new Bible.

breviaries be revised to use the text of the Sixtine Vulgate, and that the Sixtine Vulgate replace all other Bibles within four months in Italy and within eight months elsewhere.[5] This was the first time the Vulgate was recognized as the official authoritative text.[41]

Based on his study of testimonies by those who surrounded the pope during the making of the Sixtine Vulgate, and the fact that the bull Aeternus Ille is not present in the

Jesuit Xavier-Marie Le Bachalet claims the publication of this Bible does not have papal infallibility because the bull establishing this edition as the standard was never promulgated by Sixtus V. Le Bachalet says that the bull was only printed within the edition of the Bible at the order of Sixtus V so as not to delay the printing and that the published edition of the Bible was not the final one; that Sixtus was still revising the text of this edition of the Bible, and his death prevented him from completing a final edition and promulgating an official bull.[37][e]

Textual characteristics

Page of the original Sixtine Vulgate, Numbers ch. 30–31. Note the unusual verse numbering. The end of 30:11 and the whole verses 30:12 & 13, which should be within the verse number 5, are missing.

Two whole verses and the end of one were dropped from the

vows of chastity taken by their wives without their consent".[42]

According to

verse enumeration, different to that of the Stephanus edition.[34][44][38] According to Antonio Gerace, the Sixtine Vulgate "was even closer to the Leuven Vulgate".[45] Thomson states that in many cases Sixtus V merely restored the reading of the 1583 Leuven Vulgate compared to the Codex Carafianus. He adds that the reason Sixtus V did so was because his goal was "to oppose heresy, not to arouse suspicions that the hitherto generally accepted text was corrupt".[16]

Death of Sixtus V

On 27 August 1590 Sixtus V died. After his death, many alleged that the text of the Sixtine Vulgate was "too error-ridden for general use".

heretics could have used against the Catholic Church the passages of the Bible which Sixtus V had either removed or modified. Bellarmine did not take part in the ban on the Sixtine Vulgate as he was in Paris when Sixtus published the Sixtine Vulgate, and only came back in Rome in November 1590.[49]

After Sixtus V's death, Robert Bellarmine wrote a letter in 1602 to Clement VIII trying to dissuade him from resolving the question of the auxiliis divinae gratiae by himself. In his letter Bellarmine wrote concerning the Sixtine Vulgate: "Your Holiness also knows in what danger Sixtus V put himself and put the whole Church, by trying to correct the Bible according to his own judgment: and for me I really do not know if there has ever been greater danger".[50][51][52]

Recall of the Sixtine Vulgate

See also: Sixto-Clementine Vulgate

In January 1592,[19] almost immediately after his election, Clement VIII recalled all copies of the Sixtine Vulgate[34] as one of his first acts.[23] The reason invoked for recalling Sixtus V's edition was printing errors, although the Sixtine Vulgate was mostly free of them.[36][34]

According to

General, which for Sixtus and other important figures of the Roman Curia jeopardized the preeminence of the role of the pope within the Church".[47] Jaroslav Pelikan, without giving any more details, says that the Sixtine Vulgate "proved to be so defective that it was withdrawn".[55]

Few copies of the Sixtine Vulgate were saved from destruction.[25]

Some differences from the Leuven edition

The text of the Sixtine Vulgate has some differences with the text of the Leuven Vulgate. For example, in the Sixtine Vulgate, in the Book of Genesis chapters 40–50, there were 43 changes made compared to the editions of the Leuven Vulgate. Of these 43 corrections, 31 are of purely orthographic significance; and of those 31, six concern proper nouns.[56]

In critical editions of the Bible text

The Sixtine Vulgate is cited in the

Oxford Vulgate New Testament, where it is designated by the siglum S.[58][19][34] It is not cited in the Stuttgart Vulgate.[59]

Sixto-Clementine Vulgate

Main article: Sixto-Clementine Vulgate

After

Clementine Vulgate,[60][61] also called the Sixto-Clementine Vulgate.[61][25] Faced with about six thousand corrections on matters of detail, and a hundred that were important, and wishing to save the honour of Sixtus V, Bellarmine undertook the writing of the preface of this edition. He ascribed all the imperfections of Sixtus' Vulgate to press errors.[62][h] According to Quentin, "a slight possibility remains that Sixtus V, who we know worked until the last day of his life to purge his Bible of the printing mistakes it contained, had let slip a few words which were heard by his familiars, one of whom was Angelo Rocca, giving the impression that he was planning a new edition".[63]

Scrivener notes that to avoid the appearance of a conflict between the two popes, the Clementine Bible was published under the name of Sixtus, with a preface by Bellarmine. This preface asserted that Sixtus had intended to publish a new edition due to errors that had occurred in the printing of the first, but had been prevented from doing this by his death, and that now, in accordance with his desire, the work was completed by his successor.[19]

The full name of the Clementine Vulgate was: Biblia sacra Vulgatae Editionis, Sixti Quinti Pont. Max. iussu recognita atque edita[40][36][38] (translation: "The Holy Bible of the Common/Vulgate Edition identified and published by the order of Pope Sixtus V".[38]) The fact that the Clementine edition retained the name of Sixtus on its title page is the reason the Clementine Vulgate is sometimes known as the Sixto-Clementine Vulgate.[38]

Nestle notes: "It may be added that the first edition to contain the names of both the Popes [Sixtus V and Clement VIII] upon the title page is that of 1604. The title runs: 'Sixti V. Pont. Max. iussu recognita et Clementis VIII. auctoritate edita'".[64] Scrivener[65] and Hastings share the same analysis. Hastings points out that "[t]he regular form of title in a modern Vulgate Bible — 'Biblia Sacra Vulgatae Editionis Sixti V. Pont. Max. jussu recognita et Clementis VIII. auctoritate edita' — cannot be traced at present earlier than 1604". Up to that time, Sixtus seems to have appeared alone on the title page; after this date, Clement occasionally figures by himself.[34]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Literally "in the most correct manner possible"
  2. ^ See the decree here: Fourth session – Decree concerning the editing and use of the sacred books
  3. ^ In contrast to what is written here, Scrivener says that the commission presented the result of their work to Sixtus at the beginning of 1589.[19]
  4. ^ The title page bears the indication "three distinct volumes/sections" (tribus tomis distincta)[34]
  5. ^ For a critique of this work of Le Bachalet, see The Journal of Theological Studies, Vol. 14, No. 55 (April, 1913), pp. 472–474.
  6. ^ "However, this work [the Sixtine Vulgate] was not appreciated by the Congregation of the Cardinals and a week [sic, 9 days] after the death of Pope Sixtus V (27 August 1590) they ordered, first, the suspension of the selling of this edition and the destruction of the printed copies shortly thereafter."[25]
  7. Controversiae on the Index of Prohibited Books while Bellarmine was in France on a diplomatic mission. However, the Congregation of the Index and, later, the Society of Jesus resisted this. In 1590 Sixtus died, and with him the project of the Sistine Index also died."[47]
  8. ^ See also Bellarmine's testimony in his autobiography:

    In 1591,

    Clement VIII
    edited this revised Bible, under the name of Sixtus (V), with the Preface of which I am the author.

    Bellarmino, Roberto Francesco Romolo (1999). "Memorie autobiografiche (1613)". In Giustiniani, Pasquale (ed.). Autobiografia (1613) (in Italian). Translated by Galeota, Gustavo. Internet Archive. Brescia: Morcelliana. pp. 59–60.

    ISBN 88-372-1732-3.
    (in original Latin: Vita ven. Roberti cardinalis Bellarmini, pp. 30–31); (in French here
    , pp. 106–107)

References

  1. ^ "Vulgata Sistina (VulgS)". StepBible.org.
  2. ^ a b c d e Metzger (1977), p. 348.
  3. ^ a b c Bungener, Félix (1855). History of the Council of Trent. Columbia University Libraries. New York, Harper. p. 91.
  4. ^ Berger, Samuel (1879). La Bible au seizième siècle: Étude sur les origines de la critique biblique (in French). Paris. pp. 147 ff. Retrieved 23 January 2011.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. ^ a b c Thomson, Francis J. (2005). "The Legacy of SS Cyril and Methodius in the Counter Reformation" (PDF). In Konstantinou, Evangelos (ed.). Methodios und Kyrillos in ihrer europäischen Dimension. Peter Lang. p. 85.
  6. ^ a b c Quentin (1922), p. 148, "Chapitre sixième – Les commissions pontificales du concilde de Trente à Sixte-Quint" [Chapter Six – The Pontifical Committees from the Council of Trent to Sixtus Quintus].
  7. ^ a b c "Catholic Encyclopedia: Pope Sixtus V". newadvent.org. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
  8. ^ Gerace (2016), pp. 210, 225.
  9. ^ a b c Quentin (1922), p. 160, "Chapitre sixième – Les commissions pontificales du concilde de Trente à Sixte-Quint" [Chapter Six – The Pontifical Committees from the Council of Trent to Sixtus Quintus].
  10. ^ a b c d e f Gerace (2016), p. 210.
  11. ^ a b Thomson, Francis J. (2005). "The Legacy of SS Cyril and Methodius in the Counter Reformation" (PDF). In Konstantinou, Evangelos (ed.). Methodios und Kyrillos in ihrer europäischen Dimension. Peter Lang. p. 83.
  12. ISBN 9780790583181
    .
  13. ISBN 9781410217295
    .
  14. ^ Quentin (1922), p. 168, "Chapitre sixième – Les commissions pontificales du concilde de Trente à Sixte-Quint" [Chapter Six – The Pontifical Committees from the Council of Trent to Sixtus Quintus].
  15. ^ Bady, Guillaume (13 February 2014). "La Septante est née en 1587, ou quelques surprises de l'édition sixtine". La Bibile D'Alexandrie (in French). Retrieved 11 April 2019.
  16. ^ a b c d e f Thomson, Francis J. (2005). "The Legacy of SS Cyril and Methodius in the Counter Reformation" (PDF). In Konstantinou, Evangelos (ed.). Methodios und Kyrillos in ihrer europäischen Dimension. Peter Lang. p. 84.
  17. ^ Swete, H. B. (1914). "Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek. Additional Notes. Chapter VI. Printed texts of the Septuagint". Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Archived from the original on 3 November 2019. Retrieved 3 November 2019.
  18. ^ a b "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Septuagint Version". newadvent.org. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Scrivener, Frederick Henry Ambrose (1894). "Chapter III. Latin versions". In Miller, Edward (ed.). A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament. Vol. 2 (4th ed.). London: George Bell & Sons. p. 64.
  20. ^ Quentin (1922), p. 170, "Chapitre sixième - Les commissions pontificales du concilde de Trente à Sixte-Quint" [Chapter Six – The Pontifical Committees from the Council of Trent to Sixtus Quintus].
  21. ^ Quentin (1922), p. 170, "Chapitre sixième – Les commissions pontificales du concilde de Trente à Sixte-Quint" [Chapter Six – The Pontifical Committees from the Council of Trent to Sixtus Quintus].
  22. ^ Gerace (2016), p. 224.
  23. ^
    Eyre and Spottiswoode. p. 187
    .
  24. The Clarendon Press
    . p. xxviii.
  25. ^ a b c d e Gerace (2016), p. 225.
  26. ^ Quentin (1922), pp. 8, 171.
  27. ^ a b Quentin (1922), p. 182-183, "Chapitre septième – Les éditions Sixtine et Clémentine (1590–1592)" [Chapter seven – The Sixtine and Clementine editions (1590–1592)].
  28. ^ Quentin (1922), p. 183.
  29. ^ Gandil, Pierre (April–July 2002). "La Bible latine : de la Vetus latina à la Néo-Vulgate". revue-resurrection.org (in French). Résurrection | N° 99–100 : La traduction de la Bible. Archived from the original on 16 December 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
  30. ^ Carlo Vercellone, Variae lectiones Vulgatae Latinae Bibliorum editionis, Romae 1860, p. XXX.
  31. ^ Quentin (1922), p. 190, Chapitre septième – Les éditions Sixtine et Clémentine (1590–1592) [Chapter seven – The Sixtine and Clementine editions (1590–1592)].
  32. ^ Quentin (1922), p. 181, Chapitre septième – Les éditions Sixtine et Clémentine (1590–1592) [Chapter seven – The Sixtine and Clementine editions (1590–1592)].
  33. ^ Thomson, Francis J. (2005). "The Legacy of SS Cyril and Methodius in the Counter Reformation" (PDF). In Konstantinou, Evangelos (ed.). Methodios und Kyrillos in ihrer europäischen Dimension. Peter Lang. pp. 84–85.
  34. ^
    ISBN 9781410217295
    .
  35. ^ Biblia sacra vulgatae editionis ad concilii Tridentini praescriptum emendata et a Sixto V.P.M. recognata et approbata. 14 September 1590. Retrieved 15 March 2020. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  36. ^ a b c d e "Vulgate in the International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  37. ^ a b Le Bachalet, Xavier-Marie, Bellarmin et la Bible Sixto-Clémentine : Étude et documents inédits, Paris: Gabriel Beauchesne & Cie, 1911 (in French). The majority of this work is reproduced at the bottom of this article[unreliable source?] ("Annexe 1 – Etude du Révérend Père Le Bachelet (1911)").
  38. ^
    ISBN 9780198744733
    .
  39. ^ a b Aland, Kurt; Nestle, Eberhard, eds. (2012). Novum Testamentum Graece. Chapters: "III. Der kritische Apparat", section 'Die lateinischen Übersetzungen'; and "III. The Critical Apparatus", section 'Latin Versions' (28th ed.). Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. pp. 25, 69.
  40. ^
    ISBN 9782840505372
    .
  41. ISBN 978-0-8028-4098-1
    . Vulgate is the name given the form of the Latin text which has been widely circulated (vulgata) in the Latin church since the seventh century, enjoying recognition as the officially authoritative text, first in the edition of Pope Sixtus V (Rome, 1590), and then of Pope Clement VIII (Rome, 1592), until the Neo-Vulgate.
  42. ^ Thomson, Francis J. (2005). "The Legacy of SS Cyril and Methodius in the Counter Reformation" (PDF). In Konstantinou, Evangelos (ed.). Methodios und Kyrillos in ihrer europäischen Dimension. Peter Lang. p. 86.
  43. ^ Nestle, Eberhard (1901). Menzies, Allan (ed.). Introduction to the textual criticism of the Greek New Testament. Translated by Edie, William. University of California Libraries (2nd ed.). London [etc.] Williams and Norgate; New York, G. P. Putnam's Sons. p. 128.
  44. ^ Quentin (1922), p. 188.
  45. ^ Gerace (2016), pp. 223–225.
  46. ISBN 9780300066678
    .
  47. ^ a b Bellarmine, Robert (2012). Tutino, Stefania (ed.). "On Temporal and Spiritual Authority". Online Library of Liberty. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
  48. ^ Metzger (1977), pp. 348–349.
  49. ^ Quentin (1922), pp. 190–191, "Chapitre septième – Les éditions Sixtine et Clémentine (1590–1592)" [Chapter seven – The Sixtine and Clementine editions (1590–1592)].
  50. ^ Le Bachalet, Xavier-Marie, Bellarmin et la Bible Sixto-Clémentine : Étude et documents inédits, Paris: Gabriel Beauchesne & Cie, 1911 (in French). The majority of this work is reproduced at the bottom of this article ("ANNEXE 1 – Etude du Révérend Père Le Bachelet (1911)").
    "Votre Sainteté sait encore dans quel danger Sixte-Quint, de sainte mémoire, se mit lui-même et mit toute l'Eglise, en voulant corriger la Bible d'après son propre jugement, et pour moi je ne sais vraiment pas s'il y eut jamais plus grand danger."
  51. ^ van Ess, Leander (1824). "𝔊𝔢ſ𝔠𝔥𝔦𝔠𝔥𝔱𝔢 𝔡𝔢𝔯 𝔖𝔦𝔵𝔱𝔦𝔫ſ𝔠𝔥𝔢𝔫 𝔅𝔲𝔩𝔤𝔞𝔱𝔞. §. 22." [History of the Sixtine Vulgate § 22]. Pragmatisch-kritische Geschichte der Vulgata im Allgemeinen, und zunächst in Beziehung auf das Trientische Decret. Oder: Ist der Katholik gesetzlich an die Vulgata gebunden? [Pragmatico-critical history of the Vulgate in general, and initially in relation to the Decree of Trent. Or: Are Catholics bound by law to the Vulgate?] (in German). Tübingen: Ludwig Friedrich Fues. pp. 290–291. Novit beatitudo vestra cui se totamque ecclesiam discrimini commiserit Sixtus V. dum juxta propriae doctrinae sensus sacrorum bibliorum emendationem aggressus est; nec satis scio an gravius unquam periculum occurrerit
  52. ^ Le Blanc, Augustino (1700). "De auxilis lib. II. Cap. XXVI.". Historiae Congregationum De Auxiliis Divinae Gratiae, Sub Summis Pontificibus Clemente VIII. Et Paulo V. Libri Quatuor: Quibus ... confutantur recentiores hujus Historiae Depravatores, maximè verò Autor Libelli Gallicè inscripti, Remonstrance à M. l'Archevêque de Reims, sur son Ordonnnance du 15. Juillet 1697. ... (in Latin). Leuven: Denique. p. 326. Novit Beatitudo Vestra, cui se totamque eccleſiam discrimini commiſerit Sixtus V. dum juxta propriæ doctrinæ ſenſus, ſacrorum Bibliorum emendationem aggreſſus eſt: nec fatiſcio an gravius unquam periculum occurerit.
  53. Eyre and Spottiswoode. pp. 187
    –188.
  54. ^ "Sixtus" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). 1911.
  55. ISBN 9780300066678
    .
  56. ^ Quentin (1922), pp. 183–185, Chapitre septième – Les éditions Sixtine et Clémentine (1590–1592) [Chapter seven – The Sixtine and Clementine editions (1590–1592)].
  57. ISBN 978-0-8028-4098-1
    . The various editions of the Vulgate are indicated by the following abbreviations when information about their text is necessary or informative: vgs for the Sixtine edition (Rome: 1590) and vgcl for the Clementine edition (Rome: 1592). vgs is not indicated independently when its text agrees with vgcl.
  58. The Clarendon Press
    . p. xxix.
  59. ISBN 978-3-438-05303-9
    .
  60. ^ Metzger (1977), p. 349.
  61. ^
    ISBN 9780300066678
    .
  62. ^ Bungener, Félix (1855). History of the Council of Trent (2nd ed.). New York: Harper and Brothers. p. 92.
  63. ^ Quentin (1922), pp. 200–201, Chapitre septième – Les éditions Sixtine et Clémentine (1590–1592) [Chapter seven – The Sixtine and Clementine editions (1590–1592)].
  64. ^ Nestle, Eberhard (1901). "Chapter II.". In Menzies, Allan (ed.). Introduction to the textual criticism of the Greek New Testament. Translated by Edie, William. University of California Libraries (2nd ed.). London [etc.] Williams and Norgate; New York, G. P. Putnam's Sons. p. 128.
  65. ^ Scrivener, Frederick Henry Ambrose (1894). "Chapter III. Latin versions". In Miller, Edward (ed.). A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament. Vol. 2 (4th ed.). London: George Bell & Sons. p. 65.

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