Skarżysko-Kamienna

Coordinates: 51°7′N 20°55′E / 51.117°N 20.917°E / 51.117; 20.917
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Skarżysko-Kamienna
View at Skarżysko-Kamienna
View at Skarżysko-Kamienna
Car plates
TSK
Highways
National roads
Websitehttp://www.skarzysko.pl

Skarżysko-Kamienna pronounced

voivodship's major cities. Prior to 1928, it bore the name of Kamienna; in less formal contexts usually only the first part of the name (Skarżysko) is used. It belongs to historic Polish province of Lesser Poland
.

Skarżysko-Kamienna is an important railroad junction, with two main lines (Kraków – Warsaw and Sandomierz – Koluszki) crossing there.

History

The present-day districts of Łyżwy and Nowy Młyn were the locations of Paleolithic industrial settlements, which are now archaeological sites, part of the Rydno Archaeological Reserve, consisting of several hundred former Paleolithic sites stretching from Skarżysko-Kamienna to Wąchock.[1] The sites were discovered in 1923–1925.[1]

In 1173, the

Lesser Poland Province of the Polish Crown.[2] Around 1885 Kamienna became an important rail junction on the newly built Ivangorod-Dąbrowa Railway. The main line of the railway connecting Ivangorod (Dęblin) and Dąbrowa Górnicza ran through the town from north to south, and two branch lines to Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski and Koluszki radiated from the town east and west, respectively. This spurred the growth of Kamienna from a village into a sizeable town by 1920, when it had about 20 enterprises employing 1000 workers, as well as railway workshops employing an additional 1000 workers.[3]

Second Polish Republic

In 1923, the commune of Kamienna was granted the status of a town. In 1922 the government of Poland decided to build an ammunition factory in Kamienna, to be called Państwowa Wytwornia Uzbrojenia Fabryka Amunicji (P.W.U. Fabryka Amunicji, "National Armament Factory - Ammunition Plant") It began production in 1924 supplying munitions to the

Polish Army. It employed 2760 workers in 1932, over 3000 in 1936, and over 4500 in 1939, becoming the principal employer in the town and driving its growth.[3]
The company still functions today under the name Zakłady Metalowe MESKO S.A.).

In 1928, town's name was changed to Skarżysko-Kamienna. In 1937 the town had 19,700 inhabitants, among them 2,800 Jews (about 14% of the total).[4]

German occupation of Skarżysko-Kamienna (1939–1945)

Mass grave of Poles massacred by the Germans during the occupation

Following the September 1939 invasion of Poland by Germany, which started World War II, Skarżysko-Kamienna was under German occupation until liberated by the Soviet army in January 1945. The Germans controlled the ammunition factory to support their own war effort, and from 1940 it was controlled by the company Hugo Schneider Aktiengesellschaft (HASAG), which ran it as a subcontractor for the Wehrmacht.[4] In 1940, the Germans carried out mass executions of Poles (360 people executed in February and 760 in June).[3] The Polish underground resistance organization Orzeł Biały ("White Eagle") was organized in the town.[5] Among its members were local monks, and a weapons depot used by Polish partisans was located in the local monastery.[5] Several monks were arrested and murdered by the Germans in the massacre committed in February 1940, while one managed to escape arrest.[5]

The

Treblinka.[4] In the major monograph on the subject estimated that despite the incompleteness of German records which likely underestimate the number of inmates, about 25,000 Jewish inmates were brought to the camp and 7,000 were evacuated from it; about 18,000 died there.[6] The secret Polish Council to Aid Jews "Żegota", established by the Polish resistance movement, operated in the town.[7] There are several known cases of Poles, who were either executed on sight or imprisoned in the local prison and deported to concentration camps for rescuing and aiding Jews.[8]

At least nine boy scouts and two girls scouts from the town were murdered by the Germans during the occupation (see Nazi crimes against the Polish nation).[9] The monk who managed to avoid capture by the Germans in 1940, died in the Soviet bombing of the town in 1945.[5]

From 1945 to present

On January 18, 1945 the town was liberated and restored to Poland, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime, which remained in power until the

Łodź. Three of them received the death penalty. The remaining Jews left Poland,[11] except for Dr. Zundel Kahanel and his wife Bima who spent the rest of their lives in the city.[10]

Main railway station

Meanwhile, in 1948 the leading HASAG managers were tried in Leipzig, then in the part of Germany occupied by the Soviet Union. Of the 25 tried, 4 were sentenced to death, 2 to life in prison, and 18 to terms between one and five years.[4]

In 1969, The White Eagle Museum was established. In 1984, town limits were expanded by including the neighboring settlements of Łyżwy and Nowy Młyn as new districts.[12] In 1999, Skarżysko County was established as a result of the Local Government Reorganization Act (1998).

Mayors

  • Jan Zbroja 1918[13]
  • Antoni Biernacki 1918–1923[14]
  • Tadeusz Miażdżyński 1924–1925[15]
  • Wawrzyniec Ergietowski 1925–1928[16]
  • Konstanty Bobowski ?–1934[17]
  • Franciszek Tatkowski 1934[18]

Points of interest

  • The White Eagle Museum (Polish: Muzeum im. Orła Białego) - a regional museum with a large outdoor display of military equipment, most items dating back to the World War II period.
  1. Indoor display – uniforms, ammunition, pistols and smaller guns, soldier equipment, photographs and documents
  2. Outdoor display – one of Poland's few ships displayed onshore (torpedo boat Odważny - The Brave), planes, tanks (including one of world's few preserved Sturmgeschütz IV vehicles), helicopters, cannons, etc.
  • Rejów Lake and stadium
    Rejów Lake and stadium
  • The Sacred Heart of Jesus Church
    The Sacred Heart of Jesus Church
  • Kamienna River in Skarżysko
    Kamienna River in Skarżysko
  • Sanctuaty Our Lady of the Gate of Dawn
    Sanctuaty Our Lady of the Gate of Dawn

Sports

The town's most notable sports clubs are

ZKS Granat Skarżysko and volleyball team STS Skarżysko-Kamienna [pl
], which both compete in the lower leagues.

Notable people

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Skarżysko-Kamienna.

Twin towns — Sister cities

Skarżysko-Kamienna is

twinned
with:

References

  1. ^ a b Nina Glińska. "Rezerwat archeologiczny Rydno - zespół paleolitycznych osad przemysłowych wraz z kopalnią hematytu". Zabytek.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 7 August 2021.
  2. ^ Województwo sandomierskie w drugiej połowie XVI wieku; Cz.1, Mapy, plany (in Polish). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. 1993. p. 3.
  3. ^ a b c Official city website - history section
  4. ^
    Christopher Browning, Martin Dean,Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945: Ghettos in German-Occupied Eastern Europe, Indiana University Press
    , 2012, pp. 308-311
  5. ^ a b c d "Ryszard Józef Prątnicki" (in Polish). Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  6. ^ Felicja Karay, Death Comes in Yellow: Skarżysko-Kamienna Slave Labor Camp, Taylor & Francis, 1997
  7. ^ Datner, Szymon (1968). Las sprawiedliwych (in Polish). Warszawa: Książka i Wiedza. p. 69.
  8. ^ Rejestr faktów represji na obywatelach polskich za pomoc ludności żydowskiej w okresie II wojny światowej (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. 2014. pp. 151, 184, 406.
  9. Biblioteka Jagiellońska
    . pp. 243, 246.
  10. ^ a b Polin (2015). "Skarżysko-Kamienna". Spolecznosc Zydowska. Muzeum Historii Żydów Polskich POLIN. pp. 1/2. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
  11. ^ Source: Pinkas Hakehilot Encyclopaedia of Jewish Communities, Poland, Vol. VII, Districts Lublin, Kielce, Yad Vashem, Martyrs' and Heros' Remembrance Authority, Jerusalem 1999
  12. ^ Rozporządzenie Ministra Administracji i Gospodarki Przestrzennej z dnia 3 marca 1984 r. w sprawie zmiany granic niektórych miast w województwach: katowickim, kieleckim, legnickim, radomskim i wrocławskim., Dz. U. z 1984 r. Nr 14, poz. 64
  13. ^ Tadeusz Wojewoda: Samorząd terytorialny Skarżyska-Kamiennej w okresie międzywojennym. "Z dziejów regionu i miasta", R. 1/2010, p. 93.
  14. ^ Tadeusz Wojewoda: Samorząd terytorialny Skarżyska-Kamiennej w okresie międzywojennym. "Z dziejów regionu i miasta", R. 1/2010, p. 95, 96, 99.
  15. ^ Tadeusz Wojewoda: Samorząd terytorialny Skarżyska-Kamiennej w okresie międzywojennym. "Z dziejów regionu i miasta", R. 1/2010, p. 99.
  16. ^ Tadeusz Wojewoda: Samorząd terytorialny Skarżyska-Kamiennej w okresie międzywojennym. "Z dziejów regionu i miasta", R. 1/2010, p. 100.
  17. ^ Tadeusz Wojewoda: Samorząd terytorialny Skarżyska-Kamiennej w okresie międzywojennym. "Z dziejów regionu i miasta", R. 1/2010, p. 101, 102, 105.
  18. ^ Tadeusz Wojewoda: Samorząd terytorialny Skarżyska-Kamiennej w okresie międzywojennym. "Z dziejów regionu i miasta", R. 1/2010, p. 105.

External links

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