Skin care
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Skin care or skincare is a range of practices that support
Skin care is a part of the treatment of wound healing, radiation therapy and some medications.
Background
Skin care is at the interface of cosmetics[4] and dermatology.[5]
The US Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act defines cosmetics as products intended to cleanse or beautify (for instance, shampoos and lipstick). A separate category exists for medications, which are intended to diagnose, cure, mitigate, treat, or prevent disease, or to affect the structure or function of the body (for instance, sunscreens and acne creams), although some products, such as moisturizing sunscreens and anti-dandruff shampoos, are regulated within both categories.[4][6]
Skin care differs from
Neonate
Guidelines for neonatal skin care have been developed. Nevertheless, the pediatric and dermatological communities have not reached a consensus on best cleansing practices, as good
Sunscreen
Sun protection is an important aspect of skin care. Though the sun is beneficial in order for the human body to get its daily dose of vitamin D, unprotected excessive sunlight can cause extreme damage to the skin. Ultraviolet (UVA and UVB) radiation in the sun's rays can cause sunburn in varying degrees, early ageing and an increased risk of skin cancer.[11] UV exposure can cause patches of uneven skin tone and dry out the skin. It can even reduce skin's elasticity and encourage sagging and wrinkle formation.
Sunscreen can protect the skin from sun damage; sunscreen should be applied at least 20 minutes before exposure and should be re-applied every four hours. Sunscreen should be applied to all areas of the skin that will be exposed to sunlight, and at least a tablespoon (25 ml) should be applied to each limb, the face, chest, and back, to ensure thorough coverage. Many tinted moisturizers, foundations and primers now contain some form of SPF.
Sunscreens may come in the form of creams, gels or lotions; their
Elderly
Skin ageing is associated with increased vulnerability.
There is limited evidence that moisturizing soap bar; combinations of water soak, oil soak, and lotion are effective in maintaining the skin integrity of elderly people when compared to standard care.[14]
Acne
According to the American Academy of Dermatology, between 40 and 50 million Americans develop acne each year.[15] Although many associate acne with adolescence, acne can occur at any age, with its causes including heredity, hormones, menstruation, food, and emotional stress.[15]
Those with inflammatory acne should exfoliate with caution as the procedure may make conditions worse and consult a dermatologist before treatment.[15] Some anti-acne creams contain drying agents such as benzoyl peroxide (in concentrations of 2.5 - 10% ).[16]
Pressure sore
Pressure sores are injuries to the skin and underlying tissue as a result of prolonged pressure on the skin. A known example of a pressure sore is a bedsore called a pressure ulcer.
Stoma
When cleaning the stoma area, plain warm water should be use and dry wipe to gently clean around the stoma. Pat gently and make sure not to rub the area. Put all used wipes in a disposable bag and wash your hands after.
Wound healing
Wound healing is a complex and fragile process in which the skin repairs itself after injury. It is susceptible to interruption or failure that creates non-healing chronic wounds.[19]
Radiation
Radiation induces skin reactions in the treated area, particularly in the axilla, head and neck, perineum and skin fold regions.[20] Formulations with moisturising, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and wound healing properties are often used, but no preferred approach or individual product has been identified as best practice.[20][21] Soft silicone dressings that act as barriers to friction may be helpful.[20] In breast cancer, calendula cream may reduce the severity of radiation effects on the dark spot corrector.[21][22] Deodorant use after completing radiation treatment has been controversial but is now recommended for practice.[22] Add from[23][24][25][26]
EGFR
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors are medications used in cancer treatment. These medications commonly cause skin and nail problems, including rashes, dry skin and paronychia.[27] Preventive intensive moisturizing with emollient ointments several times, avoidance of water-based creams and water soaks (although in certain circumstances white vinegar or potassium permanganate soaks may help), protection the skin from excessive exposure to sunshine, and soap substitutes which are less dehydrating for the skin than normal soaps, as well as shampoos that reduce the risk of scalp folliculitis, are recommended. Treatment measures with topical antibiotic medication can be helpful.[27][28][29]
Related products
Procedures
Skin care procedures include use of botulinum;[30] exfoliation; fillers; laser medicine in cosmetic resurfacing, hair removal, vitiligo, port-wine stain and tattoo removal; photodynamic therapy; microdermabrasion; peels; retinol therapy.[1]
References
- ^ ISBN 9781405170871 [1]
- ^ Rodulfo, Kristina (2018-04-06). "Ultrasonic Face De-Gunking Spatulas Are a Thing and You're Going to Want One". ELLE. Archived from the original on 2019-02-03. Retrieved 2020-03-08.
- (PDF) from the original on 2023-04-30. Retrieved 2019-12-13.
- ^ a b Kessler R. More than Cosmetic Changes: Taking Stock of Personal Care Product Safety. Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.123-A120 [2] Archived 2015-09-08 at the Wayback Machine
- ISBN 0-375-72026-X
- ^ FDA. Cosmetics: Guidance & Regulation; Laws & Regulations. Prohibited & Restricted Ingredients. [website]. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD. Updated 26 January 2015. [3] Archived 2019-04-23 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ S2CID 41740856.
- ^ S2CID 27763545.
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- PMID 22988452.)
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link - S2CID 32542642.
- ^ S2CID 42191236.
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- ^ a b c "Acne clinical guideline". American Academy of Dermatology. 2018. Archived from the original on 2019-05-18. Retrieved 2019-09-26.
- ^ "Topical Acne Drug Products". CFR - Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 1 April 2018. Archived from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
- ^ Skin care management of gastrointestinal fistulas JL Dearlove - Surgical Clinics of North America, 1996 - Elsevier* Peristomal skin care: an overview of available products P Black - Br J Nurs, 2007 - silesse.com
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- ISBN 9780470659779
- ^ PMID 26229646.
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- ^ PMID 26187773.
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- ^ http://www.allergan.com/assets/pdf/botox_cosmetic_pi.pdf Archived 2015-09-10 at the Wayback Machine [bare URL PDF]