List of skin conditions

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Skin conditions
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Young child with a red rash covering face, chest, shoulders, and arms
Rash due to measles

Many

arrector pili muscle.[4] In the embryo, the epidermis, hair, and glands form from the ectoderm, which is chemically influenced by the underlying mesoderm that forms the dermis and subcutaneous tissues.[5][6][7]

The epidermis is the most superficial layer of skin, a

stratum basale.[8] Nourishment is provided to these layers by diffusion from the dermis since the epidermis is without direct blood supply. The epidermis contains four cell types: keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and Merkel cells. Of these, keratinocytes are the major component, constituting roughly 95 percent of the epidermis.[3] This stratified squamous epithelium is maintained by cell division within the stratum basale, in which differentiating cells slowly displace outwards through the stratum spinosum to the stratum corneum, where cells are continually shed from the surface.[3] In normal skin, the rate of production equals the rate of loss; about two weeks are needed for a cell to migrate from the basal cell layer to the top of the granular cell layer, and an additional two weeks to cross the stratum corneum.[9]

The dermis is the layer of skin between the epidermis and subcutaneous tissue, and comprises two sections, the

apocrine glands.[8] The dermis contains two vascular networks that run parallel to the skin surface—one superficial and one deep plexus—which are connected by vertical communicating vessels.[8][11] The function of blood vessels within the dermis is fourfold: to supply nutrition, to regulate temperature, to modulate inflammation, and to participate in wound healing.[12][13]

The subcutaneous tissue is a layer of fat between the dermis and underlying fascia.[14] This tissue may be further divided into two components, the actual fatty layer, or panniculus adiposus, and a deeper vestigial layer of muscle, the panniculus carnosus.[3] The main cellular component of this tissue is the adipocyte, or fat cell.[14] The structure of this tissue is composed of septal (i.e. linear strands) and lobular compartments, which differ in microscopic appearance.[8] Functionally, the subcutaneous fat insulates the body, absorbs trauma, and serves as a reserve energy source.[14]

Conditions of the human integumentary system constitute a broad spectrum of diseases, also known as

histologic information[22][23] that can be correlated with the clinical presentation and any laboratory data.[24][25][26]

Acneiform eruptions

See also:
pilosebaceous unit.[27][28]

Autoinflammatory syndromes

See also: Category:Autoinflammatory syndromes

fevers.[29][30]

Chronic blistering

See also: Category:Chronic blistering cutaneous conditions

Chronic blistering cutaneous conditions have a prolonged course and present with

bullae.[31][32][33]

Conditions of the mucous membranes

See also: Category:Conditions of the mucous membranes

Conditions of the

mucous membranes involve the moist linings of the eyes, nose, mouth, genitals, and anus.[34]

Conditions of the skin appendages

See also: Category:Conditions of the skin appendages

Conditions of the

arrector pili muscles.[1][35]

Conditions of the subcutaneous fat

See also: Category:Conditions of the subcutaneous fat

Conditions of the subcutaneous fat are those affecting the layer of adipose tissue that lies between the dermis and underlying fascia.[36][37][38][39]

Congenital anomalies

See also: Category:Cutaneous congenital anomalies

Cutaneous congenital anomalies are a diverse group of disorders that result from faulty morphogenesis, the biological process that forms the shape of a human body.[35][40][41]

Connective tissue diseases

See also: Category:Connective tissue diseases

Connective tissue diseases are caused by a complex array of

autoimmune responses that target or affect collagen or ground substance.[35][43]

Abnormalities of dermal fibrous and elastic tissue

See also:
Striae distensae

Abnormalities of dermal fibrous and elastic tissue are caused by problems in the regulation of collagen synthesis or degradation.[35][44]

Dermal and subcutaneous growths

See also: Category:Dermal and subcutaneous growths

Dermal and subcutaneous growths result from (1) reactive or neoplastic proliferation of cellular components of the dermis or subcutaneous tissue, or (2) neoplasms invading or aberrantly present in the dermis.[1][35]

Dermatitis

See also: Category:Dermatitis

Dermatitis is a general term for "inflammation of the skin".[45]

Atopic

See also: Category:Atopic dermatitis

chronic dermatitis associated with a hereditary tendency to develop allergies to food and inhalant substances.[46][47][48]

  • Atopic dermatitis (atopic eczema, disseminated neurodermatitis, flexural eczema, infantile eczema, prurigo diathsique)

Contact

See also: Category:Contact dermatitis

Contact dermatitis is caused by certain substances coming in contact with the skin.[49][50][51]

  • Abietic acid dermatitis
  • Acid-induced
  • Acrylic monomer dermatitis
  • Adhesive dermatitis
  • African blackwood dermatitis
  • Airbag dermatitis (airbag burn)
  • Alkali-induced
  • Allergic
  • Antifungal agent-induced
  • Antimicrobial agent-induced
  • Arsenic dermatitis
  • Artificial nail-induced
  • Axillary antiperspirant-induced
  • Axillary deodorant-induced
  • Baboon syndrome
  • Black dermatographism
  • Bleaching cream-induced
  • Capsaisin-induced
  • Chemical burn
    Red erosions, some with crusting, all on the back of an adult hand
    Chemical burn
  • Chloracne
  • Chrome dermatitis
  • Clothing-induced
  • Cobalt dermatitis
  • Contact stomatitis (contact lichenoid reaction, lichenoid amalgam reaction, oral mucosal cinnamon reaction)
  • Contact urticaria
  • Corticosteroid-induced
  • Cosmetic dermatitis
  • Cosmetic intolerance syndrome
  • Dentifrice-induced
  • Dermatitis from metals and metal salts
  • Dust-induced
  • Epoxy resin dermatitis
  • Ethylenediamine-induced
  • Eye makeup-induced
  • Fiberglass dermatitis
  • Flower-induced
  • Formaldehyde-induced
  • Formaldehyde-releasing agent-induced
  • Fragrance-induced
  • Gold dermatitis
  • Hair bleach-induced
  • Hair dye-induced
  • Hair lotion-induced
  • Hair spray-induced
  • Hair straightener-induced
  • Hair tonic-induced
  • Houseplant-induced
  • Hydrocarbon-induced
  • Irritant folliculitis
  • Lacquer dermatitis (lacquer sensitivity)
  • Lanolin-induced
  • Lipstick-induced
  • Local anesthetic-induced
  • Makassar ebony dermatitis
  • Marine plant-induced
  • Mechanical irritant dermatitis
  • Mercury dermatitis
  • Mouthwash-induced
  • Nail lacquer-induced
  • Nail polish remover-induced
  • Nickel dermatitis
  • Occupation-induced
  • p-Chloro-meta-xylenol-induced
  • Paraben-induced
  • Paraphenylenediamine dermatitis
  • Permanent wave preparation-induced
  • Phenothiazine drug-induced
  • Photoallergic
  • Photoirritant
  • Plant derivative-induced
  • Pollen-induced
  • Polyester resin dermatitis
  • Toxicodendron dermatitis
  • Protein contact dermatitis
  • Quaternium-15 hypersensitivity
  • Reed dermatitis
  • Rosewood dermatitis
  • Rosin dermatitis
  • Rubber dermatitis
  • Seed-induced
  • Shoe dermatitis
  • Solvent-induced
  • Sorbic acid-induced
  • Subjective irritant contact dermatitis
    (sensory irritant contact dermatitis)
  • Sunscreen-induced
  • Systemic contact dermatitis
  • Tear gas dermatitis
  • Textile dermatitis
  • Traumatic irritant contact dermatitis
  • Tree-associated plant-induced
  • Tree-induced
  • Tulip fingers
  • Urushiol-induced
  • Vegetable-induced

Eczema

See also: Category:Eczema

lichenified stage.[26][52]

Small blisters and crusting on the distal fingertips
Dyshidrosis

Pustular

See also: Category:Pustular dermatitis

Pustular dermatitis is an

lesions.[26][53]

Seborrheic

See also: Category:Seborrheic dermatitis

scaling on an erythematous base.[54]

Disturbances of pigmentation

See also: Category:Disturbances of human pigmentation

Disturbances of human pigmentation, either loss or reduction, may be related to loss of melanocytes or the inability of melanocytes to produce melanin or transport melanosomes correctly.[55][56][57]

Drug eruptions

See also: Category:Drug eruptions

Drug eruptions are adverse drug reactions that present with cutaneous manifestations.[58][59][60]

Endocrine-related

See also: Category:Endocrine-related cutaneous conditions

Endocrine conditions often present with cutaneous findings as the skin interacts with the endocrine system in many ways.[61][62]

  • Acanthosis nigricans associated with malignancy
    (acanthosis nigricans type I)
  • Acanthosis nigricans associated with obesity, insulin-resistant states, and endocrinopathy
    (acanthosis nigricans type III)
  • Acral dry gangrene
  • Acral dry gangrene
  • Acromegaly
  • Addison's disease
  • Adrenal adenoma
  • Adrenal carcinoma
  • Adrenal hyperplasia
  • Alopecia–nail dystrophy–ophthalmic complications–thyroid dysfunction–hypohidrosis–ephelides and enteropathy–respiratory tract infections syndrome
    (ANOTHER syndrome)
  • Arrhenoblastoma
  • Cretinism
  • Acanthosis nigricans associated with obesity, insulin-resistant states, and endocrinopathy
  • Excess ovarian androgen release syndrome (ovarian SAHA syndrome)
  • Familial acanthosis nigricans
    (acanthosis nigricans type II)
  • Growth hormone deficiency
  • Hyperandrogenism–insulin resistance–acanthosis nigricans syndrome
    (HAIR-AN syndrome)
  • Hyperparathyroidism
  • Hyperprolactinemic SAHA syndrome
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Hypoparathyroidism
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Leydig cell tumor
  • Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (Wermer syndrome)
  • Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A, pheochromocytoma and amyloid-producing medullary thyroid carcinoma, PTC syndrome, Sipple syndrome)
  • Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 3
    (mucosal neuromata with endocrine tumors, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B, multiple mucosal neuroma syndrome, Wagenmann–Froboese syndrome)
  • Myxedema
  • Panhypopituitarism
  • Persistent adrenarche syndrome (adrenal SAHA syndrome)
  • Polycystic ovarian syndrome
  • Seborrhoea–acne–hirsutism–alopecia
    (SAHA syndrome)
  • Thyroid acropachy

Eosinophilic

See also: Category:Eosinophilic cutaneous conditions

Eosinophilic cutaneous conditions encompass a wide variety of diseases that are characterized histologically by the presence of eosinophils in the inflammatory infiltrate, or evidence of eosinophil degranulation.[63][64]

Epidermal nevi, neoplasms, and cysts

See also: Category:Epidermal nevi, neoplasms, and cysts

Epidermal

epidermal layer of the skin.[8][26]

Erythemas

Large erythematous patch in the pattern of a "bull's-eye" on a woman's posterior upper arm
Erythema migrans
See also: Category:Erythemas

Erythemas are reactive skin conditions in which there is blanchable redness.[1][9]

Genodermatoses

See also: Category:Genodermatoses

Genodermatoses are inherited genetic skin conditions often grouped into three categories: chromosomal, single gene, and polygenetic.[67][68]

Infection-related

See also: Category:Infection-related cutaneous conditions and Skin and skin structure infection

Infection-related cutaneous conditions may be caused by

fungi, yeast, viruses, or parasites.[26][69]

Bacterium-related

See also:
Bacterial skin infection

Bacterium-related cutaneous conditions often have distinct morphologic characteristics that may be an indication of a generalized systemic process or simply an isolated superficial infection.[69][70]

Mycobacterium-related

See also: Category:Mycobacterium-related cutaneous conditions

Mycobacterium-related cutaneous conditions are caused by Mycobacterium infections.[69][71]

Mycosis-related

See also:
Fungal skin infection

Mycosis-related cutaneous conditions are caused by

fungi or yeasts, and may present as either a superficial or deep infection of the skin, hair, or nails.[69]

Parasitic infestations, stings, and bites

See also: Category:Parasitic infestations, stings, and bites of the skin

Parasitic infestations, stings, and bites in humans are caused by several groups of organisms belonging to the following

Platyhelminthes, and Protozoa.[69][72]

Virus-related

See also:
Viral skin infections

Virus-related cutaneous conditions are caused by two main groups of

parasites.[69][73]

Lichenoid eruptions

See also: Category:Lichenoid eruptions

Lichenoid eruptions are

dermatoses related to the unique, common inflammatory disorder lichen planus, which affects the skin, mucous membranes, nails, and hair.[74][75][76]

Lymphoid-related

See also: Category:Lymphoid-related cutaneous conditions

Lymphoid-related cutaneous conditions are a group of disorders characterized by collections of lymphocyte cells within the skin.[77]

Melanocytic nevi and neoplasms

See also: Category:Melanocytic nevi and neoplasms

Melanocytic nevi and neoplasms are caused by either a proliferation of (1) melanocytes, or (2) nevus cells, a form of melanocyte that lack dendritic processes.[78][79]

Melanoma

See also: Category:Melanoma

malignant proliferation of melanocytes and the most aggressive type of skin cancer.[80][81][82]

Monocyte- and macrophage-related

See also: Category:Monocyte- and macrophage-related cutaneous conditions

Monocyte- and macrophage-related cutaneous conditions are characterized

histiocytoses,[84] and sarcoidosis.[85]

Mucinoses

See also: Category:Mucinoses

mucopolysaccharides.[34]

Neurocutaneous

See also: Category:Neurocutaneous conditions

Neurocutaneous conditions are due

psychiatric in etiology.[86][87]

Noninfectious immunodeficiency-related

See also: Category:Noninfectious immunodeficiency-related cutaneous conditions

Noninfectious immunodeficiency-related cutaneous conditions are caused by

B-cell dysfunction.[88][89]

Nutrition-related

See also: Category:Malnutrition

Nutrition-related cutaneous conditions are caused by malnutrition due to an improper or inadequate diet.[90][91]

Papulosquamous hyperkeratotic

See also: Category:Papulosquamous hyperkeratotic cutaneous conditions

scales caused by a thickening of the stratum corneum.[9]

Multiple, red, well demarcated papules and plaques on the flank of an adult male
Pityriasis rosea

Palmoplantar keratodermas

See also: Category:Palmoplantar keratodermas

keratodermas in which there is hyperkeratosis of the skin of the palms and soles.[92]

Bottom of an adult's foot with a thickened and scaling surface
Palmoplantar keratoderma
  • Acrokeratoelastoidosis of Costa (keratoelastoidosis marginalis)
  • Aquagenic keratoderma
    (acquired aquagenic palmoplantar keratoderma, aquagenic syringeal acrokeratoderma, aquagenic wrinkling of the palms, transient reactive papulotranslucent acrokeratoderma)
  • Bart–Pumphrey syndrome (palmoplantar keratoderma with knuckle pads and leukonychia and deafness)
  • Camisa disease
  • Carvajal syndrome
    (striate palmoplantar keratoderma with woolly hair and cardiomyopathy, striate palmoplantar keratoderma with woolly hair and left ventricular dilated cardiomyopathy)
  • Corneodermatoosseous syndrome (CDO syndrome)
  • Diffuse epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma
    (palmoplantar keratoderma cum degeneratione granulosa Vörner, Vörner's epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma, Vörner keratoderma)
  • Diffuse nonepidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma
    (diffuse orthohyperkeratotic keratoderma, hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma, keratosis extremitatum progrediens, keratosis palmoplantaris diffusa circumscripta, tylosis, Unna–Thost disease, Unna–Thost keratoderma)
  • Erythrokeratodermia variabilis (erythrokeratodermia figurata variabilis, keratosis extremitatum progrediens, keratosis palmoplantaris transgrediens et progrediens, Mendes da Costa syndrome, Mendes da Costa type erythrokeratodermia, progressive symmetric erythrokeratoderma)
  • Focal acral hyperkeratosis
    (acrokeratoelastoidosis lichenoides, degenerative collagenous plaques of the hand)
  • Focal palmoplantar and gingival keratosis
  • Focal palmoplantar keratoderma with oral mucosal hyperkeratosis
    (focal epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma, hereditary painful callosities, hereditary painful callosity syndrome, keratosis follicularis, keratosis palmoplantaris nummularis, nummular epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma)
  • Haim–Munk syndrome (palmoplantar keratoderma with periodontitis and arachnodactyly and acro-osteolysis)
  • Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia
    (alopecia congenita with keratosis palmoplantaris, Clouston syndrome, Clouston's hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, Fischer–Jacobsen–Clouston syndrome, keratosis palmaris with drumstick fingers, palmoplantar keratoderma and clubbing)
  • Howel–Evans syndrome (familial keratoderma with carcinoma of the esophagus, focal non-epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma with carcinoma of the esophagus, palmoplantar ectodermal dysplasia type III, palmoplantar keratoderma associated with esophageal cancer, tylosis, tylosis–esophageal carcinoma)
  • Hystrix-like ichthyosis–deafness syndrome (HID syndrome)
  • Keratoderma climactericum (acquired plantar keratoderma, climacteric keratoderma, Haxthausen's disease)
  • Keratosis punctata palmaris et plantaris
    (Buschke–Fischer–Brauer disease, Davis Colley disease, keratoderma disseminatum palmaris et plantaris, keratosis papulosa, keratoderma punctatum, keratodermia punctata, keratoma hereditarium dissipatum palmare et plantare, palmar and plantar seed dermatoses, palmar keratoses, papulotranslucent acrokeratoderma, punctate keratoderma, punctate keratoses of the palms and soles, maculosa disseminata)
  • Keratitis–ichthyosis–deafness syndrome (erythrokeratodermia progressiva Burns, ichthyosiform erythroderma with corneal involvement and deafness, KID syndrome)
  • Mal de Meleda
    (acral keratoderma, Gamborg–Nielsen keratoderma, mutilating palmoplantar keratoderma of the Gamborg–Nielsen type, palmoplantar ectodermal dysplasia type VIII, palmoplantar keratoderma of the Norrbotten type)
  • Naxos syndrome (diffuse non-epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma with woolly hair and cardiomyopathy, diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma with woolly hair and arrythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy of Naxos, Naxos disease)
  • Olmsted syndrome
    (mutilating palmoplantar keratoderma with periorificial keratotic plaques, mutilating palmoplantar keratoderma with periorificial plaques, polykeratosis of Touraine)
  • Pachyonychia congenita type I
    (Jadassohn–Lewandowsky syndrome)
  • Pachyonychia congenita type II
    (Jackson–Lawler pachyonychia congenita, Jackson–Sertoli syndrome)
  • Palmoplantar keratoderma and spastic paraplegia
    (Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease with palmoplantar keratoderma and nail dystrophy)
  • Palmoplantar keratoderma of Sybert
    (Greither palmoplantar keratoderma, Greither syndrome, keratosis extremitatum hereditaria progrediens, keratosis palmoplantaris transgrediens et progrediens, Sybert keratoderma, transgrediens and progrediens palmoplantar keratoderma)
  • Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome (palmoplantar keratoderma with periodontitis)
  • Porokeratosis plantaris discreta
  • Punctate palmoplantar keratoderma
  • Schöpf–Schulz–Passarge syndrome (eyelid cysts with palmoplantar keratoderma and hypodontia and hypotrichosis)
  • Scleroatrophic syndrome of Huriez
    (Huriez syndrome, palmoplantar keratoderma with scleroatrophy, palmoplantar keratoderma with sclerodactyly, scleroatrophic and keratotic dermatosis of the limbs, sclerotylosis)
  • Striate palmoplantar keratoderma
    (acral keratoderma, Brünauer–Fuhs–Siemens type of palmoplantar keratoderma, focal non-epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma, keratosis palmoplantaris varians, palmoplantar keratoderma areata, palmoplantar keratoderma striata, Wachter keratoderma, Wachters palmoplantar keratoderma)
  • Spiny keratoderma
    (porokeratosis punctata palmaris et plantaris, punctate keratoderma, punctate porokeratosis of the palms and soles)
  • Tyrosinemia type II (oculocutaneous tyrosinemia, Richner–Hanhart syndrome)
  • Vohwinkel syndrome
    (keratoderma hereditaria mutilans, keratoma hereditaria mutilans, mutilating keratoderma of Vohwinkel, mutilating palmoplantar keratoderma)

Pregnancy-related

Linear, vertical brown patch inferior to umbilicus on the abdomen of a pregnant woman
Linea nigra
See also: Category:Pregnancy-related cutaneous conditions

Pregnancy-related cutaneous conditions are a group of skin changes observed during pregnancy.[93][94]

Pruritic

See also: Category:Pruritic skin conditions

Pruritus, commonly known as itchiness, is a sensation exclusive to the skin, and characteristic of many skin conditions.[95][96]

Psoriasis

See also: Category:Psoriasis

plaques.[97][98][99]

Psoriasis vulgaris

Reactive neutrophilic

See also: Category:Reactive neutrophilic cutaneous conditions

neutrophils, and typically associated with underlying diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and hematologic malignancy.[100][101]

Multiple ulcerations with undermined edges on the adult back and upper, posterior arm
Pyoderma gangrenosum

Recalcitrant palmoplantar eruptions

See also: Category:Recalcitrant palmoplantar eruptions

Recalcitrant palmoplantar eruptions are skin conditions of the palms and soles which are resistant to treatment.[34]

  • Dermatitis repens (acrodermatitis continua, acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau, acrodermatitis continua suppurativa Hallopeau, acrodermatitis perstans, dermatitis repens Crocker, Hallopeau's acrodermatitis, Hallopeau's acrodermatitis continua, pustular acrodermatitis)
  • Infantile acropustulosis (acropustulosis of infancy)
  • Palmoplantar pustulosis
    (persistent palmoplantar pustulosis, pustular psoriasis of the Barber type, pustular psoriasis of the extremities, pustulosis of palms and soles, pustulosis palmaris et plantaris)
  • Pustular bacterid

Resulting from errors in metabolism

See also: Category:Skin conditions resulting from errors in metabolism

Skin conditions resulting from errors in metabolism are caused by enzymatic defects that lead to an accumulation or deficiency of various cellular components, including, but not limited to, amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.[16]

Resulting from physical factors

See also: Category:Skin conditions resulting from physical factors

Skin conditions resulting from physical factors occur from a number of causes, including, but not limited to, hot and cold temperatures, friction, and moisture.[34][102][103]

Ionizing radiation-induced

See also: Category:Ionizing radiation-induced cutaneous conditions

Ionizing radiation-induced cutaneous conditions result from exposure to ionizing radiation.[104]

  • Fluoroscopy burn
  • Chronic radiation keratosis
  • Chronic radiodermatitis
  • Eosinophilic, polymorphic, and pruritic eruption associated with radiotherapy
  • Fluoroscopy burn
  • Radiation acne
  • Radiation cancer
  • Radiation dermatitis
    (radiodermatitis)
  • Radiation recall reaction
  • Radiation-induced erythema multiforme
  • Radiation-induced hypertrophic scar
  • Radiation-induced keloid
  • Radiation-induced morphea

Urticaria and angioedema

See also: Category:Urticaria and angioedema

wheals, which are firm, elevated swellings of the skin.[105] Angioedema
, which can occur alone or with urticaria, is characterized by a well-defined, edematous swelling that involves subcutaneous tissues, abdominal organs, or upper airway.[106]

Acute urticaria

Vascular-related

See also: Category:Vascular-related cutaneous conditions

Vascular-related cutaneous conditions result from dysfunction of the

lymphatics in the subcutaneous tissues.[9][107][108]

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ Any given cutaneous condition is only included once within this list.
  2. ^ Parentheticals are used to indicate other names by which a condition is known. If there are multiple alternative names for a condition, they are separated by commas within the parenthetical.
  3. ^ Citations for any given condition name and/or alternative name(s) may be found within the condition's respective article.
  4. American and British English differences
    .
  5. parangi (Malay) represent examples of this convention
    .
  6. acronym or initialism
    are included within this list.
  7. IgM
    ).
  8. AIDS
    , respectively.

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  83. S2CID 10907243
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  85. S2CID 220114548
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Further reading

External links
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